Textiles and Leather Flashcards
A flexible artificial material made up of a network natural/artificial fibers (thread or yarn) formed by weaving, knitting, or pressed into felt.
Textile
Any material made through the various processes such as weaving, knitting, crocheting or bonding.
Fabric
Any material made of interlacing fibers.
Textile
Refers to a finished piece of fabric that can be used for varying purposes such as a bed cover, etc.
Cloth
_____ fabrics dating from 5000 BC have been discovered in Egypt.
Linen
Textiles that have been found from the Early Bronze Age in Scandinavia and Switzerland.
Woolen Textiles
Has been spun and woven in India since 3000 BC
Cotton
Has been woven in China since at least 1000 BC.
Silk
This is the basic element of the textile. It is a fine, hair like strand that form the basis of a yarn.
Fiber
These are short fibers, somewhat randomly arranged and loosely twisted, resulting in softer yarns. These are typically measured in centimeters or inches. All natural fibers except silk are in this type of fiber.
Staple Fiber
These are long & continuous fibers, usually measured in meters or yards, laid parallel to one another and tightly twisted to produce smooth, strong yarns.
Filament Fiber
Synthetic fibers are produced by extruding chemical solutions through a shower-head like device called _______
Spinneret
Formed by twisting fibers together to create a continuous strand.
Yarn
Composed of staple fibers twisted together.
Staple Yarn
Composed of continuous strands made from either a spinneret generated synthetic fiber or from silk.
Filament Yarn
Textiles are evaluated in what criteria?
- Durability
- Elongation
- Tenacity
- Fabric Absorbency
- Resiliency
The textile’s ability to resist wear through continuous use.
Durability
Usually defined as the ultimate breaking force of the fiber (in gram-force units)
Tenacity
A textiles elasticity.
Elongation
The ability of a fabric to take in moisture.
Fabric Absorbency
A material that has a strong affinity for water/ strong absorption of water.
Hydrophilic
A material that has a lack of affinity with water
Hydrophobic
A material’s ability to absorb humidity from the air.
Hydroscopic
The ability of a material to spring back into shape.
Resiliency.
This kind of fibers are from animal, plant, or mineral sources.
Natural Fiber
A kind of fiber that is man-made and thoroughly modern, most having developed in the 20th century.
Synthetic Fiber
The first synthetic fiber - began commercial production in 1939.
Rayon
Synthetic Fibers are __________, meaning that they soften and melt when heated.
Thermoplastic
The most commonly used plant fiber. A vegetable or cellulosic fiber which comes from the balls of the ________ plant. Known for its comfort and wicks away moisture along the fiber and through the fabric.
Cotton
A processed version of cotton made into cloth that resembles satin.
Shiny Cotton
Extra long staple Cotton produced in Egypt and favored for the luxury and upmarket brands worldwide
Egyptian Cotton
A kind of cotton that has no synthetic additives when finished.
Green Cotton
A cotton produced through a process wherein the cotton is readied for spinning refining process wherein impurities are removed through _________.
Carded Cotton
Carding
Carded Cotton that is then refined and _________ to the long to produce a finer high-end yarn. Stronger and smoother product.
Combed Cotton
Fine long fibers that are less prone to linting and shedding. Supima and Egyptian Cottons are examples
Long Staple Cotton
What are the 3 classifications of cotton? Based on their quality.
- Egyptian Cotton
- Pima Cotton
- Upland Cotton
Highest quality cotton formed from the rich soil of the “Nile River”. A cotton that is for luxury and upmarket brands worldwide.
Egyptian Cotton
Next to Egyptian cotton’s quality and primarily grown in Peru, the southwestern United States and Australia. Trademark “Supima”
Pima Cotton
Next to Pima cotton’s quality. Native to Mexico, the West Indies, northern south America, central America and possibly tropical Florida. Also known as Mexican Cotton
Upland cotton
A fiber that is taken from the seed pod of the Java _____ tree. It was once used extensively for stuffing pillows and seat cushions. It is very lightweight and nonabsorbent, making it popular as a stuffing for personal flotation devices because it can support about 30 times its weight in water.
Kapok
Probably the oldest fiber ever woven into fabric. It doesn’t lint and resists fraying and seam slippage. One of the major disadvantages of linen is that it wrinkles and creases readily.
