Textiles Flashcards
1
Q
What different things can a Smart fabric do?
A
React to light, heat and pressure
2
Q
What are different examples of Smart Fabrics?
A
Thermochromic, photochromic, hydrochromic
3
Q
What can be added to a fabric to make it a smart fabric?
A
Thermochromic (or photo/hydrochromic) paints or dyes
4
Q
What is Speedo’s ‘Fastskin’ an example of?
A
Biomimicry, and a smart fabric (keeps you warm and cool)
5
Q
When would one-off production be used?
A
Wedding dresses, custom-made pieces.
6
Q
Which is the most expensive production method?
A
One-off production
7
Q
Which is the least expensive production method?
A
Mass production
8
Q
Why is one-off production so expensive?
A
It requires highly-skilled workers, who only make one garment at a time.
9
Q
What can companies do to protect the environment when making a garment?
A
Avoid using chemicals, reduce consumption of materials, recycle materials, use biodegradable fabrics
10
Q
What does an Eco-label show?
A
That a garment has been manufactured in such a way to save the environment.
11
Q
What is a Cell Production system?
A
Where workers operate in mall teams, doing different jobs to lessen boredom of the job. (They must be highly skilled)
12
Q
By European law, what must you put on a label?
A
What fibres the item is made from.
13
Q
What can be put on a care label?
A
What the item is made from, wash instructions, dry cleaning instructions, bleaching and tumble-drying instructions, where then item was made
14
Q
What does CAD stand for?
A
Computer Aided Design
15
Q
What does CAD enable in creating a garment?
A
Accuracy, speed and innovation in design
16
Q
When is mass production most suitable?
A
When products are produced in high volume
17
Q
What is an example of a garment that would be made in mass?
A
School uniform, basic t-shirts, tights, socks, black trousers, basic cushions and throws
18
Q
Why is mass production a cheap process?
A
Materials can be bought in large numbers and a large number of products can be made quickly.
19
Q
What kind of shops use mass production of items?
A
Shops that have a large amount of stores or are international, such as Primark and Ikea
20
Q
What does PDM stand for?
A
Product Data Management
21
Q
What can PDM software do?
A
Costing of items, tracking materials and components before production starts.
22
Q
How can ICT be used in production?
A
Testing parts of an item, PDM software, creating patterns using generation software, computerised lay plan, cutting out fabrics.
23
Q
What are industrial sewing machines?
A
Machines that are specially designed to make it easier and more accurate to perform the same repetitive task.
24
Q
What is one disadvantage of an industrial sewing machine?
A
Most machines are very specialised and can’t be used for more than one function; e.g- overlocker, buttonhole machine, bar-tack machine.
25
What is a blended yarn/fibre?
Fibres which are mixed together in order to improve their properties and to make them cheaper.
26
What is an example of a blended yarn/fibre?
Polycotton (polyester and cotton), Polyamide and Elastane
27
What is an example of a mixed yarn/fibre?
Doupion silk
28
What is the definition of sustainability?
When the environment is not harmed through the manufacture of products
29
What are sustainable resources?
Sustainable resources are those that can e re-places at the same rate as they are used up
30
What are the 6 R's of sustainability?
Reduce Reuse Recycle Re-think Refuse Repair
31
What does organic mean?
No pesticides were used at all. (The ground must be pesticide-free for 3 years before it can be called organic) For example, organic cotton has been grown without using pesticides which may otherwise end up in water sources.
32
What does CAM stand for?
Computer Aided Manufacture
33
When is CAM used most often, and why?
On a large scale, as machinery can be very expensive
34
What is an example of a CAM machine?
Embroidery machine, 3D wax printer, laser cutter, milling machine, water jet cutter
35
What does CAM improve?
Speed, worker safety, cost and efficiency
36
In industry, what is used in place of a domestic sewing machine?
A high speed sewing machine, with overlockers to neaten raw edges.
37
In industry, what is used in place of scissors?
Band knife, cutting machine or laser cutter
38
In industry, what is used in place of pins?
Pins aren't used- patterns are drawn around or a computer lay is used
39
In industry, what is used in place of a 3 or 4 thread overlocker?
