textbook Ch 5

Question 1

Terra Nullius

Answer 1

a Latin expression meaning “nobody’s land” or “land belongs to nobody”

Question 2

First Nations people

Answer 2

Aboriginal and Torres strait islander Australians also referred to as indigenous people.

Question 3

Fire Stick Farming

Answer 3

regularly burning vegetation to facilitate hunting and to change the plants and animal species in an area.

Question 4

Aboriginal Victorians

Answer 4

indigenous people who inhabited Victoria prior to European settlement.

Question 5

Native foods

Answer 5

food that are native to Australia they include animals, birds, fish, seafood, reptiles, insects, fruits, flowers, veg, mushrooms, herbs and spices.

Question 6

Describe the term terra nullius and explain why this was an illegitimate claim

Answer 6

In 1770 captain James’s cook landed in Botany Bay, home of the Eora people, and possession of the east coast of Australia.
Indigenous Australians did engage in farming, built sutures and had territorial boundaries – they just used different methods to the Europeans.

Question 7

Hunter gathers

Answer 7

they way of living that involve hunting wild animals and gathering plants and insects

Question 8

Boomerangers

Answer 8

The Boomerangs distinctive sound and remarkable return flight has made it famous throughout the world.
Used for hunting and killing small animals.
Heavy boomerangs were used in the desert to hunt kangaroos.
create a forward force by spinning the blades, which are just little wings, through the air

Question 9

Spears and spear throwers

Answer 9

Spear throwing device sued leverage to enable man to throw their 3 times further. Typically, the womera was made by shaping a piece of hardwood into a long, thin handle and attaching a stone to the base to hold a spear end in place

Question 10

Animal and plant food available for consumption by Indigenous Australians.

Answer 10

Kangaroos, emus, possums, goannas, turtles, shellfish fish, kangaroo apple, bush tomato, quandong, macadamia nut and warrigal greens

Question 11

Agriculture

Answer 11

refers to the practices of cultivating lan, growing crops and feeding, breeding and raising livestock

Question 12

Cattle feedlot

Answer 12

Feedlots are the final stage of cattle production. They provide a confined area for feeding steers and heifers a mix of grain, silage, hay, and protein supplement. The goal is to produce beef that will meet the USDA quality grade Select or better for the slaughter market.

Question 13

Food processing

Answer 13

in the transformation of raw food or ingredients into new food products by physical or chemical means.

Question 14

Horticulture

Answer 14

is the cultivation and management of a garden or orchard. (Hortus meaning garden and culture meaning cultivation eg, fruit, veg).

Question 15

Mixed farming

Answer 15

grazing sheep and cattle or raising pigs, as well as broadacre farming of cereal grains.

The cultivation of crops alongside the rearing of animals for meat or eggs or milk defines mixed farming.

Question 16

Canning - what is it

Answer 16

Foods could be grown canning purposes and excess fruits and vegetables that would otherwise have been wasted can be turned into new canned food products. This resulted in an increase in product range, a reduction in food waste and a new way to preserve foods.

Question 17

Canning - How has it developed since it was first introduced in Australia

Answer 17

The industry provided the growing population of Australia with a range of food products that could easily be transported across long distances without the risk of spoilage.
The Australian canned food industry expanded rapidly during both World Wars as goods were sent overseas for troops. SPC, one of Australia’s oldest food manufacturers, was established in 1918.

Question 18

Canning - What are the benefits of this food processing method

Answer 18

The preserved food products were also sent overseas, and by 1870 the industry had grown substantially, with over a million kilograms of canned meat, fruit and vegetables being exported each year

Question 19

Pasteurisation - What is it

Answer 19

The partial sterilization of a product such as milk or wine to make it safe for consumption and improve its keeping quality

Question 20

Pasteursation - How has it developed since it was first introduced in Australia

Answer 20

1925: Melbourne food processor obtained the rights from American company Kraft to manufacture other processed cheeses in Australia.
1950: Devondale Murray Goulburn established by a group of dairy farmers who combined their efforts to seek better prices for their milk.
1951: Devondale Murray Goulburn opened its first cooperative factory in Cobram in Victoria.

Question 21

Discuss the factors influencing the development of the production and manufacture of the Dairy Industry in Australia.

Answer 21

Began with just 7 dairy cows and 2 bulls on the First fleet in 1788.

These animals later escaped and were re-captured 6 years later, where their numbers had increased to 61, becoming the basis of the first herd of Australian dairy cattle

Question 22

Discuss the factors influencing the development of the production and manufacture of the Horticulture Industry.

Citrus Fruit and Vegetables

Answer 22

Vegetables
Early settlement faced challenges due to unsuitable soil around Sydney for large-scale farming. In the 1850s, Chinese market gardens emerged during the Gold Rush, providing food, but many moved to Victoria’s Mallee and Wimmera regions after the rush waned. From the 1860s to 1890s, Chinese gardeners thrived, supplying fresh produce. By 1900-1920, most vegetables in WA came from Chinese market gardens. Later, Chinese gardens expanded to Melbourne’s Merri Creek, Brighton, and Caulfield areas.

Citrus Fruit
1788 - Citrus production began with the First Fleet who brought seeds of limes, oranges and lemons (collected from Brazil). The Australian climate is ideal for growing citrus fruits!
1887- Farmers from California migrated to Mildura and imported the Valencia and Washington Navel varieties. This developed citrus industry in Murray Valley
Today - Citrus producing regions extend all across from South- Aus border to Wangaratta