Flax (Linen)
A fiber which resembles flax. It is made from the stem and stalk of a plant that primarily grows in India. It is harsh, brittle, lints badly, and wrinkles easily, limiting its use primarily to carpet and linoleum backing.
Jute
A fabric that is often made from Jute.
Burlap
A fiber that is taken from the stems of the Cannabis Sativa Plant. Originally used in ropes and sacks.
Hemp
Also known as Abaca, derived from the Musa textilis plant. It is mainly grown in the Philippines. The latter is widely considered that finest rope made and it is very resistant to damage from saltwater.
Manila Hemp
Sometimes called as China grass or grass linen. It has been tested to be 3-5 times stronger than cotton and twice as strong as flax.
Ramie
A fiber that is highly elastic, flexible, and impermeable to water and air. Extruded from latex.
Natural Rubber
A fiber that is made from Banana fibers.
Jusi
Made from the leaves of the Pineapple plant and is commonly used in the Philippines. Major use of such is in the creation of the Barong Tagalog and other formal wear.
Pina
A fiber that is sheared from domesticated animals, primarily sheep. An excellent fiber for use in carpets. It is self-extinguishing and burns slowly. it stops burning when the flame source is removed.
Wool
The oil that is removed from wool during its fiber processing.
Lanolin
A type of wool that is warm and lightweight. Its softest and finest among any UK breed.
Shetland Wool
A type of wool that is taken from the Merino sheep.
Merino Wool
A wool taken from a lamb’s first shearing.
Virgin Wool
A wool that’s been used to make one product, then used to make something else. Also called “reclaimed wool and or shoddy wool”.
Recycled Wool
A high quality wool that is manufactured in a state in England since 18th century. Its name is taken from the state where it is manufactured.
Worsted Wool
A fiber taken from camel, goat, mohair, alpaca, llama, the vicuna (the rarest) and horsehair.
Hair
A fiber that is taken from the lowly Kashmiri Goat. It is said to be the fiber of Kings, and is so luxurious that the Arc of the Covenant of the Old Testament was said to be lined and curtained with it.
Cashmere
It is the finest wool sheared from the undercoat of Himalayan Mountain goats.
Pashmina
Woven with the down hair of the Tibetan antelope (chiru).Now banned for possession and sale because the Chiru is an endangered species.
Warmest Fabric.
Shahtoosh
A silk-like fabric or yarn made from the hair of the ANGORA GOAT.
Mohair
A fiber that is considered the most beautiful of all fibers due to its marvelous, natural luster. Comes from the cocoons of the silkworm.
Silk
Finest cultured silk yarn, made from the longest filaments.
Organzine or Thrown Silk
A silk that uses shorter strands and have less luster and sheen.
Tram, Spunsilk or Bourette
From wild, uncultivated silkworms.
Tussah
Fiber formed by two silk worms that spun their cocoons together in an interlocking manner.
Duppion/Dupioni
It is considered one of the finest fabrics in the world and produced from the cocoons of Thai silkworms.
Thai Silk
A type of mineral fiber that is completely fireproof and was used for many years in firefighters’ apparel, in ironing board covers, and in other hazardous industry applications. It’s fibers are insoluble and have barbed edges.
Asbestos
Threads of gold, silver or copper often woven into filmy casements or wall hangings.
Metal Fibers
The first synthetic fiber. It is called the “poor man’s silk” or “artificial silk”.
Rayon
A company that developed acetate and triacetate fibers.
Celanese Corp
A thermoplastic fiber that is easily damaged by heat and easily wrinkled. A compound of cellulose acetate (derivative of cellulose), it is generally heat-treated against wrinkling, is washable, fast-drying, and does not shrink.
Acetate
An almost pure cellulose acetate developed by the Celanese Corp. in 1954.
Triacetate
Developed by E.I Dupont de Nemours and Co. in 1939. Strongest of all fibers, it is highly elastic with good elongation and recovery properties. It is the most popular carpet fiber.
Nylon
Developed by DuPont Co. in 1950 under the trade name Orion. It uses staple fibers which are crimped before cutting and then mechanically bulked for an insulative, fluffy, wool-like effect.
