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Textiles > textiles > Flashcards

textiles Flashcards

1
Q

Absorbency

A

The ability of a material to suck/soak up moisture

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2
Q

Additives

A

Substances added to polymers to improve their properties

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3
Q

Aesthetically pleasing

A

It is attractive to the senses

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4
Q

Alloy

A

A metal made by combining 2 or more metals to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion

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5
Q

Annealing

A

Reducing the hardness of a metal and making it more ductile

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6
Q

Anthropometrics

A

The study of the sizes of the human body

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7
Q

Asymmetry

A

The absence of symmetry of any kind

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8
Q

Batch production

A

Making a set number of identical products

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9
Q

Bevel gear

A

A gear with teeth cut at a 45 degree angle to change the direction of the drive shaft by 90 degrees

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10
Q

Biobased?

A

A product made from a renewable resource

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11
Q

Biodegradable

A

The ability of material, substance or object to break down naturally in the environment through the action of micro-organisms (thereby avoiding pollution). Natural and regenerated fibres are biodegradable.

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12
Q

Blending fibres

A

Mixing fibres of different origins together in order to improve the properties of the finished yarn.

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13
Q

Block model

A

An informal model that captures the form of an idea tends to have no moving parts

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14
Q

Bondage fabric

A

Fabric manufactured by adding pressure, heat, chemicals or adhesives to a web of fibres causing them to bond together examples of bonded fabrics include baby wipes, and interfacing

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15
Q

Brazing

A

Soldering at very high temperatures

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16
Q

Breadboard

A

A prototyping tool for building electronic circuits

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17
Q

Brittle

A

Likely to snap crack or break when bent or hit with an impact

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18
Q

Bulk discount

A

Reduced price of items for buying a greater number at a time

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19
Q

CAD

A

Computer aided design

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20
Q

CAE

A

Computer aided engineering

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21
Q

Cam and follower

A

A mechanism to convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion

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22
Q

CAM

A

Computer aided manufacture

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23
Q

Case hardening

A

Hardening the outer surface of a metal

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24
Q

Catalyst

A

Chemicals that cause a reaction to happen

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25
Q

Circular economy

A

And alternative to traditional in the economy (manufacture, use, dispose), in which we use resources for as long as possible then reuse and re-generate products and materials; a cradle to cradle model

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26
Q

Climate change

A

A change in global climate apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards

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27
Q

Cloud computing

A

A network of online servers the store and manage data

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28
Q

CNC

A

Computer numerical control. Computer-controlled machine used in industry

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29
Q

Co-injection moulding

A

An injection moulding process that uses two different polymers

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30
Q

Collaboration

A

Working with others to achieve a shared goal. There is a shared expectation which is critical in understanding collaboration.

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31
Q

Commodity

A

A raw material that can be bought and sold such as coffee or gold

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32
Q

Compressive strength

A

The resistance of a material to breaking as a result of compression/squashing

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33
Q

Context

A

The setting or surroundings for a design solution

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34
Q

Crease resistance

A

Afibres ability to recover after being wrinkled

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35
Q

Culture

A

The ideas and activities of groups of people; the way that people behave and relate to one another; the beliefs and aspirations of a group of people

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36
Q

Current

A

The actual electricity flowing, measured in amps

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37
Q

Debugging

A

Finding and removing errors in a microcontroller program

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38
Q

Diode

A

A component that allows current to flow in one direction only

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39
Q

Downcycling

A

Recycling into a lower quality product

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40
Q

Drape

A

The weight of fabric hangs under its own weight

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41
Q

Driver

A

A component to boost the output current

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42
Q

Ductile

A

Able to be bent or deformed without losing toughness

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43
Q

Durability/hardness

A

The ability to resist cutting, wear, or abrasion

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44
Q

Eco-material

A

An environmentally friendly material

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45
Q

Economies of scale

A

The cost advantages that manufacturers obtain due to the size, output, or scale of their production

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46
Q

Effort

A

The input force in a mechanism

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47
Q

Electrolysis

A

Extraction of metals by melting and passing electric current through it

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48
Q

Emerging technologies

A

New technologies that are currently being developed, or will be developed within the next 5 to 10 years

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49
Q

Ergonomics

A

The study of how we use and interact with a product or system

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50
Q

Ethical

A

Correct, fitting, good or honourable

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51
Q

Fabricating

A

Creating products by assembling parts and components together

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52
Q

Fast fashion

A

A trend involving the quick transfer of new collections from the catwalk into stores

