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ANAT1005 > Text Questions > Flashcards

Text Questions Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves?

A

12

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2
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

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3
Q

What is the forebrain called? What is it composed of?

A

Prosencephalon

  • Cerebrum
  • Diencephalon
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4
Q

What is the midbrain called?

A

Mesencephalon

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5
Q

What is the hindbrain called? What is it composed of?

A

Rhombencephalon
-Medulla oblongata
Pons
Cerebellum

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6
Q

What is tectum?

A

Visual and auditory processing

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7
Q

What is the reflex to visual stimuli in the midbrain via?

A

The superior colliculus

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8
Q

What is the reflex to auditory stimuli in the midbrain via?

A

The inferior colliculus

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9
Q

What is tegmentum?

A

Subconscious control of upper limb position and muscle tone

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10
Q

What is the pons?

A

The bridge linking the cerebellum with the mesencephalon, diencephalon, cerebrum and spinal cord

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11
Q

What nuclei of cranial nerves are on the pons?

A

V, VI, VII and VIII

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12
Q

What cell does myelination in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

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13
Q

Are unmyelinated axons still encased by Schwann cells?

A

Yes, but only a single cell membrane layer

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14
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

The area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

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15
Q

How do dermatomes spiral down the limb during foetal development?

A

The dramatic medial rotation of the lower limbs during the 6th to 8th week causes the mature dermatomes to spiral down the limb.

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16
Q

What is the space located between the sternum, spine, lungs and diaphragm?

A

The mediastinum

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17
Q

How many layers of pericardium?

A

Three

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18
Q

Two main types of pericardium?

A

Fibrous and serous

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19
Q

Two types of serous pericardium?

A 
Parietal layer - outer
Visceral layer (epicardium)
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20
Q

What is the fluid between the two layers of the pericardium called?

A

The pericardial cavity

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21
Q

Three layers of the heart? Which one is the contractile layer?

A

Epicardium
Myocardium - contractile
Endocardium (deep)

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22
Q

What is the endocardium of the heart comprised of?

A

Sheet of simple squamous epithelium on a thin layer of connective tissue (lines chambers and valves)

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23
Q

What are cardiac cells interconnected at? What type of junctions are they?

A

Junctions called intercalated discs

  • Gap junctions
  • Desmosomes
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24
Q

What are atria of the heart separated by?

A

The inter-atrial septa

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25
Q

What are ventricles of the heart separated by?

A

The inter-ventricular septa

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26
Q

What type of tissue is the septa’s’ of the heart?

A

Fibrous

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27
Q

What are the valves of the heart attached to?

A

Chordae Tendineae

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28
Q

Three main vessels the right atrium receives from?

A

Super vena cava, inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus

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29
Q

What is the enclosed hole between the two artias?

A

Fossa ovalis

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30
Q

What are pectinate muscles?

A

The pectinate muscles (musculi pectinati) are parallel ridges in the walls of the atria of the heart. They are so-called because of their resemblance to the teeth of a comb as in pecten.

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31
Q

What layer of heart tissue is fat depot in?

A

Epicardium

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32
Q

Which groove is the coronary sinus, great and small cardiac veins in?

A

The coronary (atrioventricular) groove

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33
Q

What groove is the middle cardiac vein in?

A

The posterior inter-ventricular groove

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34
Q

What part of the heart does the great cardiac vein drain?

A

Primarily the left atrial and ventricle

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35
Q

What part of the heart does the small cardiac vein drain?

A

The right atrium and ventricle

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36
Q

What part of the heart does the middle cardiac vein drain?

A

The inter-ventricular septum

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37
Q

What occurs when chaotic atrial contractions are at faster rates than the ventricles?

A

Atrial fibrillation

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38
Q

What is atrial fibrillation caused by?

A

Extra electrical impulses disrupting SA node activity

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39
Q

First organ to fully develop in the embryo?

A

The heart

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40
Q

Three layers of blood vessel walls?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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41
Q

What is tunica intima?