The same, however it is much faster in industry and can sew the seam and trim fabric at the same time.
40
What is quality assurance?
Assuring the customer that at the product is the same every time it is made, and is made to the correct standards.
41
What different jobs are used in industry?
Designer, Quality Assurance, Quality Control, CAM, CAD
42
Outside of production, how else can ICT be used in the textiles industry?
Costing, deliveries, wages, emails, websites
43
What are the two types of knit?
Weft knit, and warp knit
44
Where is weft knit used?
All knitwear, such as jumpers.
45
Where is warp knit used?
Swimwear and high quality fashion and sportswear
46
What are the 4 different types of fabric finishes?
Physical, Chemical, Biological, Smart
47
What is a Physical fabric finish?
Brushing, calendaring, embossing, stonewashing
48
What is a Chemical fabric finish?
Waterproofing, flame retardant, bleaching
49
What is a Biological fabric finish?
Bio stoning, enzyme treatment
50
What is a Smart fabric finish?
Micro-encapsulation reacting to heat, light and pressure
51
Name some fabric techniques
Appliqué, Embroidery, Screen printing, Quilting, Patchwork, Beading, Stencil print, Batik
52
When is batch production used?
To manufacture a fixed number of products, or for seasonal goods
53
What type of company would use the batch production?
Small to medium companies, such as New Look, TopShop and M+S
54
Why would batch production be used in high street shops?
Fashion changes frequently, change in seasons.
55
What is Continual Flow production?
When production is non stop, machines work 24/7.
56
What is continual flow production used for?
Simple products like bandages
57
How can quality be assured?
Through quality control checks.
58
What is put in place in a production plan to see if a product is good enough?
Critical points- quality control checks.
59
What does it mean if a product is graded 'acceptable quality' during production?
The product matches the specification
60
What does it mean if a product is graded 'rework' during production?
The product does not meet the specification but can be redone. e.g.- a hem that can be re-machined.
61
What does it mean if a product is graded 'reject' during production?
The product cannot be corrected. e.g.- the fabric is torn.
62
What are 5 examples of natural fibres?
Wool Cotton Silk Linen Flax
63
What are properties of natural (animal) fibres?
Absorbent, warm, not easy to care for, durable
64
What are the 3 main characteristics of woven fabrics?
Fray, have a selvedge, do not stretch
65
What type of weave is this?
Twill weave
66
What is the name of the pink strands here?
Warp
67
What is the name of the blue strands here?
Weft
68
What is the part of this weave marked x?
Selvedge
69
What is the name of this weave?
Plain-weave
70
What is the name of this weave?
Satin weave
71
What type of knit is this?
Weft knitted
72
What type of knit is this?
Warp knit
73
What is a bonded fibre fabric?
Bonded-fibre fabrics are made of synthetic fibres which have been bonded together using heat or adhesive.
74
What type of seam would be most suitable for a fine fabric?
French Seam
75
What type of seam would be most suitable for a heavy weight/denim garment?
Run and fell seam
76
What type of seam is most suited for an over-locked edge?
Plain seam
77
What are block patterns?
78
What is one advantage of using block patterns?
79
What happens to a product if it is found to be of poor quality during quality control checks?
It is either thrown away or sent back to be corrected, however this costs the factory extra money.
80
When are quality control checks carried out?
81
What is a staple yarn?
82
What is a filament yarn?
Endless: all synthetic fibres and silk.
83
What are the 3 main characteristic of knitted fabrics?
Don't fray
Stretch
Do not crease
84
What are properties of polyester?
very strong
very durable
high elasticity
good insulation
very cheap
easy to care for
crease resistant
85
What are properties of cotton?
Durable
strong
not very elastic
absorbent
poor insulator
inexpensive
easy to care for
creases easily
86
Name 4 examples of natural fibres
87
Name 4 examples of synthetic fibres
Polyester
Polyamide
Elastane
Rayon
Lycra
88
Name 2 examples of regenerated fibres
Viscose
Acetate
89
Which synthetic fibres are commonly used in swimwear and sportswear?
Lycra
Nylon
90
What is the process of making wool into a fabric?