Acrylic
Developed by the Union Carbide in 1949. Resistant to acids and alkalis. A flame resistant fiber used for draperies and casement cloths.
Modacrylic
Developed by the Hercules Inc. in 1961 from a by-product of petroleum. It continues to increase in popularity as a carpet fiber. It is being used as upholstery for airplane seats for many years.
Olefin (Polypropylene and Polyethylene)
This fiber’s invention in 1953 was led through DuPont’s discovery of Nylon. It’s a fiber often used for hospital cubicle curtains because of its resistance to air-born and oil-borne dirt as well as its low moisture absorbency. It is washable and drip-dry.
Polyester
This fiber was first produced in fiber form in the mid-1800s. One of its most important characteristic is its inherently resistant to flame. It best used as drapery or casement cloth. Owen-Coming’s trade name for this fiber is Fiberglas.
Glass Fiber
A chemical fiber with make up similar to Nylon. It resembles silk in luster, weight, color feel and drapability but it can be ironed at high heat like cotton.
Polynude Nylon
A synthetic fiber that is used for outdoor furniture upholstery and screening. It is unaffected by sunlight, easy-to-care, wrinkle resistant and abrasion resistant.
Saran
A manufactured elastomeric fiber that can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking and will still recover to its original length. This permits manufacturers to add stretch to fabrics without altering hand or appearance.
Spandex
A synthetic fiber which is marketed under the trade names of Nomex and Kevlar. Nomex as a high-temperature-resistant fiber used in apparel such as firefighters’ cloting and spacesuits. Kevlar which is an incredibly strong fiber that is stronger than comparably sized steel. It is also used in bullet-resistant vests.
Aramids
The matting together of fibers to form a web by moisture, pressure, and heat. It results in continuous dense cloth that is firm, slightly fuzzy and comparatively low in tensile strength.
Felting
Produced originally in sheet forms through extrusion through a wide die, forming in molds or rolling between rollers. Sheet is a finished product in highly varied forms that is thick and opaque, leather like, suede-like softness, embossed, etc.
Films
A method of fabric formation that utilizes machinery wherein blunt rods or needles are used to form a single continuous yarn into a series of interlocking loops.
Knitting
Who constructed the first knitting machine?
Reverend William Lee
The term used for the vertical stitches in knitting.
Wales
The term used for the horizontal stitches in knitting.
Courses
A type of knitting stitches that produce a smooth-face material. Used in making fine, thin, or sheer fabrics.
Plain Stitches
A type of knitting stitches that produce a line of wales on both sides of the fabric causing the fabric to be very elastic.
Rib Stitches
A type of knitting stitches formed by holding one loop on a needle while taking on one or more additional loops and then casting all of them onto another needle.
Tuck Stitches
A type of knitting stitches that have successive courses of stitches drawn to opposite sides of the fabric, thereby making it very elastic in the lengthwise direction and quite elastic in the crosswise direction.
Purl Stitches
A type of knit fabric construction made on a circular machine and produces a tubular fabric without seams.
Circular Knit
A type of knit fabric construction made with 2 sets of needles to give a ribbed or corrugated surface to the fabric.
Ribbed Fabric
A type of knit fabric construction made by having the needles arranged in a straight line.
Flat Outerwear
A type of knit fabric construction made on a machine with only one set of needles.
Flat Underwear
A type of knitted fabric that is knitted with a double stitch on a double needle frame to provide a double thickness that is the same on both sides.
Double Knit
A type of knitted fabric that is a special type of eight-lock knit cloth that has a smooth surface on both sides.
Interlock Knit
A plain stitch knitted fabric.
Jersey
A type of knitted fabric produced by silver knitting, a method of knitting both yarn and fiber into a fabric to provide an exceptionally deep pile effect.
Knit Pile
A type of knitted fabric known for its high gauge, lightweight, fine texture and appeal in hand. The warps always move in the opposite direction with the full threading or color arrangement to produce a run-proof fabric.
Milanese Knitted
A type of knitted fabric that has one kind of yarn on the face while another type is found on the back of the goods.
Plated
A type of knitted fabric that is versatile and can be made from every type of yarn of any type of fiber in any form.
Rachel Knit
