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Biological Oceanography > Textbook learning: Mann & Lazier, Miller > Flashcards

Textbook learning: Mann & Lazier, Miller Flashcards

1
Q

Brownian motion

A

Particles undergo random walk. Is one mechanism causing aggregation of particles.

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2
Q

Effect of turbulence on predator and prey interactions?

A

Increases rate of interaction between predator and prey

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3
Q

Gross versus net primary production?

A

Gross PP is total; net is total minus respiration. Net production is available to herbivores

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4
Q

Total carbon dioxide in all three forms in oceanic water? per liter

A

90 mg CO2 l-1

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5
Q

dominant pigments in phytoplankton

A

chlorphyll a. but chlorophylls b, c, and d plus accessory pigments (carotenes, xanthophylls, phycobilins) are also present. Note: accessory pigments often dominate over the green color of chlorophyll, resulting in brown, golden, or red

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6
Q

accessory pigments to chlorophyll used in photosynthesis

A

carotenes, xanthophylls, phycobilins

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7
Q

wavelength within which all photosynthetically active pigments absorb light

A

400-700 nm (PAR)

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8
Q

maximum absorption of chl.a occurs in which wavelengths (and color) ranges?

A

red (650-700 nm), and

blue-violet (450 nm)

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9
Q

light reactions - photosynthesis

A

pigments abosrb light
electron inthe pigments acquire a higher E level
e from electrons tranfered to rxns in which ADP is changed to ATP, forming NADPH2

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10
Q

dark reactions - photosynthesis

A

reduction of CO2 by NADPH2
requires ATP to prod the end prod of high E carbonhydrates - usaully polysaccharides - and org cmpound eg lipids
reduction of NO3 yeilds amino acids and proteins

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11
Q

calculation to measure primary prod using 14C incubation

and units

A

rate of prod = ((Rl-RD) * W)
(R x t)
units= new C mg fixed per m-3 per h-1

R = total radioactivity
t = hrs
RL is radioactive ount inthe "light"
Rd is radioactive count in the "dark"
W = weight of all forms of CO2 in the sample, mg C m-3 determined independently
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12
Q

Percentage breakdown of DIC allotment

And take home point

A

H2CO3: 1%
CO3: 10%
HCO3: 90%

ref: class notes (note - this is approximate, hence the 101%)
take home point: RuBP requires CO2; hence CO2 can actually be limiting! Hence CCMs!
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13
Q

Average [CO2] in oceanic waters:

Total DIC and CO2

A

DIC: 2.3 mM
CO2: 20 µM

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14
Q

[H2CO3] aqueous CO2 concetration in seawater

A

CO2: 20 µM

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15
Q

[DIC]total in seawater

A

2.3 mM

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16
Q

Essential function of the CCM

A

speeds up equilibrium reaction:

CO2 HCO3

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17
Q 
Maybe: photorespiration?
BUT, possibly, photorespi could protect vs light-inflected damage to the cell.... (ref: class notes, p 17)
A

Intermediate products of dark reaction are photolabile, break down under intense light, and cannot be returned to the photosynthetic pathway. Incr of this process decreases overall rate of photosynth.

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18
Q

Michelis Mentin kinetics

A

V = (Vmax * S) / (Ks + S)

Ks = substrate quantity at which rate = 50% of max...?
S = substrate
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19
Q

Observations on Michelis Mentin curve

A

1) more substrate = higher rate initially

2) then, flattens out at Vmax

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20
Q

rate of prod = ((Rl-RD) * W)

(R x t)

A

reaction that describes new C acquisition i.e. primary productivity! 14C incubations…

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21
Q

imagine the curve of the response of photosynthesis (P) to changes in light intensity. What is the point called where respiration (R) balances the amount of photosynthesis?

A 
compensation point
(occurs at "I sub c", Ic, light intensity)
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22
Q

compensation point (photosynthesis)

A

in the curve of the response of photosynthesis (P) to changes in light intensity. What is the point called where respiration (R) balances the amount of photosynthesis

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23
Q

average amount of light in the euphotic zone

A

ID = (I0/kD) x (1-e^-kD)

where I0 is surface radiation
k is extinction (of light) coefficient
D = depth over which the light is averaged

p 52 Miller text

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24
Q

Equation describing how the E of protons varies with pigments!

A

E = hc/v

Red = shorter wv
and higher E

Longer wavelengths have less E

25
Q

Percent of light attenuated per meter!

