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TFN Flashcards

1
Q

Developed the first theory of nursing.

A

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

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2
Q

Focused on changing and manipulating the environment in order to put the patient in the best possible conditions for nature to act.

A

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

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3
Q

Introduced the Interpersonal Model.

A

HILDEGARD PEPLAU

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4
Q

She defined nursing as a therapeutic, interpersonal process which strives to develop a nurse-patient relationship in which the nurse serves as a resource person, counselor and surrogate.

A

HILDEGARD PEPLAU

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5
Q

Defined nursing as having a problem-solving approach, with key nursing problems related to health needs of people; developed list 21 nursing problem areas

A

FAYE ABDELLAH

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6
Q

Developed the three elements – client behavior, nurse reaction and nurse action – compose the nursing situation. She observed that the nurse provide direct assistance to meet an immediate need for help in order to avoid or to alleviate distress or helplessness.

A

IDA JEAN ORLANDO

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7
Q

Described the Four Conservation Principles.
conservation of energy
conservation of structured integrity
conservation of personal integrity
conservation of social integrity

A

MYRA LEVINE

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8
Q

Developed the Behavioral System Model.
1. Patient’s behavior as a system that is a whole with interacting parts
2. how the client adapts to illness
3. Goal of nursing is to reduce so that the client can move more easily through recovery.

A

DOROTHY JOHNSON

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9
Q

Conceptualized the Science of Unitary Human Beings. She asserted that human beings are more than different from the sum of their parts; the distinctive properties of the whole are significantly different from those of its parts.

A

MARTHA ROGERS

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10
Q

Emphasizes the client’s self care needs; nursing care becomes necessary when client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental or social needs.

A

DOROTHEA OREM

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11
Q

Nursing process is defined as dynamic interpersonal process between nurse, client and health care system.

A

IMOGENE KING

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12
Q

Stress reduction is a goal of system model of nursing practice. Nursing actions are in primary, secondary or tertiary level of prevention

A

BETTY NEUMAN

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13
Q

Presented the Adaptation Model. She viewed each person as a unified bio-psychosocial system in constant interaction with a changing environment. The goal of nursing is to help the person adapt to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, role function and interdependent relations during health and illness.

A

SISTER CALLISTA ROY

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14
Q

Introduced the notion that nursing centers around three components: person (core), pathologic state and treatment (cure) and body(care).

A

LYDIA HALL

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15
Q

Conceptualized the Human Caring Model. She emphasized that nursing is the application of the art and human science through transpersonal caring transactions to help persons achieve mind-body-soul harmony, which generates self-knowledge, self-control, self-care and self-healing.

A

JEAN WATSON

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16
Q

Introduced the Theory of Human Becoming. She emphasized free choice of personal meaning in relating to value priorities, co-creating of rhythmical patterns, in exchange with the environment and contranscending in many dimensions as possibilities unfold.

A

ROSEMARIE RIZZO PARSE

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17
Q

eveloped the Transcultural Nursing Model. She advocated that nursing is a humanistic and scientific mode of helping a client through specific cultural caring processes (cultural values, beliefs and practices) to improve or maintain a health condition

A

MADELEINE LENINGER

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18
Q

Abstract ideas or mental images of phenomena or reality
Often called the “building blocks” of theories

A

Concepts

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19
Q

A pattern of shared understanding and assumptions about reality and the world
Include notions of reality that are largely unconscious or taken for granted

A

Paradigm

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20
Q

Concepts that can be superimposed on other concepts

A

Metaparadigm

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21
Q

Four major metaparadigms in nursing

A

Person
Environment
Health
Nursing

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22
Q

Supposition or system of ideas proposed to explain a given phenomenon
Attempt to explain relationships between concepts
Offer ways to conceptualize central interests of a discipline

A

Theory

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23
Q

also known as The Lady with the Lamp
Environmental Theory

A

Florence Nightingale (1860)

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24
Q

Defined nursing as: “the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery”

A

Florence Nightingale (1860)

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25
Q

FIVE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF A HEALING ENVIRONMENT
OF NIGHTINGALE

A
  1. Ventilation
  2. Light
  3. Warmth
  4. Control noise
  5. Control odor
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26
Q

The Perspective Theory of Nursing

A

Ernestine Wiedenbach (1964)

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27
Q

“My thesis is that nursing art is not comprised of rational nor reactionary actions but rather of deliberative action.”

A

Ernestine Wiedenbach (1964)

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28
Q

According to Wiedenbach there are four elements to clinical nursing:

A

(1) philosophy,
(2) purpose,
(3) practice,
(4) art.

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29
Q

“The Nightingale of Modern Nursing”
“The 20th century Florence Nightingale.”

