Texas Dairy Cattle CDE Bank Flashcards
memorize
What is an anion? A A positively charged ion B A positively charged electron C A negatively charged electron D A negatively charged ion
D A negatively charged ion
Which one of the following is the largest dairy milk marketing cooperative in the U.S.? A California Dairies B Maryland and Virginia Milk Producers C Land O'Lakes D Dairy Farmers of America (DFA)
D Dairy Farmers of America (DFA)
Hairy Heel Wart is scientifically known as what? A Intraheel laminitis B Digital phlegmon C Digital Divide D Digital Dermatitis
D Digital Dermatitis
New computerized robotic milk stations are becoming a reality today. They have different names but one common one is MOD system. MOD means: A Milk on Demand B Money on Deposit C Magnificent Overall Design D Move on Down
A Milk on Demand
On average, how many weeks after freshening does a cows dry matter intake peak? A 12-14 weeks B 1-2 weeks C 2-4 weeks D 40-42 weeks
A 12-14 weeks
All milking equipment must be sanitized: A After each use B Monthly C Daily D Weekly
A After each use
Why is fat added to dairy rations? A To add a concentrated form of energy B To increase the volatile fatty acid level C To help fight BVD D To increase milk fat %
A To add a concentrated form of energy
The annual sale of dairy semen exceeds \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ straws. A 20,000,000 B 500,000 C 1,000,000 D 10,000,000
A 20,000,000
What is the average production lifetime of a dairy cow? A 6 months B 10 years C 3 years D 20 years
C 3 years
A cow's gestation period is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ long? A 114 days B 282 days C 365 days D 1 day
B 282 days
When can a heifer calf born twin to a bull be registered? A When it is proven that she will breed B As soon as she is born C When she is 6 months old D As soon as she is weaned
A When it is proven that she will breed
The letters FSIS stand for what? A Food Service and Inspection Safety B Food Sanitation and Inquiry Service C Free State Inspection Service D Food Safety and Inspection Service
D Food Safety and Inspection Service
In a sires proof, daughters calving ease measures ________ .
A A bulls tendency to sire calves that are born easily
B The caving ease of the first calf heifers from the sire
C The cows calving ease
D The influence of the sire of the cow on calving ease
D The influence of the sire of the cow on calving ease
98% of somatic cells are: A Lymph nodes B Leukocytes C Plasma D Red blood cells
B Leukocytes
Corn silage stored in sealed upright silos should be ensiled at what moisture? A No less than 60 percent moisture B No less than 50 percent moisture C No less than 40 percent moisture D No less than 30 percent moisture
A No less than 60 percent moisture
Which mineral functions in maintaining osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, and body fluid balance? A Selenium B Zinc C Sodium D Sulfur
C Sodium
A disease transmitted through natural mating which causes abortion, low conception rates, and irregular heat cycles is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . A Vibriosis B Milk fever C Hardware disease D Black leg
A Vibriosis
Coccidia infection can occur when calves are 4 to 8 weeks old. Coccidia causes: A Pneumonia B Enteritis C BVD D IBR
B Enteritis
In the standard protocol for cleaning milking equipment, which of the following is not one of the four phases of cleaning? A Chlorinated alkaline wash B Acid rinse C Pre-rinse D Back flushing
D Back flushing
When evaluating a dairy ration, what do the letters TDN stand for? A Total Dietary Nitrogen B Total Digestible Nutrients C Total Dietary Needs D Tested Digestible Nutrients
B Total Digestible Nutrients
Most dairies in Texas are considered to be CAFOs. A CAFO is: A Confined Animal Feeding Operation B Concentrated Animal Farming Operation C Confined Animal Farming Operation D Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
D Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
Abortion in the last trimester of pregnancy is often caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . A Brucellosis B Bovine virus diarrhea C Hardware disease D Milk fever
A Brucellosis
Dairy herds have historically used artificial insemination. Currently approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ % of all dairy pregnancies results from A.I. A 85 B 10 C 95 D 50
A 85
If you add sugar to a milk product, you must \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the minimum pasteurization temperature by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A Decrease, 5 B Decrease, 10 C Increase, 5 D Increase, 10
C Increase, 5
Cows produce pheromones which: A Prevent pregnancy B Attract the opposite sex C Ward off infections D Increase levels of milk production
B Attract the opposite sex
Dairy producers are particularly watchful for zoonotic diseases in their herd. Zoonotic diseases are
defined as those that:
A Have no knows cures and as such, are especially feared
B Pass from animals to humans and vice versa
C Pass from animal to animal of the same species
D Pass from animal to animal among different species
B Pass from animals to humans and vice versa
When using sexed semen, conception rates are ________ percent of the conception rates achieved when
using unsexed semen under the same conditions?
