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DT > Textiles > Flashcards

Textiles Flashcards

1
Q

What different things can a Smart fabric do?

A

React to light, heat and pressure

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2
Q

What are different examples of Smart Fabrics?

A

Thermochromic, photochromic, hydrochromic

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3
Q

What can be added to a fabric to make it a smart fabric?

A

Thermochromic (or photo/hydrochromic) paints or dyes

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4
Q

What is Speedo’s ‘Fastskin’ an example of?

A

Biomimicry, and a smart fabric (keeps you warm and cool)

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5
Q

When would one-off production be used?

A

Wedding dresses, custom-made pieces.

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6
Q

Which is the most expensive production method?

A

One-off production

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7
Q

Which is the least expensive production method?

A

Mass production

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8
Q

Why is one-off production so expensive?

A

It requires highly-skilled workers, who only make one garment at a time.

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9
Q

What can companies do to protect the environment when making a garment?

A

Avoid using chemicals, reduce consumption of materials, recycle materials, use biodegradable fabrics

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10
Q

What does an Eco-label show?

A

That a garment has been manufactured in such a way to save the environment.

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11
Q

What is a Cell Production system?

A

Where workers operate in mall teams, doing different jobs to lessen boredom of the job. (They must be highly skilled)

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12
Q

By European law, what must you put on a label?

A

What fibres the item is made from.

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13
Q

What can be put on a care label?

A

What the item is made from, wash instructions, dry cleaning instructions, bleaching and tumble-drying instructions, where then item was made

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14
Q

What does CAD stand for?

A

Computer Aided Design

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15
Q

What does CAD enable in creating a garment?

A

Accuracy, speed and innovation in design

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16
Q

When is mass production most suitable?

A

When products are produced in high volume

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17
Q

What is an example of a garment that would be made in mass?

A

School uniform, basic t-shirts, tights, socks, black trousers, basic cushions and throws

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18
Q

Why is mass production a cheap process?

A

Materials can be bought in large numbers and a large number of products can be made quickly.

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19
Q

What kind of shops use mass production of items?

A

Shops that have a large amount of stores or are international, such as Primark and Ikea

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20
Q

What does PDM stand for?

A

Product Data Management

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21
Q

What can PDM software do?

A

Costing of items, tracking materials and components before production starts.

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22
Q

How can ICT be used in production?

A

Testing parts of an item, PDM software, creating patterns using generation software, computerised lay plan, cutting out fabrics.

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23
Q

What are industrial sewing machines?

A

Machines that are specially designed to make it easier and more accurate to perform the same repetitive task.

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24
Q

What is one disadvantage of an industrial sewing machine?

A

Most machines are very specialised and can’t be used for more than one function; e.g- overlocker, buttonhole machine, bar-tack machine.

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25
Q

What is a blended yarn/fibre?

A

Fibres which are mixed together in order to improve their properties and to make them cheaper.

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26
Q

What is an example of a blended yarn/fibre?

A

Polycotton (polyester and cotton), Polyamide and Elastane

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27
Q

What is an example of a mixed yarn/fibre?

A

Doupion silk

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28
Q

What is the definition of sustainability?

A

When the environment is not harmed through the manufacture of products

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29
Q

What are sustainable resources?

A

Sustainable resources are those that can e re-places at the same rate as they are used up

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30
Q

What are the 6 R’s of sustainability?

A

Reduce Reuse Recycle Re-think Refuse Repair

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31
Q

What does organic mean?

A

No pesticides were used at all. (The ground must be pesticide-free for 3 years before it can be called organic) For example, organic cotton has been grown without using pesticides which may otherwise end up in water sources.

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32
Q

What does CAM stand for?

A

Computer Aided Manufacture

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33
Q

When is CAM used most often, and why?

A

On a large scale, as machinery can be very expensive

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34
Q

What is an example of a CAM machine?

A

Embroidery machine, 3D wax printer, laser cutter, milling machine, water jet cutter

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35
Q

What does CAM improve?

A

Speed, worker safety, cost and efficiency

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36
Q

In industry, what is used in place of a domestic sewing machine?

A

A high speed sewing machine, with overlockers to neaten raw edges.

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37
Q

In industry, what is used in place of scissors?

A

Band knife, cutting machine or laser cutter

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38
Q

In industry, what is used in place of pins?

A

Pins aren’t used- patterns are drawn around or a computer lay is used

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39
Q

In industry, what is used in place of a 3 or 4 thread overlocker?

A

The same, however it is much faster in industry and can sew the seam and trim fabric at the same time.

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40
Q

What is quality assurance?

A

Assuring the customer that at the product is the same every time it is made, and is made to the correct standards.

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41
Q

What different jobs are used in industry?