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53
Q

FEA

A

Finite element analysis

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54
Q

Felted fabric

A

Fabric manufactured by adding moisture, pressure and friction to a web of fibres, causing them to matt together

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55
Q

Ferrous metal

A

A metal that contains iron

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56
Q

Filament fibre

A

A long, smooth, fibre of synthetic or natural protein origin

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57
Q

Finite resources

A

Non-renewable sources that cannot be replaced in a sufficient time frame to allow further human consumption. Examples include crude oil and natural gas and coal, as these resources have taken millions of years to form

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58
Q

Focus group

A

An organised discussion led by a moderator, where a group of people are asked about their views and experiences, perceptions of and attitudes towards a product, brand, service, idea, advertisement or packaging

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59
Q

Force

A

A push, pull or twist

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60
Q

Former

A

A block made to hold material in the shape required

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61
Q

Fulcrum

A

The pivot around which a lever turns

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62
Q

Function

A

What a product will do and how it wI’ll work

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63
Q

Fused deposition modelling (FDM)

A

Building up a 3-D shape by laying down material in layers

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64
Q

Galvanising

A

Coating steel with zinc to stop it corroding

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65
Q

Globalisation

A

Businesses and organisations operating globally and developing international influence

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66
Q

Gloss

A

A shiny, reflective surface finish

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67
Q

Golden ratio

A

A common mathematical ratio found in nature that can be used to create pleasing, natural-looking compositions in your design work; also known as the golden mean, the golden section, or by the Greek letter Phi

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68
Q

GRP

A

Glass reinforced plastic

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69
Q

gsm

A

Grams per square metre. Used to classify the weights of paper and card

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70
Q

Idler gear

A

A gear that is inserted between two spur gears to change the output direction

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71
Q

Import

A

To bring goods in from another country

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72
Q

Inclusive design

A

Designing for the widest possible audience

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73
Q

Input

A

The type of motion or force put into a mechanism

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74
Q

Insulator

A

Resists the passage of heat or sound, keeps heat inside/blocks sound

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75
Q

Integrating circuit (IC)

A

A microchip

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76
Q

Internet of Things (IoT)

A

Where are electronic devices connect within the existing Internet infrastructure, to send and receive data without human intervention

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77
Q

Iterative design

A

A design process based on a cyclic process of prototyping, testing, reflecting, analysing, evaluating and refining of product or process. The processes are repeated with a focus of achieving the optimum design

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78
Q

Iterative modelling

A

Repeated modelling to develop an idea

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79
Q

Laminating

A

Building up a shape in thin layers

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80
Q

Lathe

A

A machine used for making cylindrical-shaped objects by spinning

81
Q

Lay plans

A

Used by fabric pattern cutters to guide them when placing pattern pieces in the correct location and direction before cutting

82
Q

Lean manufacturing

A

A systematic method for the elimination of waste within a manufacturing system

83
Q

Lever

A

A rigid bar that turns around a fulcrum

84
Q

Light dependent resistor (LDR)

A

A light sensing component

85
Q

Lightweight

A

Weighs very little

86
Q

Line bending

A

Bending a polymer sheet after softening a narrow strip

87
Q

Linkage

A

A component used to direct forces and movement to where they are needed

88
Q

Load

A

The output force in a mechanism

89
Q

Lubrication

A

A substance applied to reduce friction between moving parts

90
Q

Malleable

A

Able to be hammered or pressed into shape without breaking or cracking

91
Q

Market pull

A

Refers to the market (users/customers ) identifying and requiring the need for a new product or solution to a problem

92
Q

Marketing

A

The business of promoting and selling a product; can include advertising and promotion, and market research

93
Q

Mass/high volume production

A

Producing very large numbers of an item or product

94
Q

Mathematical modelling

A

The representation of a real situation using mathematical concepts and language

95
Q

Matt

A

A dull, non-reflective surface finish

96
Q

Mechanism

A

A series of parts the work together to control forces and motion

97
Q

Micro controller

A

A programmable electronic component that adds functionality to the product

98
Q

Micron

A

1000th of a millimetre. Used to classify the thickness of paper and card

99
Q

Monomer

A

A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer

100
Q

MOSFET

A

A type of transistor used as a driver

101
Q

Mould

A

Has various references in design and manufacture; it can be a hollow container used to give shape to a molten or hot material while it cools and hardens; or used to describe the forming of an object from a malleable material