A 50-80%
B 15-40%
C 90-95%
D 10% or less
A 50-80%
Jersey cattle are characterized by having a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ face: A Dished face B Mottled face C Long face D Masculine face
A Dished Face
Which trait is worth the most points according to the Dairy Cow Unified Score Card? A Udder B Frame C Body capacity D Dairy character
A Udder
In the reproductive tract of a dairy cow, how many uterine horns are there? A One B Two C None D Three
B Two
What is the scientific term for birth? A Dystocia B Parturition C Calving D Delivery
B Parturition
Crude fiber in a dietary ration must be at least \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ % or milk fat percent will decrease. A 5 B 18 C 12 D 8
B 18
Which system of the cow’s body is most affected by paratuberculosis? A Circulatory B Digestive C Reproductive D Respiratory
B Digestive
Dairy cows produce milk that is relatively high in B complex vitamins. Because they are ruminants:
A Vitamin A will be converted to the Vitamin B complex in
the rumen
B Vitamin D will be converted into the Vitamin B complex
in the rumen
C It is not necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin
B complex
D It is necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B
complex
C It is not necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B complex
How many grams of lactose are in an 8 oz. glass of milk? A 10 B 25 C 21 D 17
A 10
How many chromosomes does the nucleus of each reproductive cell have in dairy cattle? A 32 B 30 C 15 D 24
B 30
What percent moisture should corn silage be chopped at when stored in horizontal bunker silos? A 90 percent moisture B 50 percent moisture C 30 percent moisture D 70 percent moisture
D 70 percent moisture
What is the largest cost on most U.S. dairy farms? A Veterinary fees B Fuel C Labor D Feed
D Feed
What hormone is responsible for maintaining pregnancy? A Oxytocin B Progesterone C Lutalyse D Prostaglandin
B Progesterone
What pathway in young calves directs milk into the abomasum, bypassing the rumen, reticulum, and omasum? A Masticulas passinomis B Rumen bypass groove C Esophageal groove D Rumen passinomis
C Esophageal groove
What mineral is necessary for hemoglobin formation? A Selenium B Copper C Iodine D Zinc
B Copper
Fear can disrupt milk letdown in a cow. The hormone released that causes this disruption is: A Oxytocin B Epinephrine C Progesterone D Prostaglandin
B Epinephrine
Recent research traits have shown that dairy cows prefer to be milked \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ times/day if they are able to choose. A One B Two C Four or more times D Three times
C Four or more times
Dairy cattle frequently develop milk fever shortly after calving. They become immobile, comatose, and
may die without treatment. The treatment typically involves:
A Intravenous injection of calcium gluconate
B Using a stomach pump to administer adequate water to keep them hydrated
C Adding additional salt to their feed to supply extra calcium and phosphorus
D Injection of Vitamin B-12
A Intravenous injection of calcium gluconate
Dairy Farmers frequently place a stomach magnet into their cows to:
A Prevent ingested metal objects from interfering with the digestive tract or the respiratory system
B Improve the absorption of iron when the cows are drinking soft water
C Prevent arthritis from settling in the hock and knee joints
D Help improve the mineral content of the milk
A Prevent ingested metal objects from interfering with the digestive tract or the respiratory system
What is a cation? A A positively charged electron B A negatively charged ion C A negatively charged electron D A positively charged ion
D A positively charged ion
Adequate consumption of long fiber roughage is important to both milk production and herd heath. A long fiber roughage is one that is: A Longer than 6 inches B Longer than 1.5 inches C Less than 1 inch long D Longer than 12 inches
B Longer than 1.5 inches
One ejaculation from a bull typically contains \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sperm A 1,000,000 B 500,000 C 50,000,000 D 5,000,000
D 5,000,000
When looking at DHI records, what do the letters RHA stand for? A Rolling Herd Average B Regional Holstein Associations C Registered Herd Ancestry D Registered Holstein Ancestry
A Rolling Herd Average
Which of the following is a compartment of the dairy cows stomach? A Duodenum B Jejunum C Ileum D Abomasum
D Abomasum
What state agency regulates waste management?
A Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
B Texas Health Commission
C Texas Animal Health Commission
D Environmental Preservation Agency
A Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
A dairy cow that has her feet too far forward (under her belly) is said to be: A Cow hocked B Splay footed C Sickle hocked D Post legged
C Sickle hocked
A very popular dairy management software in Texas is: A Dairyhelp4U B Dairy Power vs. 2 C Dairy Comp 305 D Basic Dairy 101
C Dairy Comp 305
What percent of crude protein should a calf starter be? A 10-12 B 6-8 C 16-18 D 22-24
C 16-18
Milk traits, i.e. fat, protein, SNF and etc., tend to have a heritability of about: A 20-30% B 51% or more C 10% or less D 40-50%
A 20-30%
Research has shown that by formulating lactating cow rations with proper amounts of certain amino
acids, we can decrease the crude protein content of the ration and reduce ________ ?
A Bloat
B Phosphorus
C Nitrogen excretion
D Acidosis
C Nitrogen excretion
How much more energy do fats contain per unit than carbohydrates and proteins? A 3 B 3.25 C 2 D 2.25
D 2.25
Which cows have higher protein requirements? A Low-producing pregnant cows B High-producing open cows C Low-producing open cows D High-producing pregnant cows
D High-producing pregnant cows
About 90% of U.S. dairies use a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ milking schedule. A Milk on Demand B Twice/day C Three times/day D Once/day
B Twice/day
What does NFO stand for? A National Farmers Order B National Feed Organization C National Farmers Organization D National Food Organization
C National Farmers Organization
Regarding feed formulation, what does CAD stand for? A Cation-Anion Difference B Carbohydrate- Amino Degradation C Cation-Amonia Difference D Cation-Anion Degree
A Cation-Anion Difference
Nutritionists have developed a test to compare one alfalfa sample to another, determining the RFV of each. RFV stands for: A Regulative Free Velocity B Risk for Value C Real Food Value D Relative Forage Value
D Relative Forage Value
An average Holstein cow should give \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pounds per day for each lactation. A 8.5 B 50 C 400 D 165
B 50
The hormone BST is given to dairy cows: A After 200 days of lactation B Right before the dry period C In the first 45 days of lactation D 100-199 days after calving
A After 200 days of lactation
In reference to reproduction, what does CL stand for? A Compound Lepto B Corpus Luteum C Cattle Lutalysis D Cervix Lymphocyte
B Corpus Luteum
What trait with the only positive genetic correlation to milk production? A Udder B Dairy character C Body capacity D Feet and legs
B Dairy character
The hormone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stimulates milk let down and may be administered via injection, when necessary after parturition. A Estrogen B Oxytocin C Progesterone D BovaTec
B Oxytocin
When evaluating dairy rations what do the letters NE stand for? A Net Equivalence B Non Essential C Non Edible D Net Energy
D Net Energy
What type of mastitis is the easiest to cure? A Paratuberliocsis B Staph Aureus C Coliforms D Streptococus agalactae
D Streptococus agalactae
Fermented forage plants relates to: A Silage B Flash grazing C Strip grazing D Hay
A Silage
Feeding proper rations during the summer is important for both cow comfort and maintaining milk
production. Which nutrient is most important during the summer months?