A

Designer, Quality Assurance, Quality Control, CAM, CAD

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42
Q

Outside of production, how else can ICT be used in the textiles industry?

A

Costing, deliveries, wages, emails, websites

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43
Q

What are the two types of knit?

A

Weft knit, and warp knit

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44
Q

Where is weft knit used?

A

All knitwear, such as jumpers.

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45
Q

Where is warp knit used?

A

Swimwear and high quality fashion and sportswear

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46
Q

What are the 4 different types of fabric finishes?

A

Physical, Chemical, Biological, Smart

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47
Q

What is a Physical fabric finish?

A

Brushing, calendaring, embossing, stonewashing

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48
Q

What is a Chemical fabric finish?

A

Waterproofing, flame retardant, bleaching

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49
Q

What is a Biological fabric finish?

A

Bio stoning, enzyme treatment

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50
Q

What is a Smart fabric finish?

A

Micro-encapsulation reacting to heat, light and pressure

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51
Q

Name some fabric techniques

A

Appliqué, Embroidery, Screen printing, Quilting, Patchwork, Beading, Stencil print, Batik

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52
Q

When is batch production used?

A

To manufacture a fixed number of products, or for seasonal goods

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53
Q

What type of company would use the batch production?

A

Small to medium companies, such as New Look, TopShop and M+S

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54
Q

Why would batch production be used in high street shops?

A

Fashion changes frequently, change in seasons.

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55
Q

What is Continual Flow production?

A

When production is non stop, machines work 24/7.

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56
Q

What is continual flow production used for?

A

Simple products like bandages

57
Q

How can quality be assured?

A

Through quality control checks.

58
Q

What is put in place in a production plan to see if a product is good enough?

A

Critical points- quality control checks.

59
Q

What does it mean if a product is graded ‘acceptable quality’ during production?

A

The product matches the specification

60
Q

What does it mean if a product is graded ‘rework’ during production?

A

The product does not meet the specification but can be redone. e.g.- a hem that can be re-machined.

61
Q

What does it mean if a product is graded ‘reject’ during production?

A

The product cannot be corrected. e.g.- the fabric is torn.

62
Q

What are 5 examples of natural fibres?

A

Wool Cotton Silk Linen Flax

63
Q

What are properties of natural (animal) fibres?

A

Absorbent, warm, not easy to care for, durable

64
Q

What are the 3 main characteristics of woven fabrics?

A

Fray, have a selvedge, do not stretch

65
Q

What type of weave is this?

A

Twill weave

66
Q

What is the name of the pink strands here?

A

Warp

67
Q

What is the name of the blue strands here?

A

Weft

68
Q

What is the part of this weave marked x?

A

Selvedge

69
Q

What is the name of this weave?

A

Plain-weave

70
Q

What is the name of this weave?

A

Satin weave

71
Q

What type of knit is this?

A

Weft knitted

72
Q

What type of knit is this?

A

Warp knit

73
Q

What is a bonded fibre fabric?

A

Bonded-fibre fabrics are made of synthetic fibres which have been bonded together using heat or adhesive.

74
Q

What type of seam would be most suitable for a fine fabric?

A

French Seam

75
Q

What type of seam would be most suitable for a heavy weight/denim garment?

A

Run and fell seam

76
Q

What type of seam is most suited for an over-locked edge?

A

Plain seam

77
Q

What are block patterns?

A
78
Q

What is one advantage of using block patterns?

A
79
Q

What happens to a product if it is found to be of poor quality during quality control checks?

A

It is either thrown away or sent back to be corrected, however this costs the factory extra money.

80
Q

When are quality control checks carried out?

A
81
Q

What is a staple yarn?

A
82
Q

What is a filament yarn?

A

Endless: all synthetic fibres and silk.

83
Q

What are the 3 main characteristic of knitted fabrics?

A

Don’t fray

Stretch

Do not crease

84
Q

What are properties of polyester?

A

very strong

very durable

high elasticity

good insulation

very cheap

easy to care for

crease resistant

85
Q

What are properties of cotton?

A

Durable

strong

not very elastic

absorbent

poor insulator

inexpensive

easy to care for

creases easily

86
Q

Name 4 examples of natural fibres

A
87
Q

Name 4 examples of synthetic fibres

A

Polyester

Polyamide

Elastane

Rayon

Lycra

88
Q

Name 2 examples of regenerated fibres

A

Viscose

Acetate

89
Q

Which synthetic fibres are commonly used in swimwear and sportswear?

A

Lycra

Nylon

90
Q

What is the process of making wool into a fabric?

