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TFN MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to a specialized field of practice founded on the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of that discipline and accompanying practice abilities

A

Profession

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2
Q

Traditional Professions

A

Clergy
Law
Medicine

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3
Q

Characteristics of a Profession

A
  1. Defined and specialized knowledge base
  2. Control and authority over training and education
  3. Credentialing system or registration to ensure competence
  4. Altruistic service to society
  5. A code of ethics
  6. Formal training with institution of higher education
  7. Lengthy socialization to the profession
  8. Autonomy (control of professional activities)
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4
Q

a foundational belief system that guides nursing practice, scholarship, and research

A

Nursing Philosophy

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5
Q

specialized knowledge that focuses on the interconnectedness of humans, their environment, and health. This knowledge is embedded within the frameworks and theories of nursing

A

Nursing Science

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6
Q

Historical Eras of Nursing’s search for specialized knowledge

A
  1. Curriculum era
  2. Research era
  3. Graduate education
  4. Theory era
  5. Theory utilization
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7
Q

Develop specialized knowledge and higher education

A

Curriculum era (1900-1940s)

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8
Q

Isolated studies do not yield unified knowledge.

A

Research (1950-1970s)

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9
Q

Focus graduate education on knowledge development

A

Graduate education era (1950-1970s)

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10
Q

Theories guide nursing research and practice

A

Theory era (1980-1990s)

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11
Q

Nursing frameworks produce knowledge (evidence) for quality care

A

Theory utilization era (21st century)

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12
Q

an academia in school, a branch of education, a department of learning, or a domain of knowledge

A

Discipline

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13
Q

2 Components of a Discipline

A
  1. Structure
  2. Tradition
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14
Q

It represents the different ways of understanding and practicing nursing

A

Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing

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15
Q

Who developed the Fundamental Ways of Knowing in Nursing

A

Barbara Carper in 1978

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16
Q

4 Patterns of Knowledge in FPOKN

A
  1. Empirical Knowledge
  2. Esthetic Knowledge
  3. Personal Knowledge
  4. Ethics or Ethical Knowledge
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17
Q

Characteristics of Science

A
  1. Science must show a certain coherence
  2. Science is concerned with definite fields of knowledge
  3. Science is preferably expressed in universal statements
  4. The statement of science must be true or probably true
  5. The statements of science must be logically ordered
  6. Science must explain its investigations and arguments
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18
Q

Classifications of Science

A
  1. Natural Science
  2. Basic or Pure Science
  3. Human or Social Science
  4. Practice or Applied Science
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19
Q

“Study of problems that are ultimate, abstract, and general. These problems are concerned with the nature of existence, knowledge, morality, reason and human purpose.” (Teichman &Evans, 1999, p. 1).
Tries to discover knowledge and truth and attempts to identify what is valuable and important.

A

Philosophy

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20
Q

Belief that reason is superior to experience as a source of knowledge

A

Rationalism

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21
Q

Scientific knowledge can be derived only from sensory experience

A

Empiricism

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22
Q

Branches of Philosophy

A
  1. Metaphysics
  2. Ontology
  3. Cosmology
  4. Epistemology
  5. Logic
  6. Ethics or Axiology
  7. Esthetics
  8. Philosophy of sciences
  9. Political Philosophy
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23
Q

study of fundamental nature of reality and existence—general theory of reality

A

Metaphysics

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24
Q

study of theory of being (what is or what exists); how things originate, how humankind start; how did nursing science originate