A Water
B Protein
C Fat
D Vitamins
A Water
Approximately how many gallons of blood pass through the udder for each gallon of milk produced? A 100-200 gallons B 200-300 gallons C 400-500 gallons D 300-400 gallons
C 400-500 gallons
Allelomimetic behavior is defined as:
A The tendency for animals to separate from the herd
B The tendency for animals to produce young with the characteristics of their parents
C The tendency for a group of animals to do the same thing at the same time
D The tendency for animals to flee
C The tendency for a group of animals to do the same thing at the same time
In a cow, where would you find an alveolus? A Skin B Intestine C Brain D Udder
D Udder
What is NAFTA? A North American Free Trade Association B North American Free Trade Agreement C North African Free Trade Association D North American Forage Trade Association
B North American Free Trade Agreement
Which hormone produced by the uterus causes regression of the corpus luteum? A FSH B LH C PGF D GnRH
C PGF
Many dairymen dock the tail on their cows much to the chagrin of Animals Rights groups. They believe
this is necessary to:
A Prevent the accidental, early detachment of the milking unit
B Insure the milking unit can be properly attached
C Avoid injury to their milk hands
D Reduce the incidence of mastitis
D Reduce the incidence of mastitis
Which of the compartments of a cow's four-compartment stomach acts as the true stomach? A Reticulum B Omasum C Abomasum D Rumen
C abomasum
Which part of an animal touches the ground if he/she is walking on a correct set of feet and legs? A Dewclaw B Pastern C Sole D Knee
C Sole
How much water can a lactating cow consume in one day? A 15 gallons B 5 gallons C 25 gallons D 35 gallons
C 25 gallons
What stomach compartments are not developed in a newborn calf? A Rumen and reticulum B Abomasum and omasum C Rumen and omasum D Abomasum and rumen
A Rumen and reticulum
A dairy cow may not reach her highest milk yield until she is: A 4-5 years old B 5-9 years old C 3-4 years old D Over 10 years old
B 5-9 years old
What are two methods for shortening udder hair? A Electrolysis and waxing B Singeing and waxing C Clipping and straight razor shaving D Clipping and singeing
D Clipping and singeing
What is another term for the lowest lateral regions of the abdomen, near the groin? A Inguinal B Gubernaculum C Abomasum D Dorsal
A Inguinal
The only aspect of milk quality that can be completely controlled on the farm is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . A Milk flavor B Bacteria counts C Drug residue D Milk protein
C Drug residue
A perfect score for a cow according to the Dairy Cow Unified Score Card is: A 100 B 50 C 1000 D 500
A 100
In a study of milk parlors conducted by researchers at the University of Florida, how did parallels
perform when compared to herringbones?
