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Materials Of Design And Decoration > Textiles > Flashcards

Textiles Flashcards

1
Q

Long fibers, in yards or meters

A

Filament fibers

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2
Q

Fine, hairlike strand

A

Fiber

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3
Q

Formed by twisting together

A

Yarn

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4
Q

Yarn composed of staple fibers

A

Spun yarn

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5
Q

Yarn with continuous strands

A

Filament yarns

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6
Q

Cotton fiber length

A

6-60mm (1 1/4 - 2 1/2”)

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7
Q

Kind of cotton, processed version of fiber made into cloth that resembles satin. Hydrophobic

A

Shiny cotton

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8
Q

Extra long staples of cotton. Most expensive. 1000 threads per inch

A

Egyptian cotton

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9
Q

Too brittle to be spun into fiber. Used to stuff pillows. Lightweight, non absorbent. Becomes powdery. “Poor man’s cotton”

A

Kapok

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10
Q

Reflects heat better than cotton and holds color longes. Can be bleached. Crisp and cool hand.

A

Flax

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11
Q

Flax fiber length

A

300-600mm / 12-24”

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12
Q

Made from flax, less soft and absorbent that cotton but more resistant to mildew. Extremely strong, brittle, wrinkles and creases readily

A

Linen

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13
Q

Longg fibers. Harsh, brittle, lints badly, wrinkles easily, for carpet and linoleum backing.

A

Jute

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14
Q

Fabric made from jute.

A

Burlap

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15
Q

Strong luster, resistant to damage from salt water. Used in making ropes

A

Manila hemp or abaca

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16
Q

Abaca lengths

A

1-3m, fine fibers are 5 m long

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17
Q

Substitute for flax. China grass or grass linen. Extremely absorbent and dries quickly, excellent abrasion resistance. Non elastic and brittle.

A

Ramie

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18
Q

Highly elastic, flexible, impermeable to water and air. Loses strength through age and deteriorates in sunlight

A

Natural rubber

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19
Q

Made from banana fibers

A

Jusi

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20
Q

Made from pineapple plant. Barong tagalog

A

Piña

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21
Q

Short fibers, in cm and inches

A

Staple fibers

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22
Q

Exceptional resiliency and elasticity, excellent fiber for carpets, no resistance to alkalis so it should be dry cleaned, burns slowly and self extinguishing

A

Wool

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23
Q

Wool fiber lengths

A

1-18”

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24
Q

Fiber of the Kings. Taken from kashmiri goat

A

Cashmere

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25
Q

Finest wool shorn from the undercoat of himalayan mountain goats. Extraordinarily light yet exceptionally warm

A

Pashmina

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26
Q

More luxurious. Chiru - endangered antelope. Pleasure of kings. Ring scarf. Warmest. Illegal

A

Shatoosh

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27
Q

Angora goat. Silk like. Texture resembles fine human hair. Resilient with hair having fewer scale than wool and has no crimp.

A

Mohair

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28
Q

Finest cultured silk yarn and is made from the longest filaments

A

Organzine/thrown silk

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29
Q

Uses shorter silk strands and have less luster and sheen

A

Tram/spunsilk/bourette

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30
Q

Wild, uncultivated silkworms. Naturally tan, cannot be bleached and has a rougher texture than cultivated silk.

A

Tussah

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31
Q

2 silk worms that spun their cocoons together in an interlocking manner. Yarn is uneven

A

Duppion/dupioni

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32
Q

One of the finest silk fabrics. Natural yellow in color, reason why it is bleached before actually dyeing. Handwoven

A

Thai silk

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33
Q

Condition wherein fabric swells when damp, and shrinks when dry

A

Hiking

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34
Q

Mineral fiber - fluffy strands which are generally combined with cotton. Fireproof. Lung cancer.

A

Asbestos

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35
Q

“Poor man’s silk” “artificial silk”
Bears resemblance to linen when spun and woven on the linen system
Frequently blended with cotton or wool
Woven backing of velvet

A

Rayon

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36
Q

Compound of cellulose acetate developed by the Celanese corp in 1924. Heat treated against wrinkling, is washable, fast-drying, does not shrink. flexible. Thermoplastic fiber

A

Acetate

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37
Q

Almost pure cellulose acetate developed by the celanese corp in 1954. Good resiliency, great stability and abrasion resistance. Shrink resistant. Permanent pleats can be set in this.