A

Virginia Henderson (1897-1996

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30
Q

VIRGINIA described the nurse’s role as:

A

o SUBSTITUTIVE (doing for the person)
o SUPPLEMENTARY (helping the person)
o COMPLEMENTARY (working with the person) - with the goal of helping the person
become as independent as possible

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31
Q

Patient-Centered Approaches
21 nursing problems

A

Faye Glen Abdellah (1960)

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32
Q

“First woman to become a surgeon general as a nurse”

A

Faye Glen Abdellah (1960)

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33
Q

States that nursing is the use of the problem-solving approach with key nursing problems
related to the health needs of people.

A

ABDELLAH’S THEORY

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34
Q

Theory of Human Caring

A

Margaret Jean Watson (1979)

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35
Q

The value of altruism (regard for others as a personal action) is learned at an early age. It is a value shared with parents. One’s own life experiences are learning opportunities

A

FORMATION OF A HUMANISTIC-ALTRUISTIC VALUE SYSTEM.

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36
Q

this provides a basis for looking into the healing power of belief, or the spiritual dimension, when curing is not possible.

A

INSTALLATION OF FAITH-HOPE.

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37
Q

Nurses promote “health and higher level functioning only when they perform person-to-person relationships as opposed to
manipulative relationships

A

CULTIVATION OF SENSITIVITY TO SELF AND OTHERS

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38
Q

both verbal and nonverbal, is a mode of accomplishing a helping-trust relationship to establish rapport and caring.

A

DEVELOPMENT OF A HELPING-TRUST RELATIONSHIP.

39
Q

According to Watson, it is important to facilitate awareness of both negative and positive feelings to improve on one’s level of awareness.

A

PROMOTION AND ACCEPTANCE OF THE EXPRESSION OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FEELINGS.

40
Q

nurses have in assessing the issue of developing a scientific base because most of our time is dedicated to the performance of nursing tasks such as procedures and treatments.

A

SYSTEMATIC USE OF THE SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM-SOLVING METHOD FOR DECISION MAKING.

41
Q

Through this factor, persons (clients) gain control over their own health because it provides them with both information and
alternatives.

A

PROMOTION OF INTERPERSONAL TEACHING-LEARNING.

42
Q

Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing

A

Dorothea Orem (1971).

43
Q

theory is based on the belief that the individual has a need for self-care actions and that nursing can assist the person in
meeting that need to maintain life, health, and well-being.

A

SELF-CARE DEFICIT THEORY OF NURSING

44
Q

Orem’s 3 related theories:

A

(1) THE THEORY OF SELF-CARE
(2) THE THEORY OF SELF-CARE DEFICIT
(3) THE THEORY OF NURSING SYSTEMS

45
Q

comprises the practice of activities that maturing and mature persons initiate and perform, within time frames, on their own behalf in the interest of maintaining life

A

Theory of Self Care

46
Q

consists of activities that individuals carry out on their own behalf.

A

SELF-CARE

47
Q

The human’s acquired ability or power to engage in self-care.

A

SELF-CARE AGENCY

48
Q

Can be defined as “the reasons for which self-care is undertaken;

A

SELF-CARE REQUISITES

49
Q

The Theory of Self-Care has three components:

A

Universal self-care needs
Developmental self-care needs
Health deviation

50
Q

The Science of Unitary Human Beings, and Principles of Hemeodynamics

A

Martha Rogers (1970)

51
Q

volving creature interacting with the environment in an open, adaptive manner-achieve maximum health in his environment

A

LIFE PROCESS MODEL

52
Q

“Nursing is an art and science that is humanistic and humanitarian. It is directed toward the unitary human and is concerned with the nature and direction of human development.”

A

Martha Rogers (1970)

53
Q

BEHAIORAL SYSTEM MODEL

A

Dorothy Johnson (1971)

54
Q

“Each individual has a predisposition to act, with reference to the goal, in certain ways rather than in other ways”

A

Dorothy Johnson (1971)

55
Q

The optimal functioning of the affiliative subsystem allows “social inclusion, intimacy, and the formation and maintenance of a strong social bond”.

A

ATTACHMENT OR AFFILIATIVE

56
Q

“succoring” behaviors that precipitate nurturing
behaviors from other individuals in the environment.

A

DEPENDENCY

57
Q

Relates to the behaviors surrounding the intake of food.
o It is related to the biological system, however, the emphasis for nursing, from Johnson’s perspective,

A

INGESTIVE

58
Q

Relates to behaviors surrounding the excretion of waste products from the body.

A

ELIMINATIVE

59
Q

Relates to behaviors concerned with protection and self-preservation.

