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EMPIRE EGYPT > Textbook Info > Flashcards

Textbook Info Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Suez Canal open?

A

1869

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2
Q

When did Disraeli acquire shares in the Suez Canal?

A

1874

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3
Q

How much did Disraeli borrow from the Rothchilds?

A

£4,000,000

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4
Q

What % of shares did Disraeli acquire?

A

45%

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5
Q

When did Britain and France establish In 1878?

A

Dual Control of Egypt

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6
Q

Why did Britain fear the collapse of the Ottoman Empire?

A

Feared other European powers would benefit and gain territory from the collapse

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7
Q

How much did Egypt’s foreign debt increase by between 1863 to 1870?

A

£3 million to £100 million

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8
Q

When did the khedive become bankrupt?

A

1876

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9
Q

As a part of Dual Control what did the British and French force the khedive to do?

A

Introduce financial reforms:
- cut the pay of the army
- introduce taxes in food and goods
(increase revenue)

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10
Q

Who replaced Ismail as the khedive?

A

Tewfik Pasha

More willing to compromise with the British

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11
Q

Who was the Arabi Pasha?

A

Nationalist Egyptian army officer

Led a protest group against Tewfik and Anglo-French interference

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12
Q

What did Arabi Pasha protest against in 1876?

A

Army pay

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13
Q

What did Arabi Pasha form?

A

1879 Egyptian Nationalist Party

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14
Q

Who did Arabi Pasha gain support from?

A

Army
Bourgeoisie
Fellahin (peasant community)

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15
Q

What did Arabi Pasha lead in 1779?

A

A coup

In response to the dismissal of 2,500 army offices and the halving of the remaining’s pay

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16
Q

What did Arabi Pasha’s coup result in?

A

Forcing the khedive to appoint a nationalist ministry

17
Q

STRATEGICALLY why did Britain intervene in Egypt pre 1882?

A

Protect the route to India through the Suez Canal

80% of shipping passing through the Suez Canal was British

18
Q

TRADE WISE why did Britain intervene in Egypt pre 1882?

A

Egypt provided a growing market for exports

The khedive railway and harbour building projects attracted British businessmen

By 1880, Britain purchased 80% of Egypt’s exports

Britain supplied 44% of Egypt’s imports

Britain purchased Egyptian cotton during the American Cicil War (stopped when war was over - damaged Egypt’s economy further)

19
Q

FINANCIALLY why did Britain intervene in Egypt?

A

British bond-holders were vulnerable if Egypt did not pay its debts

Ensured Egypt would contain to repay the loans granted by Britain as part of their Dual Control

20
Q

When did radical Mahdi forces arise in the Sudan?

A

1881

Governors after Gordon failed so they arose

21
Q

When was Gordon dispatched to evacuate garrisons in the Sudan?

A

1884

22
Q

When does Baring arrive in Egypt?

A

1883

23
Q

What does Baring arrive in Egypt as?

A

Consul General

24
Q

When is General Gordon besieged in Khartoum?

A

1885

25
Q

How much did Arabi Oasha barrow from the Rothchilds to prevent further cuts?

A

£400,000

26
Q

How much of Gladstone’s personal fortune was invested in Egyptian loans?

A

37%

27
Q

What moral reason did the British claim to be in Egypt?

A

To protect European loss of life from further anti-Christian riots

28
Q

What happened during the anti-Christian riot in Alexandria in 1882?

A

Had a population of 232,000
Every 1/5th person was European

Riots quickly escalated after a donkey dispute

50 Europeans killed
250 Egyptians killed

29
Q

When did the French and British issue the Gambetta Note?

A

1882

30
Q

What was the Gambetta Note?

A

A diplomatic note stating that the two powers regarded the maintenance of the khedive power as a priority in ensuring Egypts prosperity

It intended to warn nationalist under Arabi Pasha

31
Q

How did Arabi Pasha and nationalists respond to the Gambetta Note?

A

Threatened to dispose the khedive

32
Q

What actions did French and British take after the Gambetta Note?

A

Surrounded Alexandra where Arabi Pasha had seized co troops

British warships begin a bombardment of Alexandria

33
Q

What are the results of the bombardment of Alexandria?

A

Arabi Pasha is defeated at Tel el-Kevin, arrested and exiled to Ceylon

2,000 Egyptian casualties
57 British

34
Q

When is Tewfik Pasha restored as the khedive?

A

After the defeat of Arabi Pasha and the bombardment of Alexandria

35
Q

What two reason were there for France’s withdrawal from bombarding Alexandria?

A

Bismarck changed Germany’s position on Egypt which France could not refuse after previous defeat

Gambetta fell from power and Freycinet replaced him - he refused to support Britain’s military intervention

36
Q

What happened in 1882?

A 
Gambetta Note 
Arabi Pasha controls Alexandria
Anti-Christian riots in Alexandria 
British bombardment of Alexandria  
Arabi Oasha is defeated at Tel el-Kebir and exiled
37
Q

What factors were there for British intervention in Egypt pre 1882?

A

Strategic (Suez Canal)
Financial (bond holders)
Trade (exports, imports and cotton)
People

EMPIRE EGYPT (3 decks)

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