A

Inner simple squamous epithelium forming smooth surface of lumen

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42
Q

What is tunica media?

A

Middle, circularly arranged smooth muscle cells. Responsible for changing vessel diameter. Thickest layer.

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43
Q

What is tunica externa?

A

Outer protective connective tissue layer, strengthens and anchors

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44
Q

Order of arteries blood flow?

A

Blood travels from elastic arteries to muscular arteries to arterioles

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45
Q

What are elastic artery characteristics?

A

Large
Low resistances
High in elastin (tunica media)

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46
Q

What are muscular artery characteristics?

A

Distal
Supplies organs
Tunica media is thicker relative to lumen
smooth muscle sandwiched between 2 elastin layers
Muscular layer regulates blood flow to organ

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47
Q

What are arteriole characteristics?

A

Small
Thin tunica media
Contraction/relaxation regulated via local signals or sympathetic nervous system

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48
Q

Three types of capillaries?

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoid

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49
Q

What are continuous capillaries?

A

Most common

Least permeable

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50
Q

What are fenestrated capillaries?

A

Have pores for high exchange rate

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51
Q

What are sinusoid capillaries?

A

Very leaky for high exchange of large molecules

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52
Q

What percentage of blood do all veins carry?

A

65%

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53
Q

Difference between muscle layers of veins vs arteries?

A

Larger lumen
Thicker tunica externa than media
Less elastin
Thinner walls

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54
Q

Two main branches off the ascending aorta?

A

Right and left coronary artery

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55
Q

What do branches of the thoracic aorta serve?

A

Pericardium
Lungs/bronchi
Oesophagus
NOT the heart!

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56
Q

What are the anterior thoracic and upper abdominal wall supplied by?

A

Branches of the subclavian arteries:

The internal thoracic arteries

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57
Q

What three unpaired arteries supply the GI tract and spleen?

A

Celiac artery

Super and inferior mesenteric artery

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58
Q

Three paired arteries of the abdominal wall?

A

Supra-renal arteries
Renal arteries
Gonadal arteries

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59
Q

What does the superior vena cava receive blood from?

A

Everything superior to the diaphragm except for the lungs and heart), and drains into the right atrium

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60
Q

What does the inferior vena cava receive blood from?

A

Everything inferior to the diaphragm

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61
Q

What vessel receives blood from the heart?

A

The coronary sinus

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62
Q

Three main veins of the head and neck?

A

Internal jugular
External jugular
Vertebral veins

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63
Q

What does the internal jugular receive blood from?

A

The dural venous sinuses (and most of brain)

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64
Q

What does the external jugular receive blood from?

A

From the posterior and lateral scalp, along with some of the face

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65
Q

What do the vertebral veins receive blood from?

A

The cervical vertebrae and spinal cord, along with superior neck muscles

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66
Q

What major six veins does the abdominal portion of the inferior vena cava collect blood from?

A 
Lumbar veins
Gonadal veins
Renal veins
Supra-renal veins
Hepatic veins
Phrenic veins
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67
Q

What two blood supplies does the liver receive?

A

The hepatic portal vein contains oxygen poor, but nutrient rich blood

The hepatic artery proper contains oxygen rich blood

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68
Q

What types of organs does the hepatic portal vein drain from?

A

Only unpaired organs

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69
Q

Difference between hepatic vein and hepatic portal vein?

A

The hepatic vein carries blood out of the liver, but the portal vein carries blood to the liver

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70
Q

What part of the body does the inferior mesenteric vein drain? Where does it receive blood from? (3 veins)

A

Drains the distal part of the large intestine.

Receives blood from:

  • Superior rectal vein
  • Sigmoid veins
  • Left colic vein
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71
Q

What part of the body does the splenic vein drain? Where does it receive blood from? (3 veins)

A

Drains the spleen

Receives blood from:

  • Pancreatic veins
  • Short gastric veins
  • Right gastroepiploic vein
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72
Q

What part of the body does the superior mesenteric vein drain? Where does it receive blood from? (5 veins)

A

Drains the small intestine and part of the large intestine.