A

AGGRESSIVE

60
Q

Provokes behaviors that attempt to control the environment.
o Intellectual, physical, creative, mechanical, and social skills are some of the areas that Johnson recognizes.

A

ACHIEVEMENT

61
Q

Adaptation Model

A

Sister Callista Roy (1979)

62
Q

theory is grounded on humanism with the belief that a person has his own creative power and has coping abilities to enhance wellness.

A

Adaptation Model

63
Q

transpires through neutral, chemical and endocrine processes like
the increase in vital signs-sympathetic response to stress

A

Regulator Subsystem

64
Q

on the other hand, occurs through cognitive-emotive processes.

A

Cognator Subsystem

65
Q

System Model in Nursing Practice

A

Betty Neuman (1972)

66
Q

based on stress and the client’s reaction to the stressor. In this
model the client is the individual, group, family, or community.

A

Neuman systems model

67
Q

Goal Attainment Theory
Systems Framework: Interacting and Open Systems Model

A

Imogene King (1971)

68
Q

Assumption 2
o Focus is on the person and the three interacting systems:

A

i. Personal
ii. Interpersonal
iii. Social

69
Q

She defined Nursing as “interpersonal process of therapeutic interactions between an individual who is sick or in need of health services and a nurse especially educated to
recognize, respond to the need for help.”

A

Hildegard Peplau (1952)

70
Q

Foundation of Peplau’s framework

A
  • Humane treatment
  • Dignity & respect
  • Healing discussion
71
Q

Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship
o Nursing Process Discipline

A

Ida Jean Orlando (1961)

72
Q

“The role of the nurse is to find
out and meet the patient’s immediate need for help. The patient’s presenting behavior may
be a plea for help, however, the help needed may not be what it appears to be.”

A

Ida Jean Orlando (1961)

73
Q

Human To Human Relationship Model

A

Joyce Travelbee (1926-1973)

74
Q

“The nurse is responsible for helping the patient avoid and alleviate the distress of unmet
needs.”

A

Joyce Travelbee (1926-1973)

75
Q

Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality

A

Madeleine Leininger (1985)

76
Q

Transcultural Nursing Model

A

Madeleine Leininger (1985)

77
Q

Leininger presents three intervention
modes:

A

o Culture care preservation and maintenance
o Culture care accommodation, negotiation, or both
o Culture care restructuring and repatterning.

78
Q

Theory of Human Becoming

A

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse (1981)

79
Q

“Nursing is a scientific discipline, the practice of which is a performing art.”

A

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse (1981)

80
Q

Life Perspective Rhythm Model

A

Joyce Fitzpatrick

81
Q

The Theory of Nursing as Caring: A Model for Transforming Practice

A

Anne Boykin & Savina Schoenhofer

82
Q

Health as Expanding Consciousness
Focus

A

Margaret Newman

83
Q

the information of the system; the capacity of the system to interact with the environment

A

Consciousness

84
Q

Humanistic Nursing

A

Josephine Paterson and Loreta Zderad

85
Q

Core, Care, and Cure Model

A

Lydia hall

86
Q

The Conservation Principles: A model for Health

A

Myra Levine (1977)

87
Q

Model on Novice to Expert

A

Patricia Benner

88
Q

“The nurse-patient relationship is not a uniform, professionalized blueprint but rather a kaleidoscope of intimacy and distance in some of the most dramatic, poignant, and
mundane moments of life.”

A

Patricia Benner

89
Q

No experience (e.g., nursing student). Performance is limited, in- flexible, and governed by context-free rules and regulations rather than experience.

A

STAGE I: NOVICE

90
Q

Demonstrates marginally acceptable performance. Recognizes the meaningful “aspects” of a real situation. Has experienced enough real situations to make
judgments about them.

A

STAGE II: ADVANCED BEGINNER

91
Q

Has 2 or 3 years of experience. Demonstrates organizational and planning abilities.
Differentiates important factors from less important aspects of care. Coordinates
multiple complex care demands.

A

STAGE III: COMPETENT

92
Q

Has 3 to 5 years of experience. Perceives situations as wholes rather than in terms of parts, as in Stage II. Uses maxims as guides for what to consider in a situation. Has holistic understanding of the client, which improves decision making. Focuses on
long-term goals.

A

STAGE IV: PROFICIENT

93
Q

Performance is fluid, flexible, and highly proficient; no longer re- quires rules, guidelines, or maxims to connect an understanding of the situation to appropriate action. Demonstrates highly skilled intuitive and analytic ability in new situations. Is inclined to take a certain action because “it felt right.”

A

STAGE V: EXPERT

TFN (2 decks)

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