Sourced from sheep,
the fibre is spun into yarns and put into rolls,
yarns are woven/knitted into fabrics,
a finish may also be applied to the fabric
91
Name two examples of plant fibres
Linen
Cotton
92
Name a few types of products made from linen
Tea towels, table cloths, summer clothing
93
Name a few types of products made from cotton
Jeans, blouses, t-shirts, sheets, towels
94
What is linen made from?
The inner bark of the flax plant
95
Where does cotton grow?
In hot climates on bushes
96
What are the names of the 2 types of man-made fabrics?
Synthetic and regenerated fibres
97
What are the names of the 2 types of natural fabrics?
Animal and plant sources fibres
98
What are disadvantages of wool?
Can shrink when washed, not as durable as other natural fibres such as silk and cotton
99
What are disadvantages of silk?
100
What is the definition of man-made fibres?
Come from natural products, which have gone through chemical processes.
101
What are the properties of nylon?
Lightweight, strong, surable, resistant to damage, takes dye easily
102
What types of fabric are plain weaved?
Gingham, calico, organza, taffeta
103
What types of fabric are twill weaved?
Tartan, tweed, denim
104
In terms of marketing and selling of products, what does PIP stand for?
What packaging does: (Protects, Informs, Promotes)
105
How can products be advertised?
Magazines, radios, cinemas, television, posters, billboards, internet adverts
106
What are the different types of fabric finishes?
Water repellent, stain resistance, crease resistance, flame retardant, shrink resistance, anti alergens
107
Where are anti-alergens used?
Underwear
108
Where are flame retardants used?
Flamable yarns and fabrics
109
Specialist machines:
What does a spreading machine do?
Spreads fabric flat onto tables
110
Specialist machines:
What does a vacuum table do?
Fabric is spread onto tables and the air sucked out to squash fabric together
111
Specialist machines:
What does a die cutter do?
Similar to a biscuit cutter, metal shapes are pressed through layeres of fabric to cut out a product.
112
Specialist machines:
What does a band saw do?
Cuts through many layers of fabric at a time.
113
When operating a band saw, what must the person wear?
Chain gloves (to avoid them getting cut)
114
Specialist machines:
What do computer driven knives/saws do?
Programmed to cut through fabric
115
Specialist machines:
What does a hot notcher do?
Makes notches in the sied of a stack of cut out pattern pieces.
116
In pattern pieces, what are notches used for?
Helping match up which pieces go together
117
Specialist machines:
What does a thread marker do?
Shoots a bright thread though a stack of cut out pattern pieces. (Used in place of tailors tacks)
118
What can be done to make a product cheaper?
Making in larger numbers
Using cheaper materials
Make the product smaller
Use less decoration
Change method of decoration
Have some parts manufactured abroad
119
What are the processes involved in appliqué?
Pattern is applied to fabric by cutting out fabric and stitching onto the background
Edges of fabric are usually neatened with a satin stitch
Some fabrics (such as felt) do not need edges neatening as they dont fray, but satin stich may still be used for effect
120
What does 'fairtrade' mean?
Workers are paid living wage and get paid for overtime, get paid bonuses when the company does well
121
What does a Care label show?
How to care for a product (must include country of origin and fibre content)
122
What does the BSI kitemark show?
A product has undergone and passed thorough testing, showing it is of high quality
123
What is the CE mark?
European safety standard
124
What does the CE mark show?
The product has undergone and passed tests, to show it is qualified for sale around Europe.
125
What is the Lion mark?
Children's safety standards
126
What does the lion mark show?
A product is suitable for children
127
What is this symbol?
BSI logo
128
What is this symbol?
CE mark
129
What is this symbol?
Lion mark
130
What does this symbol mean?
Product can be bleached
131
What does this symbol mean?
Do not dry clean
132
What does this symbol mean?
Do not tumble dry
133
What does this symbol mean?
Iron on a high heat
134
What does this symbol mean?
Drip dry
135
What does this symbol mean?
Dry flat
136
What does this symbol mean?
Do not use steam iron
137
What does this symbol mean?
Do not wring
138
What does this symbol mean?
Hand wash
139
What does this symbol mean?
Do not machine wash