Receives blood from:

  • Intestinal veins
  • Pancreaticoduodenal veins
  • Ileocolic veins
  • Right colic veins
  • Middle colic veins
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73
Q

What do the common iliac veins merge into?

A

The inferior vena cava

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74
Q

What does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

The femoral vein

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75
Q

What does the small saphenous vein drain into?

A

the popliteal vein

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76
Q

Lymphoid organs?

A 
Red bone marrow
Thymus
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
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77
Q

What does the red bone marrow do for the lymph system?

A

Produce lymphocytes

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78
Q

What does the thymus do for the lymph system?

A

Maturation of T-lymphocytes

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79
Q

What does the spleen do for the lymph system?

A

Monitor blood

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80
Q

What do the lymph nodes do for the lymph system?

A

Monitor lymph and destroy pathogens

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81
Q

What do the tonsils do for the lymph system?

A

Destroy pathogens

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82
Q

Primary lymphoid organs?

A

Red bone marrow and thymus

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83
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Lymph nodes, spleen and tonsils

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84
Q

What are the functional divisions of the respiratory system?

A

The conducting and the respiratory zone

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85
Q

What are the anatomical divisions of the respiratory system?

A

The upper and lower respiratory tract

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86
Q

Difference between external and nasal cavities?

A

External is the nasal bone and hyaline cartilage, the internal is the nasal cavity

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87
Q

What is the roof of the nasal cavity formed by?

A

The ethmoid and sphenoid bones

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88
Q

What sinuses filter the air in the nasal cavity?

A

Paranasal sinuses

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89
Q

Two type of mucosa membranes in the nasal cavity?

A

Olfactory and respiratory mucosa

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90
Q

What is respiratory mucosa?

A

Epithelium with goblet cells, function to trap inhaled debris and moisten air

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91
Q

What does conchae do to inhaled air?

A

Filter, heat and moisten air (by cooling conchae)

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92
Q

What does conchae do to exhaled air?

A

Cool conchae take out moisture and extract heat back from air

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93
Q

What is the groove inferior to each concha called?

A

A meatus

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94
Q

Three conchae spaces?

A

Superior, middle and inferior

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95
Q

Three sections of pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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96
Q

What closes the entrance to the nasopharynx?

A

The uvula

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97
Q

What type of tissue is found in the nasopharynx?

A

Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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98
Q

What type of tissue is found in the oropharynx?

A

Squamous epithelium

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99
Q

What type of tissue is found in the laryngopharynx?

A

Squamous epithelium

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100
Q

What does the larynx do?

A

Connect the laryngopharynx to the trachea

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101
Q

Where is the laryngeal vestibule?

A

Above the vocal cords

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102
Q

Where is the laryngeal ventricle?

A

Between the vestibular and vocal cords

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103
Q

What is the opening between vocal folds called?

A

Rima glottis

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104
Q

What are the nine cartilages of the larynx?

A 
Thyroid
Cricoid
Arytenoid x 2
Corniculate x 2
Cuneiform x 2
Epiglottis
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105
Q

What region of the spine does the trachea divide? What is this region?

A

The Carina - at T4-T7

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106
Q

What muscle decreases the trachea diameter?

A

Trachealis muscle

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107
Q

What is responsible for the cough reflex?

A

The Carina

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108
Q

What ligaments connect the cartilage rings of the thorax?

A

Annular ligaments

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109
Q

What type of skin tissue is in the trachea?

A

Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium

110
Q

How do conducting tubes in the lungs differ as they get further into the lung?

A

Cartilage is replaced by smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue.
Epithelium transition to simple columnar and then to simple cuboidal.
No mucous or cilia in small bronchioles.

111
Q

Difference between type 1 and type 2 alveolar cells?

A

Type 1 is the gas exchange

Type 2 produces surfactant

112
Q

What divide lobes of the lungs?