A

Triacetate

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38
Q

E.I Dupont de Nemours and Co in 1939. Requires petroleum, natural gas, air, water. Strongest of all synthetic fibers, highly elastic, great strength, high resiliency, good abrasion resistance, does not absorb oil and most airborne dirt, easily dyed, washable

A

Nylon

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39
Q

Derived from coal, air, water, petroleum and limestone. Staple fibers which are crimped before cutting then mechanically bulked for an insulative, fluffy, wool like effect. Resistant to sunlight, oilborne and airborne dirt. Durable, abrasion resistant, mildew and moth proof. Light, accept dyes well. But static and pilling can be a problem

A

Acrylic

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40
Q

Acrylic developer

A

DuPont Co 1950, under trade name Orion

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41
Q

Derived from natural gas, coal, air, salt and water. Fibers easily dyed, washable, drip dry. Resistant to acides and alkalis. Flame resistant.

A

Mod acrylic

42
Q

Mod acrylic developer

A

Union Carbide 1949

43
Q

By product of petroleum. Inexpensive and popular for carpet fiber. Resistant to stains and crushing. Lack of static generation. Doesnt dye well. Colorfast. Resistant to mildew. Lightest synthetic fiber and excellent elastic recovery

A

Olefins - polypropylene

44
Q

Olefin developer

A

Hercules Inc 1961

45
Q

Resistant to airborne oilborne dirt, low moisture absorbency, wrinkle resistance, high strength and resiliency, abrasion resistance, dimensional stability. Easy to maintain but subject to pilling. Used to stuff pillows in the form of fiber fill

A

Polyester

46
Q

Polyester developer

A

Dupont

47
Q

Inherently resistant to flame. Strong and doesnt absorb moisture. Low abrasion resistance. Ability to dye well. As drapery or casement cloth

A

Glass fiber

48
Q

Glass fiber developer

A

Owen-coming. Fiberglas

49
Q

Chemical fiber similar to nylon. Outperforms other synthetics in washability, wrinkle resistance and ease of care. Does not shrink. Resembles silk in luster, weight, color, feel but can be ironed at high heat like cotton

A

Polynude nylon

50
Q

Outdoor furniture upholstery and screening. Unaffected by sunlight, easy to care, wrinkle resistant, abrasion resistant, had high crease retention and dyeability. Usually blended with rayon and mod acrylic

A

Saran

51
Q

Can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking. Can be permanently pressed or soil resistant, washable and does not discolor.

A

Spandex

52
Q

spandex developer

A

Dupont

53
Q

Alkalis, acids and solvents have virtually no effect on them. Nomex - high temp resistant fiber used in firefighters’ clothing and space suits. Kevlar - high temp resistant and incredibly strong, stronger than comparably sized steel. Used as barrier fabric between upholstery cushion and fabric in seating

A

Aramids

54
Q

Matting together of fibers to form a web by moisture, pressure and hear. Results in a continuous dense cloth that is firm, slightly fuzzy, low in tensile strength. No grain.

A

Felting

55
Q

Produced in sheet forms through extrusion through a wide die, forming in molds or rolling between rollers. Sheet is a finished product in highly varied forms that is thick and opque, leatherlike, suedelikd softness, embossed, etc

A

Films

56
Q

Needles are used to form a single continuous yarn into a series of interlocking loops, called stitches.

A

Knitting

57
Q

Vertical rows of stitches (knitting)

A

Wales

58
Q

Horizontal rows of stitches (knitting)

A

Courses

59
Q

Produce a smooth face material, used in making fine, thin or sheer fabrics (knitting)

A

Plain stitches

60
Q

Stich that Produces lines of wales on both sides of the fabric causing the fabric to be very elastic (knitting)

A

Rib stitches

61
Q

Stitches formed by holding one loop on a needle while taking on one or more additional loops and then casting all of them onto another needle (knitting)

A

tuck stitches

62
Q

Successive courses of stitches drawn to opposite sides of the fabric, thereby making it very elastic in the lengthwise direction and quite elastic in the crosswise direction (knitting)

A

Purl stitches

63
Q

Made in a circular machine and produces a tubular fabric without seams (knitting)

A

Circular knit

64
Q

Made with 2 sets of needles to give a ribbed or corrugated surface to the fabric (knitting)

A

Ribbed fabric

65
Q

Fabric is made by having the needles arranged in a straight line (knitting)

A

Flat outerwear

66
Q

Fabric is made on a machine with only one set of needles (knitting)