102
Q

Moulding

A

Can describe the process of forming a shape from a mould; or be used to describe a specific form, e.g. a decorative moulding

103
Q

Nanotechnology

A

Technology on a microscopic scale

104
Q

Natural cellulose fibres

A

Fibres that come from plant-based sources, for example cotton and linen

105
Q

Natural polymers

A

Chains of protein or cellulose molecules (monomers), such as keratin, glucose or fibroin. These chains are the basis of all natural fibres

106
Q

Natural protein fibres

A

Fibres that come from animal-based sources. These include hair, fur or silk fibres

107
Q

Non-ferrous metal

A

A metal that does not contain iron

108
Q

Non-renewable energy

A

Energy derived from sources that come out of the ground as liquids, gases and solids cannot be quickly replenished

109
Q

Non-woven fabrics

A

Fabrics made by entangling fibres together using friction, pressure, heat or chemicals. These fabrics are cheaper to produce then woven fabrics and are often used for disposable products

110
Q

Obsolescence

A

Becoming outdated or no longer wanted

111
Q

One off production

A

Making only one or a small number of products

112
Q

Organic

A

Derived from living matter

113
Q

Output

A

The type of motion or force a mechanism produces

114
Q

Oxidation

A

Discolouring, tarnishing and/or rusting of metal through reaction with water

115
Q

Physical and working properties

A

The properties of the material that affect the way it is used

116
Q

Piezo-electric sounder

A

A miniature speaker for producing sounds from a microcontroller

117
Q

Pinion

A

A small driver gear (smaller than the driven gear)

118
Q

Plain weave

A

A basic weave construction in which the weft yarn goes under and over alternate warp yarns, giving a strong and flat fabric

119
Q

Planned obsolescence

A

The business practices practice of deliberately outdating an item before the end of its useful life

120
Q

Plating

A

Coating one type of metal with another to improve appearance or corrosion resistance

121
Q

Polarised

A

A component in systems that must be connected the correct way round in a circuit

122
Q

Polymer

A

A substance that has a molecular structure built up from a large number of similar units (monomers) bonded together

123
Q

Polymerisation

A

The process of joining small molecules to form polymers (long chains)

124
Q

Polymer Memory

A

The ability of the Thermo polymers to return to their original state after reheating

125
Q

Powder coating

A

A coating of electrically charged powder that is baked on to achieve a tough finish

126
Q

Press moulding

A

Forming a hollow shape from a softened polymer sheet

127
Q

Primary user

A

The person or group of people who will use a product or system

128
Q

Printed circuit board (PCB)

A

The support and connections for the electronic components in a product

129
Q

Program

A

A set of instructions to tell a microcontroller how to carry out a task

130
Q

Programming language

A

The set of instructions and rules used to write a microcontroller program

131
Q

Proportion

A

The relative size and scale of the various elements in a design

132
Q

Prototyping

A

A process that involves the production of a test model, on which the final product is based

133
Q

Pulley and belt drive

A

A method of transferring rotatory motion between two shafts

134
Q

Quenching

A

Rapidly cooling hot metal by immersing in cold water

135
Q

Rack and pinion

A

A system to change between rotary and linear motion

136
Q

Rapid prototyping

A

The process of making a 3-D shape from a digital file

137
Q

Recyclable

A

Material or product suitable for re-processing back to raw forms

138
Q

Recycled paper

A

Paper made from used paper products

139
Q

Regenerated fibres

A

Fibres derived from natural Celulose sources, using synthetic chemical processes. These include viscose and bamboo fibre

140
Q

Reinforce

A

To strengthen or support an object or substance with additional material

141
Q

Renewable

A

A natural resource and is not depleted by use

142
Q

Resistance

A

How hard it is for an electric current to flow, measured in ohms

143
Q

Rigid

A

The ability to withstand forces without flexing

144
Q

Satin

A

And in between gloss and matt finish

145
Q

Satin weave

A

A luxurious weave in fabric construction in which the weft yarn floats over three or more warp yarns, giving a smooth and shiny finish

146
Q

Scale of production

A

The number of products being produced at once

147
Q

Seam allowance

A

A margin added in textiles to pattern pieces to allow enough fabric around the edge of the sewing line for errors

148
Q

Seasoning

A

Adjusting the moisture content of timber to make it more suitable to use

149
Q

Self finishing

A

A material that requires no further coatings or finishing processes

150
Q

Sensor

A

A component that produces a signal in response to a specific physical quantity

151
Q

Shaft

A

A rod that transfers the rotation through a mechanism

152
Q

Signal

A

And electrical voltage that is used to represent information

153
Q

Simple gear train

A

A pair of years consisting of a driver gear and a driven gear

154
Q

Sketch models

A

Quick models, often of just parts of a design, made from easy to work and low-cost materials such as cardboard or foam