A

Fissures

113
Q

What is the medial and hilum surface of the lungs refereed to? What about the surfaces facing the ribs?

A

The mediastinal surface. The costal surfaces are everything else bar the diaphragmatic surface.

114
Q

What do the larger bronchial veins drain blood into?

A

They collect venous blood and drain into the azygos and hemiazygous systems of veins

115
Q

What type of tissue is pleura?

A

Serous membranes

116
Q

What is between the parietal and visceral pleura?

A

Pleural cavity - filled with pleural fluid

117
Q

What is the act of pushing food along the GI tract?

A

Peristalsis

118
Q

What is the act of churning food in the GI tract?

A

Segmentation

119
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

Between the visceral and parietal layer, it contains fluid to reduce friction

120
Q

What are the two ventral mesenteries?

A

The falciform ligament and the lesser omentum

121
Q

What are mesenteries?

A

A double layer of peritoneum that extends from body wall to digestive organs. Holds organs in place, stores fats and is the route for vessels.

122
Q

What are the four dorsal mesentaries?

A

Greater omentum
Mesentary
Transverse mecocolonm
Sigmoid mesocolon

123
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

Connects liver to anterior abdomen wall and diaphragm

124
Q

What does the lesser omentum connect?

A

The liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

125
Q

What does the greater omentum connect?

A

The greater curvature of the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall

126
Q

What does the mesentary support?

A

Supports coils of jejunum and ilium

127
Q

What does the transverse mesocolon support?

A

IT connects the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall

128
Q

What does the sigmoid mesocolon connect?

A

The sigmoid colon to the posterior pelvis wall

129
Q

Four layers of the alimentary canal wall?

A

Mucosa - innermost
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa

130
Q

What does the mucosa layer of the alimentary canal wall consist of?

A

Epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosae

131
Q

What does the submucosa layer of the alimentary canal wall consist of?

A

Blood and lymphatic vessels along with nerve fibres

132
Q

What does the muscularis externa layer of the alimentary canal wall consist of?

A

Two layers:

  • Circular muscularis - inner layer
  • Longitudinal muscularis - outer layer
133
Q

What does the serosa layer of the alimentary canal wall consist of?

A

It is the visceral peritoneum

134
Q

What is the oral cavity lined with?

A

Thick stratified squamous epithelium

135
Q

What is the entranceway from the oral cavity to the pharynx called?

A

Oropharyngeal isthmus

136
Q

What anchors the tongue to the oropharynx?

A

The palatopharyngeal arch

137
Q

What anchors the tongue to the soft palate?

A

The palatoglossal arch

138
Q

What is the space between the teeth and lips called?

A

oral vestibule

139
Q

Three types of projections of mucosa on the tongue?

A
  • Filiform - roughened surface

- Fungiform and vallate papillae - tastebuds

140
Q

What does ingested food become in the stomach?

A

Chyme

141
Q

Four regions of the stomach?

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric

142
Q

Is the duodenum retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal apart from the most proximal part which is intraperitoneal

143
Q

What does the bile duct enter the wall of the duodenum at? What is the major opening in the duodenum called?

A

The hepatopancreatic ampulla, which opens into the major duodenal papilla.

144
Q

What is the intraperitoneal of both the jejunum and ileum suspended by?

A

The mesentery proper

145
Q

What does the ileum absorb?

A

Vitamin B12, salts and all products of digestion not absorbed by the jejunum

146
Q

What is the valve between the caecum and ileum called?

A

the ileocecal valve

147
Q

What are the circular folds of the small intestine called? Are they in each section?

A

Plicae circulares. They appear in the duodenum and jejunum but are far less common in the ileum.

148
Q

What do plicae circulares branch into?

A

Villi, and furthermore microvilli

149
Q

What are intestinal villi covered by?

A

Simple columnar epithelium of enterocytes

150
Q

What are the ridges inside the stomach called?

A

Rugae

151
Q

What does the appendix do?