A

Flat underwear

67
Q

Fabric knitted with a double stitch on a double needle frame to provide a double thickness that is the same on both sides

A

Double knit

68
Q

Special type of eight lock knit that has a smooth surface on both sides

A

Interlock knit

69
Q

Plain stitch knitted fabric

A

Jersey

70
Q

Fabric produced by silver knitting, a method of knitting both yarn and fiber into a fabric to provide an exceptionally deep pile effect

A

Knit pile

71
Q

Fabric known for its high gauge, lightweight, fine texture and appeal in hand. Warps always move in the opposite direction with full threading or color arrangement to produce a runproof fabric (knitting)

A

Milanese knitted

72
Q

Knit fabric that has one kind of yarn on the face while another type is found on the back of the goods

A

Plated

73
Q

Fabric is a versatile fabric that can be made from every type of yarn of any type of fiber in any form

A

Rachel knit

74
Q

Fabric is knitted on a single needle machine. Has less body, substance and stability than double knit.

A

Single knit

75
Q

Warp knitted fabric that has a thin texture since it is made from the fine yarn

A

Tricot

76
Q

Interweaving and intertwining of 3 or more strands of yarn or other materials so that the strands pass over and under one another

A

Braiding or plaiting

77
Q

Fine, lightweight, expensive straw with a dull finish

A

Baku

78
Q

Fine, lightweight glossy straw obtained from unopened palm leaf stems

A

Balinuntal

79
Q

Fine braided straw made from special wheat grown in Tuscany that has been cut, bleached and worked by hand

A

Leghorn

80
Q

Fine, closely braided straw

A

Milan

81
Q

Fine, handbraided, creamy colored Toquilla straw made primarily in Ecuador

A

Panama

82
Q

Tuscan

A

Fine yellow straw woven from the top of bleached wheat straws in Tuscany

83
Q

Intertwining and sometimes knotting of yarns that run in 2 or more directions. Method is used to make nets, macrame and laces

A

Twisting/Tatting/Knotting

84
Q

Interlacing of warp and weft yarns usually at right angles

A

Weaving

85
Q

Lengthwise edges of fabric

A

Selvages

86
Q

Floor loom that controls the warp threads using a device

A

Dobby loom

87
Q

Mechanical loom. Simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with complex patterns such as controlled by punched cards with holes, Each row of which corresponds to one row of the design

A

Jacquard

88
Q

Device used to weave a cloth, basic purpose is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the intereeaving of the weft

A

Jacquard loom

89
Q

Simple intertwining of warp and weft yarns when each warp yarn passes over and then under the weft yarns. Wear well but tend to wrinkle

A

Plain single weave

90
Q

Weave is balances in sequence or over and under so the warp and weft have the same count per square inch

A

regular weave/tabby/taffeta weave

91
Q

Weave with warp and weft differing in textures and weight of yarn

A

Irregular/unbalanced weave

92
Q

2 or more weft threads are interlaced into the same number of warp threads. Backed cloth - when weave is regular

A

Plain double/basket weave

93
Q

Weft yarn is heavier than the warp yarn with the result of a diagonal texture

A

Rib weave

94
Q

each warp yarn passes over and under then under the weft yarns as in the plain weave, but the sequence is slightly higher or lower meaning it is offset by one thread from the previous weft thread

A

Twill weave

95
Q

Long threads of floats pass over and under the same number of yarns

A

Regular twill weave

96
Q

Flosts pass over and under a different number of threads

A

Irregular twill weave

97
Q

Emphasizes the continuous weft yarn, with few interruptions of warp as possible. Warp yarns skip 4-7 weft yarns. Weft yarns are often finer and invisible on the right face of the textile. The float of unwoven yarns produce a smooth, shiny, light reflective surface

A

Satin weave

98
Q

Refers to fabrics that are woven in such a way as to create loops or piles that stand out from the surface of the fabric. Fabric is woven with 3 fibers, the warp, weft and an extra set of either warp or weft fibers.

A

Pile weaves

99
Q

Weaving one of the two sets of warp yarns into a plain weave to create a solid back, while lifting the 2nd set of warp yarns by means of a hook to form a loop slightly higher than the backing weave. Sharp blade on the end of the wire slices the loop

A

velvet pile

100
Q

Same process with velvet pile but lifted yarns remain uncut.

A

Frise

101
Q

Decorative fabric made by weaving colored weft threads alternatively over and under the warp threads to form a pictorial or ornamental design

A

Tapestry

Materials Of Design And Decoration (1 decks)

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