Texts

Question 1

Explorers - or boys messing about?
- purpose and audience (2)

Answer 1

-to criticise/ridicule inept, ill prepared incompetence and arrogance of the two men

-to inform and entertain the readers - encourage them to share his views

Question 2

Explorers - or boys messing about?
- voice and tone (2)

Answer 2

-ironic, satirical, facetious at times

-includes voices of experts and wife to reinforce his view

Question 3

Explorers - or boys messing about?
- ideas + attitudes (3)

Answer 3

• Men: ill prepared deluded arrogant juvenile egotistical arrogant privileged
  and ludicrous.

-Situation: Dangerous, deadly, extreme

• Rescuers: committed, adept and skilful, professional, organised, experienced Personal

Question 4

Explorers -or boys Messing about?
- language style (7)

Answer 4

• Use of experts to discredit
  Juvenile / infantile imagery
• Contrasting verbs : their cartoonish ‘ditched’ ‘scrambled’ ‘plunged’ ‘plucked’ – plosives
• onomatopoeia: to stress their incompetence CONTRASTED to verbs to capture competence and skill of rescuers: ‘deciphered’ ‘dispatched’ ‘surveying’

-Factual language used ironically to stress incompetence ‘ their ages cited – 40 /42 in contrast to ‘boys messing about’ , the embedded clause telling us helicopter ‘single engine ‘four seater’ to stress ridiculous decision

• Emotive language to stress danger of situation ‘ hostile’ ‘icy waters’ ‘driven back because of poor visibility’ etc

-Inverted commas to stress irony of their claims – mock credibility ‘trusty helicopter’

• Domestic language to suggest how they are not in fact experts – but asked ‘wife in London’ to ‘call

Question 5

Explorers -or boys Messing about?
- ending (3)

Answer 5

• returns us to ideas explored in headline
• cyclical : cost to readers (taxpayers) and juvenile

-irresponsibility again quoting his wife: ‘have their
bottoms smacked’

Question 6

A Passage to Africa
- purpose and audience

Answer 6

• To teach readers/challenge Western apathy towards developing world – confront them emotionally/challenge to
  face ignorance

Question 7

A passage to Africa
- voice and tone (2)

Answer 7

• Personal & reflective voice of journalist
• Tone develops as traces his ‘passage’ to an epiphany about Africa : Critical, sympathetic, honest, curiosity, realisation and passion!

Question 8

A passage to Africa
- ideas and attitudes (4)

Answer 8

1. Acknowledges shortcomings of journalists – personal guilt & shame for lack of empathy – realises heartless predatory approach to reporting – driven in part by editors and in turn readers
2. The horror & sympathy for suffering – cruelty of life in war torn developing world wracked by famine etc
3. Respect for the dignity / self respect of
   Somalians
4. Following epiphany regarding his role in humiliation and indignity a determination to change his approach

Question 9

Explorers - or boys messing about?
-Structure (5)

Answer 9

• Headline / strapline – together establish his POV
• Opens unusually with historical case to contextualise this incident – stress their arrogant irresponsibility, lack
  of reflection / learning
• Shifts focus to rescue – several paragraphs to stress how complicated and difficult process was – contrast their idiocy to skill of authorities
• Does acknowledge their experience / credentials briefly – to avoid accusation of offering one sided account – though immediately undercuts with return
  to account of previous misdemeanours
• Punctuates article with regular quotations from experts to add credence to his own view

Question 10

A passage to africa
- structural features (6)

Answer 10

• Heading ambiguous – connotes journey of discovery and learning – that he reaches at end / Or a dedication
  ie passage TO Africa that he achieves- determination to show respect at end!
• Intrigues at first – which will be the ‘one’ face that he’ll ‘never forget’ of the ‘thousands’ seen – and why / how will it be so lifechanging?
• Plunges us into narrative – stresses how remote village is - symbolic here of how detached Western perspective of Developing World is
• Shares 3 anecdotes of suffering witnessed – each increasingly disturbing – ironically we realise these would be potentially dismissed by Western
  consumers of media
• Finally arrives at ‘that face’ and ‘the smile’ having delayed climax and provided context as to its importance / significance: Initially expresses confusion
• Ending powerful – as addresses directly the ‘one ‘ he said at the start ‘I will never forget’ – to stress the impact of this encounter