A

Contains lymph nodes to neutralise pathogens

152
Q

Two flexures of the large intestines?

A

Hepatic and Splenic

153
Q

What parts of the large intestine are intraperitoneal?

A

Caecum
Appendix
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon

154
Q

What parts of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?

A

Ascending colon
Descending colon
Rectum

155
Q

What is the anal canal lined with?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

156
Q

What does the caecal sphincter prevent?

A

Back-flow into the ileum

157
Q

What cells are very prominent in the large intestine? What are the hollows called?

A

Numerous goblet cells

Contain intestinal crypts - simple tubular glands

158
Q

What are the large intestines lined with?

A

Simple columnar epithelial tissue - small amount of nutrient absorption

159
Q

What are the three special features of the large intestine?

A

Teniae coli
Haustra
Epiploic appendages

160
Q

What are teniae coli?

A

Thickening of longitudinal muscularis, with three longitudinal strips

161
Q

What are haustra?

A

Sections puckered by teniae coli

162
Q

Two main diseases of the digestive system?

A

Celiac disease

Crohns disease

163
Q

What is Crohns disease?

A

Inflammatory bowel disease (chronic)

Body’s immune system attacks the bacterial antigens located within the GI tract, causing ulcers and what not.

164
Q

What organs receive blood from the celiac trunk in the GI tract?

A

Organs above the transverse mesocolon

165
Q

What organs receive blood from the mesenteric arteries in the GI tract?

A

Organs below the transverse mesocolon

166
Q

The celiac trunk is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies all organs which are located ____ and above the ____?

A

Intraperitoneally and above the transverse mesocolon

167
Q

What organs are located above and below the transverse mesocolon? What does this mean for their blood supply?

A

The superior parts of the pancreas and duodenum are supplied by the celiac trunk, the inferior sections by the super mesenteric artery.

168
Q

What are the main accessory organs of the digestive system?

A 
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
169
Q

What stimulates the release of pancreatic juices?

A

CCK

170
Q

What percentage of a body’s blood is in the liver?

A

25%

171
Q

Three main functions of the liver?

A

Secretion
Hematological regulation
Metabolic regulation

172
Q

What are the endocrine cells of the pancreas?

A

The islets of Langerhans

173
Q

Are kidneys retro or intra peritoneal?

A

Retroperitoneally (posterior to peritoneum)

174
Q

What region of body are kidneys in?

A

Lateral to T12-L3

175
Q

Which kidney is lower?

A

The right one

176
Q

What ligament holds the kidneys?

A

They are not attached to any ligaments, instead they are mainly held in position by their pararenal fat capsule

177
Q

Which renal artery is longer?

A

The right is much longer than the left

178
Q

What percentage of systemic output reaches the kidneys? Via what artery?

A

1/4th via the renal artery

179
Q

What vein do kidneys drain into?

A

The renal vein and then to the inferior vena cava

180
Q

Flow of blood through the kidneys?

A 
Renal artery
Segmental artery
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Cotrical Radiate (interlobular) artery
181
Q

Which artery is between the renal pyramids?

A

Interlobar artery

182
Q

Two components of the nephron?

A

The renal corpuscle and the renal tubule

183
Q

What is the renal corpuscle?

A

The first part of the nephron where filtration occurs

184
Q

What is the renal tubule?

A

The long, tubular section of the proximal tube, loops of Henle, distal tubule and collecting duct.

185
Q

What are all molecules secreted by the nephrons into urine from?

A

The peritubular capillaries

186
Q

How much fluid does the glomerulus filter?

A

1L every 8 minutes

187
Q

What vein and artery separate the renal cortex and medulla?

A

The arcuate artery/vein

188
Q

Are ureters retro or intra-peritoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

189
Q

Three layers of the ureters?

A

Innermost:

  • Mucosa
  • Muscularis
  • Adventitia
190
Q

Two layers of muscularis in the ureters?