155
Q

Smelting

A

Melting down metals into molten liquid

156
Q

Soldering

A

Melting solder around two or more metals to create a joint

157
Q

Spur gear

A

A wheel with teeth around its edge

158
Q

Stabiliser

A

An additive added to polymers to help them with stand degradation

159
Q

Stakeholder

A

A person, group or organisation with an interest in a product/system, for example parents/schools when designing products for children

160
Q

Standardised component

A

An individual part or component, manufactured in thousands or millions, to the same specification

161
Q

Staple fibre

A

A short fibre with crimp (wavy texture); most natural fibres are staple fibres, although synthetic fibres can be manufactured to form the staple shape

162
Q

Steam bending

A

Softening the fibres of wood with steam to allow it to bend

163
Q

Stock form

A

Commonly available forms of a material that can be bought

164
Q

Stove enamelling

A

A paint coating that is baked onto achieve a tough, durable finish

165
Q

Stroke

A

The distance the follower (of the cam) rises

166
Q

Structure

A

A collection of parts that provide support

167
Q

Subsystem

A

A section with a specific role within a system

168
Q

Sustainable economic growth

A

A rate of growth that can be maintained for future generations without causing significant economic problems

169
Q

Symmetry

A

When elements are arranged in the same way on both sides of an axis when rotated around a point

170
Q

Synthesised

A

Made by combining parts of, e.g. combining different carbon components

171
Q

Synthetic

A

A manufactured substance that imitates a natural product

172
Q

System

A

The general name for a set of mechanical or electronic parts that work together to produce the desired output

173
Q

System diagram

A

A diagram of the interconnections and flow of signals in an electronic system

174
Q

Systems thinking

A

The understanding of a product or component as part of a larger system of other products and systems. In iterative design process, consideration of the role of all components and subsystems Of the product or system, including the user experience and the marketing of the object being designed, insures all aspects of the product and given the required attention to detail

175
Q

Technical textiles

A

Textiles manufactured specifically for their performance properties instead of their aesthetic value. Examples of technical textiles include Kevlar and Stomatex

176
Q

Technology push

A

One research and development of new technology drives new product development, e.g. touchscreen and fingerprint technology in smart phones

177
Q

Tempering

A

Using heat to make a metal less brittle

178
Q

Tensile strength

A

The resistance of the material to breaking under tension/stretching

179
Q

Thermistor

A

A temperature sensing component

180
Q

Throwaway society

A

A society influenced by consumerism and excessive consumption of products

181
Q

Tolerance

A

An allowable amount of variation of a specific quantity, especially in the dimensions of a part

182
Q

Torque

A

A turning or twisting force

183
Q

Toughness

A

Ability to resist breaking, bending or snapping

184
Q

Triangulation

A

Achieving rigidity by producing triangular structures

185
Q

Twill weave

A

A strong weave in fabric construction in which the weft yarn goes under and over alternate warp yarns in a diagonal formation, giving a textured finish

186
Q

Upcycling

A

Reusing and transforming products into a higher quality product

187
Q

Usability

A

How easy a product is to use, how clear and obvious the functions are

188
Q

User centred design (UCD)

A

Sometimes called human centred design, user centred design is a design strategy, or design approach, with the aim of making products and systems usable. It focuses on the user interface and how the user interacts with and relates to the product

189
Q

UV degradation

A

The weakening of polymers when exposed to the ultraviolet light in sunlight

190
Q

Vacuum forming

A

Producing thin hollow items over a shaped mould using a heated polymer sheet and vacuum

191
Q

Viability

A

The ability to work successfully

192
Q

Virgin fibre paper

A

Paper made from new, unused wooden fibres

193
Q

Voltage

A

A measure of the electrical pressure causing a current to flow, measured in volts

194
Q

Wastage

A

Removing material to leave a desired shape

195
Q

Water resistance

A

The ability of a material to resist water droplets for a period of time

196
Q

WEEE directive

A

Are sustainability scheme to reduce the amount of waste electrical products sent to landfill

197
Q

Weft knit

A

Fabric constructed with horizontal and vertical rows of interlocking loops

198
Q

Welding

A

A fusion of materials caused by intense heat

Textiles (1 decks)

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