A

Sourced from sheep,
the fibre is spun into yarns and put into rolls,

yarns are woven/knitted into fabrics,

a finish may also be applied to the fabric

91
Q

Name two examples of plant fibres

A

Linen

Cotton

92
Q

Name a few types of products made from linen

A

Tea towels, table cloths, summer clothing

93
Q

Name a few types of products made from cotton

A

Jeans, blouses, t-shirts, sheets, towels

94
Q

What is linen made from?

A

The inner bark of the flax plant

95
Q

Where does cotton grow?

A

In hot climates on bushes

96
Q

What are the names of the 2 types of man-made fabrics?

A

Synthetic and regenerated fibres

97
Q

What are the names of the 2 types of natural fabrics?

A

Animal and plant sources fibres

98
Q

What are disadvantages of wool?

A

Can shrink when washed, not as durable as other natural fibres such as silk and cotton

99
Q

What are disadvantages of silk?

A
100
Q

What is the definition of man-made fibres?

A

Come from natural products, which have gone through chemical processes.

101
Q

What are the properties of nylon?

A

Lightweight, strong, surable, resistant to damage, takes dye easily

102
Q

What types of fabric are plain weaved?

A

Gingham, calico, organza, taffeta

103
Q

What types of fabric are twill weaved?

A

Tartan, tweed, denim

104
Q

In terms of marketing and selling of products, what does PIP stand for?

A

What packaging does: (Protects, Informs, Promotes)

105
Q

How can products be advertised?

A

Magazines, radios, cinemas, television, posters, billboards, internet adverts

106
Q

What are the different types of fabric finishes?

A

Water repellent, stain resistance, crease resistance, flame retardant, shrink resistance, anti alergens

107
Q

Where are anti-alergens used?

A

Underwear

108
Q

Where are flame retardants used?

A

Flamable yarns and fabrics

109
Q

Specialist machines:

What does a spreading machine do?

A

Spreads fabric flat onto tables

110
Q

Specialist machines:

What does a vacuum table do?

A

Fabric is spread onto tables and the air sucked out to squash fabric together

111
Q

Specialist machines:

What does a die cutter do?

A

Similar to a biscuit cutter, metal shapes are pressed through layeres of fabric to cut out a product.

112
Q

Specialist machines:

What does a band saw do?

A

Cuts through many layers of fabric at a time.

113
Q

When operating a band saw, what must the person wear?

A

Chain gloves (to avoid them getting cut)

114
Q

Specialist machines:

What do computer driven knives/saws do?

A

Programmed to cut through fabric

115
Q

Specialist machines:

What does a hot notcher do?

A

Makes notches in the sied of a stack of cut out pattern pieces.

116
Q

In pattern pieces, what are notches used for?

A

Helping match up which pieces go together

117
Q

Specialist machines:

What does a thread marker do?

A

Shoots a bright thread though a stack of cut out pattern pieces. (Used in place of tailors tacks)

118
Q

What can be done to make a product cheaper?

A

Making in larger numbers

Using cheaper materials

Make the product smaller

Use less decoration

Change method of decoration

Have some parts manufactured abroad

119
Q

What are the processes involved in appliqué?

A

Pattern is applied to fabric by cutting out fabric and stitching onto the background

Edges of fabric are usually neatened with a satin stitch

Some fabrics (such as felt) do not need edges neatening as they dont fray, but satin stich may still be used for effect

120
Q

What does ‘fairtrade’ mean?

A

Workers are paid living wage and get paid for overtime, get paid bonuses when the company does well

121
Q

What does a Care label show?

A

How to care for a product (must include country of origin and fibre content)

122
Q

What does the BSI kitemark show?

A

A product has undergone and passed thorough testing, showing it is of high quality

123
Q

What is the CE mark?

A

European safety standard

124
Q

What does the CE mark show?

A

The product has undergone and passed tests, to show it is qualified for sale around Europe.

125
Q

What is the Lion mark?

A

Children’s safety standards

126
Q

What does the lion mark show?

A

A product is suitable for children

127
Q

What is this symbol?

A

BSI logo

128
Q

What is this symbol?

A

CE mark

129
Q

What is this symbol?

A

Lion mark

130
Q

What does this symbol mean?

A

Product can be bleached

131
Q

What does this symbol mean?

A

Do not dry clean

132
Q

What does this symbol mean?

A

Do not tumble dry

133
Q

What does this symbol mean?

A

Iron on a high heat

134
Q

What does this symbol mean?

A

Drip dry

135
Q

What does this symbol mean?

A

Dry flat

136
Q

What does this symbol mean?

A

Do not use steam iron

137
Q

What does this symbol mean?

A

Do not wring

138
Q

What does this symbol mean?

A

Hand wash

139
Q

What does this symbol mean?

A

Do not machine wash

DT (2 decks)

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