A

Inner longitudinal

Outer circular

191
Q

Via what action do the muscularis layers of the ureters propel urine?

A

Peristalsis

192
Q

What is the adventitia layer in the ureters?

A

Areolar connective tissue which anchors the ureter to the posterior abdominal wall

193
Q

Three layers of the urinary bladder?

A

Innermost:

  • Mucosa
  • Thick muscularis layer
  • Fibrous Adventitia
194
Q

What is the muscularis layer of the urinary bladder referred to?

A

The detrusor

195
Q

What are the parasympathetic axons of urination?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

196
Q

What is the smooth triangular region of the bladder called? What is it comprised of?

A

Trigone - two ureteral openings and the internal urethral orifice

197
Q

What segments of the spinal cord do the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions come from for the bladder?

A

Parasympathetic - S2-4

Sympathetic - T11-L2

198
Q

Three main sections of the male urethra? How long is each section?

A

Prostatic (2.5cm), membranous (2.5cm) and spongy urethra (15cm)

199
Q

What is the erectile tissue in the penis called?

A

Corpus spongiosum

200
Q

What duct transports sperm to ejaculatory duct?

A

Ductus deferens

201
Q

What are the blood vessels of the spermatic cord?

A

Testicular artery, testicular veins

202
Q

What cools the spermatic cord?

A

Pampiniform plexus

203
Q

What does the superior portion of ductus deferens run through?

A

The inferior canal

204
Q

What is the spermatic cord nerve?

A

The testicular nerve

205
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring? When do the testes complete their descent through here?

A

Entrance to the inguinal canal. The descend to the deep ring by the 3rd month of development.

206
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?When do the testes complete their descent through here?

A

Exit from the inguinal canal. Provides exit for testis to scrotum. The testes complete their descent into the scrotum through the inguinal canal in the 7th to 9th testes month.

207
Q

What is the skeletal and smooth muscle of the scrotum? Main difference?

A

Skeletal - cremaster muscle
Smooth - dartos muscle

The dartos muscle contracts the skin of the testes (smooth muscle); the Cremaster muscle controls the distance of the testes from the body

208
Q

What does involuntary contraction of the dartos muscle do?

A

Causes wrinkles on scrotal surface to prevent heat loss

209
Q

What suspend the testes in the scrotum?

A

The spermatic cord

210
Q

What are each testis covered by?

A

A visceral layer of tunica vaginalis testis and tunica albuginea

211
Q

Two main cell types of testes?

A

Sertoli and Leydig cells

212
Q

What does Sertoli cells produce?

A

Sperm

213
Q

What do Leydig cells produce?

A

Testosterone

214
Q

What stores matures and sperm for ejaculation in the testes?

A

Epididymis

215
Q

What is the site of spermatogenesis?

A

The seminiferous tubules

216
Q

What are seminiferous tubules packed into?

A

Tunica albuginea

217
Q

What collect sperm form the seminiferous tubules?

A

Straight tubules

218
Q

What collect sperm from the straight tubules?

A

Rete testis

219
Q

What carry sperm to the epididymis?

A

The efferent ducts

220
Q

What form the ejaculatory ducts?

A

The ductus deferens and the seminal vesicles merging together

221
Q

What glands secrete seminal fluid?

A

The seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulbourethral glands

222
Q

What is seminal fluid?

A

Alkaline fluid that mixes with sperm cells to form semen

223
Q

What do seminal vesicles secrete?

A

A viscous fluid of fructose prostaglandins

224
Q

What part of semen dilate the cervix?

A

Prostaglandins (fructose of sperm)

225
Q

What does the bulbourethral gland secrete?

A

A viscous mucus that protects the urethra and serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse

226
Q

What does the prostate gland comprise of?

A

Tubuloalveolar glands

227
Q

What is the term for foreskin?

A

Prepuce

228
Q

What does corpus spongiosum cover?

A

The spongy urethra, posterior surface of flaccid penis and the expanded distal end (glans penis)

229
Q

What is the corpora cavernosa?

