Textbook

Question 1

What is health according to the WHO?

Answer 1

Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Question 2

What is wellness?

Answer 2

Wellness is a purposeful, enjoyable lifestyle focused on personal responsibility and continuous growth in health, including physical, emotional, and social aspects.

Question 3

What are the 7 Dimensions of Health?

Answer 3

Physical, Psychological, Social, Spiritual, Intellectual, Environmental, and Occupational/Financial Health.

Question 4

Describe Physical Health.

Answer 4

It involves maintaining a healthy body through nutrition, exercise, and avoiding harmful behaviors to ensure energy and vitality.

Question 5

What does Psychological Health entail?

Answer 5

Psychological health encompasses emotional and mental well-being, managing stress, enjoying life, and maintaining positive relationships.

Question 6

Define Social Health.

Answer 6

Social health is the ability to build and maintain satisfying relationships and interact harmoniously with others.

Question 7

Explain Spiritual Health.

Answer 7

Spiritual health involves finding purpose, meaning, and a sense of connection, often through values, ethics, or beliefs.

Question 8

What is Intellectual Health?

Answer 8

Intellectual health involves engaging in mentally stimulating activities, lifelong learning, and problem-solving skills.

Question 9

Describe Environmental Health.

Answer 9

Environmental health includes living in harmony with the environment, minimizing harm, and promoting sustainable practices.

Question 10

What is Occupational and Financial Health?

Answer 10

It refers to job satisfaction, work-life balance, financial responsibility, and managing money to reduce stress.

Question 11

What is the purpose of Healthy People 2020?

Answer 11

To promote health and prevent disease through national objectives aimed at improving overall health, reducing disparities, and promoting healthy behaviors across life stages. To promote health and prevent disease through national objectives aimed at improving overall health, reducing disparities, and promoting healthy behaviors across life stages.

Question 12

What are health disparities?

Answer 12

Differences in health outcomes across different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups, often due to genetic, social, and environmental factors.

Question 13

What is self-efficacy?

Answer 13

Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to successfully change or achieve goals.

Question 14

What is locus of control?

Answer 14

Locus of control is the extent to which individuals believe they have control over the events that affect their lives.

Question 15

Describe Internal Locus of Control.

Answer 15

People with an internal locus of control believe they have the power to shape their health and life outcomes through their actions.

Question 16

What is External Locus of Control?

Answer 16

Individuals with an external locus of control feel that their health and life outcomes are shaped by external factors beyond their control.

Question 17

What are the 6 stages of the Transtheoretical Model of Change?

Answer 17

Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination.

Question 18

Define Precontemplation in the Stages of Change model.

Answer 18

In precontemplation, the individual has no intention of changing behavior and may be unaware of the problem.

Question 19

Describe the Preparation stage in the Stages of Change model.

Answer 19

The individual makes a plan for change, gathers resources, and sets realistic goals.

Question 20

What happens in the Contemplation stage of change?

Answer 20

The person begins to recognize the need for change but hasn’t taken any action yet; they may feel ambivalent.

Question 21

What is involved in the Action stage of change?

Answer 21

Actively modifying behavior and implementing change, such as exercising regularly or quitting smoking.

Question 22

What is the Termination stage in the Stages of Change model?

Answer 22

The change is fully integrated, and the individual no longer feels tempted to return to the old behavior.

Question 23

Explain the Maintenance stage of the Stages of Change model.

Answer 23

Sustaining the behavior change over time, avoiding relapse, and continuing the healthy habits established.

Question 24

What strategies support behavior change?

Answer 24

Self-Evaluation, Commitment, Rewards, Environmental Control, and Helping Relationships.

Question 25

How does Self-Evaluation help in behavior change?

Answer 25

Reflecting on personal goals and motivations helps solidify the desire for change and aligns actions with values.

Question 26

What is the purpose of Environmental Control in behavior change?

Answer 26

Restructuring one’s environment to reduce exposure to temptations or unhealthy choices.

Question 27

How do Helping Relationships aid in changing behavior?

Answer 27

Support from friends, family, or counselors provides encouragement, understanding, and accountability.

Question 28

List some practical health tips provided in the chapter.

Answer 28

Eat more fruits and vegetables, get enough sleep, manage stress, stay hydrated, and avoid risky behaviors.

Question 29

What is the purpose of the Self-Survey on health control in the chapter?

Answer 29

To help readers assess their own locus of control and gain insight into whether they view health as within or outside their control.

Question 30

Why is it important to have an Internal Locus of Control for health?

Answer 30

Individuals with an internal locus are more likely to take proactive steps to improve and maintain their health.

Question 31

How do racial and ethnic differences impact health?

Answer 31

`Certain populations face higher risks for specific diseases due to a combination of genetic, social, and environmental factors.

Question 32

What are some key health challenges in the United States today?

Answer 32

High rates of chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease, often linked to poor lifestyle choices.

Question 33

What is the main goal of the Healthy People 2020 initiative?

Answer 33

To create a healthier nation by reducing preventable diseases and promoting well-being across all life stages.

Question 34

What are some examples of psychological strategies for behavior change?

Answer 34

Goal setting, self-affirmation, reward systems, and seeking social support.

Question 35

What is the difference between Internal and External Locus of Control?

Answer 35

Internal locus of control means believing in personal control over life events; external locus relies on outside factors.

Question 36

What is the significance of self-efficacy in health behavior change?

Answer 36

Higher self-efficacy increases confidence in one’s ability to make and sustain positive health changes.

Question 37

What do the terms “health disparities” and “health equity” mean?

Answer 37

Health disparities refer to differences in health outcomes across groups, while health equity aims to eliminate these gaps.

Question 37

How can maintaining good social health benefit overall wellness?

Answer 37

Positive relationships provide emotional support, reduce stress, and contribute to a sense of belonging.

Question 38

Why is sleep important for health?

Answer 38

Adequate sleep supports physical health, cognitive function, emotional well-being, and overall resilience.

Question 39

What are some barriers to health for racial and ethnic minorities?

Answer 39

Barriers include limited access to healthcare, socioeconomic challenges, and higher exposure to health risks.

Question 40

What does the “Precontemplation” stage look like?

Answer 40

The person has no intention to change and may not recognize or acknowledge the health issue.

Question 41

What role does “Commitment” play in behavior change?

Answer 41

Publicly committing to a goal adds accountability and reinforces the individual’s dedication to change.