A

60% per meter

26
Q

How to calculate depth at which you have 1% of light? *** still to finish
p 11 of black notebook

A

*** still to finish

p 11 of black notebook

27
Q

Low angle of incidence (of light to the ocean) results in greater or lesser reflection?

A

Greater

28
Q

Latitude above which you get ice seasonally

A

60 degrees

29
Q

Tradewinds latitude and direction?

A

30 degrees to 0 degrees, N and S.

30
Q

Geostrophic current

A

water mass in direction of wind

31
Q

PAR

A

photosynthetically active radiation

32
Q

C3 pathway

A

Pathway in which the first molecule reslting from C fixation is a 3-Carbon chain. Note, = the Calvin Benson Cycle. Output is also a 3-C sugar. Pathways used by phytoplankton.

33
Q

C4 pathway

A

*** still to finish

p 11 of black notebook

34
Q

Compensation intensity

A

light at which respiration and photosynthetic production = 0, i.e., net production = 0

35
Q

Pmax in “P vs. I curves”?

A

maximum rate of photosynth in light intensity response curves

36
Q

“P vs I curve” =

A

light intensity response curves

37
Q

Beer’s Law

A

Law dictating exponential decrease in irradiance with depth

IZ = I0e^(-kZ)

(note, those are uppercase “i”s not Ls). = depth

38
Q

Redfield ratio

A

1:15.5:108

39
Q

Why nitrogen?

A

The oxidation state of this atom provides clues as to the recent biological transformations that have occurred.
Constituent of: proteins, nucleic acids, enzyme co factors, and at least one key marine carbohydrate, chitin.

40
Q

The oxidation state of this atom provides clues as to the recent biological transformations that have occurred.
Constituent of: proteins, nucleic acids, enzyme co factors, and at least one key marine carbohydrate, chitin.

A

NITROGEN!

41
Q

Average concentration of ammonia and urea in oceans

A

rarely exceeds 0.5 uM

42
Q

rarely exceeds 0.5 uM

A

Average concentration of ammonia and urea in oceans

43
Q

Eppley (1975) temperature dependence of phyto growth, expression =

A

Vmax = 0.85e^(0.063T)

Arrhenius has a lower line…
Miller textbook, p 67

44
Q

Vmax=

A

nutrient- and light-saturated growth.

45
Q

Chlorophyll shows ___ (color) fluorescence in ____ (color) illumination using a fluoremeter

A

shows red fluorescence in blue illumination! see p 8 of miller text for diagram

46
Q

Critical Depth

A

as defined by Svedrop, 1953: depth at which vertically integrated respiration = vertically integrated production. Mixed layer depth, MLD, must = CD for bloom initiation….
NOTE: Compensation irradiance, IC, = depth at which daily resp = daily prod. NOTE, if need eq for Critical Depth see Henson 2006 or Svedrop

47
Q

Estimated primary production at Georges Bank

A

Note: this is N-P-Z model result. 4 g C m-2 d-1 (Franks & Chen 2001). p 235 Mann/Lazier

48
Q

Percentage of global export production resulting from open ocean gyres?

A

70% (Karl et al, 1996)

49
Q

Typical chl.a concentration (integrated over euphotic zone) in oligotrophic regions?

A

20 - 30 mg m-2 (Maranon et al., 2001).

Compared to 50-60 mg m-2 in upwelling regions on the transect

50
Q

Dismutation

A

a process of simultaneous oxidation and reduction—used especially of compounds taking part in biological processes

51
Q

Average depth of the ocean

A

4800 m

52
Q

Surface area of the ocean

A

361e12 m^2

53
Q

Volume of the ocean

A

Volume ocean = (Area of ocean)*(ave depth of ocean) *100^3/1000
= 1.3718e+21 L as in liters
(from Higgins’ box model!)

54
Q

VERTEX-derived Martin Curve equation

A

Flux = Fz = F100(z/100)^b

REF: Martin et al 1987 VERTEX paper

55
Q

One mole of any gas at STP, volume =?

A

= 22.4L

56
Q

Georges Bank is among the highest of any region in the world’s oceans, with annual production exceeding _____ g C m-2 yr-1

A

450 g C m-2 year in the central portion (O’Reilly et al, 1987).

57
Q

Winter nitrate uM at Georges Bank

A

winter values of ~7 u.M NO3 (O’Reilly et al 1987)

58
Q

What is meant by “ecosystem functioning”?

A

collective term for biogeochemical and biotic processes operating in an ecosystem… jess words: biogeochemical and biotic processes operating in and shaping an ecosystem

Biological Oceanography (4 decks)

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