A

Ontology

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25
study of the physical universe
Cosmology
26
study of knowledge (ways of knowing, nature of truth, and relationship between knowledge and belief)
Epistemology
27
study of principles and methods of reasoning (inference and argument); debaters
Logic
28
study of nature of values; right and wrong (moral philosophy)
Ethics or Axiology
29
study of appreciation of the arts or things beautiful
Esthetics
30
study of science and scientific practice
Philosophy of science
31
study of citizen and state
Political Philosophy
32
Focuses on understanding the parts of the whole in an attempt to understand the whole. It strives to explain nature through testing of hypotheses and development of theories.
Empiricism
33
it supports mechanistic, reductionist principles, where the complex can be best understood in terms of its basic components.
Positivism
34
recognized only the logical and empirical bases of science and stressed that there is no room for metaphysics, understanding, or meaning within the realm of science
Logical Positivism
35
Study of phenomena and emphasizes the appearance of things as opposed to the things themselves.
Phenomenology
36
The most basic component of a theory
Concept
37
Concepts can either be:
Concrete or Abstract
38
Two definitions in concepts
Theoretical Definition and Operational Definition
39
Directly experienced concepts and that relate to a particular time and place and can be measured
Concrete Concepts
40
These concepts are mentally constructed and are independent of a specific time or place
Abstract Concepts
41
Components of a Concepts
1. Concepts and Definition 2. Relational Statements 3. Linkages and Offering
42
What are the questions used to evaluate nursing theories according to Chinn and Kramer?
1. How clear is this theory? (Clarity) 2. How simple is this theory? (Simplicity) 3. How general is this theory? (Generality) 4. How accessible is this theory? (Accessibility) 5. How important is this theory? (Importance)
43
Structure levels of a theory
Metaparadigm Philosophy Conceptual Models Grand Theory Theory Middle-range Theory
44
2 Categorizations of a theory
Sophistication and Abstraction
45
4 Levels of Theory Sophistication according to Patricia James and James Dickoff
1. Factor-isolating 2. Factor-relating 3. Situation-relating 4. Situation-producing
46
Most primitive level of a theory. It only attempts to describe how things are in the world
Descriptive Theory (Factor-isolating)
47
Intermediate level. Attempts to explain why things are as they are in the world. Concepts that make up the theory are linked by propositions that explain the relationship between them
Explanatory Theory (Factor-relating)
48
Higher Level. Attempts to predict (forecast with a degree of confidence) how things work in the world. Propositions linking the concepts are now seen as indicating more specific cause-effect relationship.
Predictive Theory (Situation-relating)
49
Highest Level. Utilization of knowledge within specific and contextualized situations.
Prescriptive Theory (Situation-producing)
50
6 Structure Levels of Nursing Theories
Metaparadigm Nursing Philosophy Nursing Conceptual Models Nursing Grand Theory Nursing Theory Middle-range Theory
51
4 Elements/Concepts of a Nursing Metaparadigm
Person Environment Health Nurse
52
Known as the "Lady of the Lamp"
Florence Nightingale
53
5 Essential Components of Environmental Health accdrg to Nightingale
1. Pure Air 2. Light 3. Cleanliness 4. Efficient Drainage 5. Pure Water
54
When is the International Nurses Day?
May 12
55
According to this theory/model, a well-maintained environment can support healing, while a poor environment can delay or prevent it
Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory (The Florence Nightingale Theory of Nursing)
56
Described as the Mother of Psychiatric Nursing
Hildegard Peplau
57
This theory/model describes the importance of nurse-patient relationship as a "significant, therapeutic interpersonal process"
Theory of Interpersonal Relations
58
Known as the "First Lady of Nursing"
Virginia Henderson
59
This theory/model emphasizes the focus of nursing practice which is the basic human needs. Stating that the unique function of nursing is to assist individuals in gaining independence.
Henderson's Need Theory
60
This nursing theory/model emphasizes the importance of helping patients maintain their health by conserving their physical and emotional resources during recovery or illness.
Levine's Conservation Model
61
This Theory/Model emphasizes the patient's active role in their own care and identifies how nurses can assist individuals when they are unable to meet their own needs.
Self-care Deficit Theory of Nursing
62
This Theory/Model is a comprehensive framework that views the patient as a dynamic, open system that interacts with internal and external environmental stressors.
Neuman Systems Model
63
This theory/model is based on the idea that humans are adaptive systems who constantly interact with internal and external environments. The main goal of nursing is to promote adaptation, thereby enhancing health and quality of life
Roy Adaptation Model
64
This theory/model views human beings as complex systems made up of smaller behavorial subsystems. It is structured around the idea that nursing's goal is to restore or maintain these systems to achieve health and prevent illnesses.
Johnson's Behavioral Systems Model
65
This theory/model's central idea is identifying and solving patient's problems through problem-solving approach that focuses on patient needs rather than just medical diagnoses.
Abdellah's 21 Nursing Problems
66

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