A

Paired masses, anterior surface of flaccid penis. (make up most of it)

230
Q

What does the internal urethral sphincter do in males?

A

Stops semen from back flowing into bladder and prevents the simultaneous passage of sperm and urine through the male urethra

231
Q

Terms for eggs?

A

Gametes: oocytes

232
Q

What is the only intraperitoneal sexual organ in the body?

A

The ovary

233
Q

What ligament anchors the ovary to the body wall?

A

The broad ligament

234
Q

What anchors the outer layer of the uterus?

A

The ovarian ligaments

235
Q

What ligament attaches to the lateral edge of each ovary and projects superolaterally to the pelvic wall?

A

The suspensory ligament

236
Q

What is the part of the broad ligament covering the ovary at the hilum?

A

The mesovarium

237
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A

Ovarian epithelium
The tunica albuginea
Cortex + Medulla

238
Q

What is the outermost layer of the ovary called?

A

The ovarian epithelium (or germinal epithelium)

239
Q

What is the connective tissue below the ovarian epithelium called?

A

The tunica albuginea

240
Q

What does the ovarian cortex consist of?

A

Ovarian follicles

241
Q

What does the ovarian medulla consist of?

A

Blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

242
Q

What is ovulation?

A

Release of the ovum

243
Q

What is the uterine (fallopian) tubes surrounded by?

A

Mesosalpinx

244
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

In the fallopian tubes

245
Q

Four parts of the uterine tube?

A

Fimbriae
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

246
Q

Three layers of fallopian tubes?

A

Mucosa
Muscularis (inner circle and outer longitudinal layer)
Serosa

247
Q

Three walls of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

248
Q

What layer of tissue does the embryo burrow into in the uterus?

A

The endometrium

249
Q

What are the two layers of the endometrium? What is the difference?

A

The functional layer and the basal layer (doesn’t shed)

250
Q

What three ligaments hold the uterus in place?

A

Mesometrium
Cardinal ligaments
Round ligaments

251
Q

What tissue lines the vagina?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

252
Q

What does the projection of the cervix into the vagina create?

A

An anterior and posterior fornix

253
Q

What are the three coats of the vagina?

A

Adventitia (fibrous)
Muscularis
Mucosa

254
Q

What does the mucosa of the vagina consist of?

A

Lamina propria and stratified squamous epithelium

255
Q

What is mons pubis?

A

The skin and subcutaneous connective tissue overlying the pubic symphysis

256
Q

What is the externa genitalia of a female called?

A

Vulva

257
Q

What are the folds of the vagina called?

A

Labia majora and minora

258
Q

What glands are found in the female labia?

A

Sebaceous glands and melanocytes in the minora

259
Q

What is the space between the labia minora called? What does it house?

A

The vestibule - houses opening to urethra and vagina

260
Q

What is the female equivalent of corpus cavernosum?

A

Crus of clitoris

261
Q

What is the female equivalent of the corpus spongiosum?

A

Bulb of vestibule

262
Q

What is prepuce?

A

A fold of labia minora covering the clitoris

263
Q

What is the perineum in the vagina?

A

The region between the pubic arch and coccyx

264
Q

What is prolactin and oxytocin responsible for?

A

Prolactin stimulates production of breast milk, while oxytocin is responsible for milky ejection

265
Q

What is the nipple surrounded by?

A

Areola

266
Q

What ligaments provide support to gland tissue? (breast)

A

Suspensory ligaments

267
Q

What ducts drain milk from lobes to sinus?

A

Lactiferous ducts

268
Q

What are the sinuses at the end of ducts near the nipple? What do they do?

A

Lactiferous sinuses - store milk

269
Q

What is the feature in the cerebellum thatits between the wo hemispheres?

A

The vermis

270
Q

What are the folds of the cerebellum called?

A

Folia

271
Q

What is the space ebtween the vertebral column and spinal cord?

A

Epidural space

ANAT1005 (3 decks)

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