A Parallels out performed herringbones by nearly 8 percent
B Herringbones out performed parallels by nearly 8 percent
C Parallels were 50% slower
D They performed the same
A Parallels out performed herringbones by early 9 percent
Which reproductive condition results when the fetal membranes remain within the uterus for an extended period following parturition? A Retained placenta B Ruptured follicle C Prolapsed uterus D Retained ovum
A Retained placenta
When a cow comes into heat every few days, she is referred to as? A Gestation B Anestrus C Lactation D Cystic
D Cystic
Young dairy calves frequently suffer and may die due to scours. The chief cause of deadly scours at this
age is:
A The bacteria Escherichia Coli
B Excessive colostrum intake
C Excessive intake of milk replacer
D Internal parasites, primarily the roundworm
A The bacteria Escherichia Coli
Milk sugars are not very soluble. Some people have difficulty hydrolyzing them in their bodies. This problem is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . A Lactose irritability B Lactose intolerance C Lactose indigestibility D Lactose adjustment
B Lactose intolerance
Where are non-degradable proteins absorbed? A Large intestine B Small Intestine C Rumen D Liver
B Small Intestine
When feeding close-up cows a calcium deficient diet, which gland is stimulated? A Mammary gland B Pituitary Gland C Parathyroid gland D Hypothalamus Gland
C Parathyroid gland
Which of the following is the most popular type of cheese in the United States? A Swiss B Cheddar C Mozzarella D Colby
B Cheddar
What do the letters NRC stand for? A National Research Chapter B National Research Center C National Research Council D National Research Company
C National Research Council
A Milking herds TMR should be available to cows how many hours throughout the day? A 5 to 9 B 10 to 12 C 15 to 18 D 20 to 24
D 20 to 24
Each animal inherits certain genes from both parents. What percentage of genes does a calf receive from its sire? A 50 percent B 75 percent C 25 percent D 85 percent
A 50 percent
When does the greatest mammary tissue growth occur during a cows life? A During the first pregnancy B At puberty C Before she is born D During the second pregnancy
A During the first pregnancy
Which one of the following describes biotin? A A source of energy B A trace mineral C An amino acid D A B-Vitamin
D A B-Vitamin
A bovine female which has not had a calf is a: A Filly B Pullet C Gilt D Heifer
D Heifer
Milk let down in a dairy cow may be stimulated by: A Feeding the cow B Electric shock applied to the cow C Hollering at the cow D Stressing the cow
A Feeding the cow
The typical lactation curve shows a dairy cow reaching her peak production about \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ days into the lactation cycle. A 5-10 days B 50-70 days C 20-30 days D 120-180 days
B 50-70 days
Milking time is best reduced by: A Preparing cows properly B Decreasing vacuum C Speeding up pulsators D Increasing vacuum
A Preparing cows properly
This bacteria causes Circling Disease´in cattle: A Salmonella B Leucosis C Mycoplasma D Listeria
D Listeria
Dry cows need 0.8 percent K in their diet. What element is K? A Calcium B Potassium C Phosphorus D Lead
B Potassium
Rotary Parlors or Carousel milk barns have the advantage of being \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when compared to other type barns. A Safer B More Versatile C Faster D Cheaper
C Faster
When the environmental temperature falls below 30F, the normal diet of a young calf should be supplemented with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ? A Warm Fresh Milk B Protein C Energy D Vitamin A
C Energy
Which body part is located more towards the front of the animal? A Stifle B Flank C Tail head D Switch
B Flank
Legally you cannot make cottage cheese from raw milk, but you can make \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ from raw milk. A Ice cream B Cheddar cheese C Sour cream D Yogurt
B Cheddar cheese
What percentage of whole milk is fat when compared on a dry matter basis? A Exactly 100 percent B About 50 percent C About 10 percent D About 25 percent
D About 25 percent
Dairy cattle have a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ field of vision to their front. A 180-270 degree B Less than 90 degree C 90-180 degree D 300 + degree
D 300 + degree
What is the name of the term for a farms unique identification number that is part of the National Animal Identification System? A Premis ID B RFID C Zip Code D Registration ID
A Premis ID
Milk with over \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ somatic cell count cannot legally be shipped in the United States? A 500,000 B 200,000 C 750,000 D 400,000
D 400,000
What is the USDAs AIPL? A Animal Improvement Program Library B Animal Import Processing Language C Animal Improvement Program Lab D Animal Import Program Liability
C Animal Improvement Program Lab
When referring to milk test used at the processing plant, what is a DMC? A Direct Micro Compatibility B Direct Measurement Control C Direct Microscopic Counts D Direct Microscopic Cells
C Direct Microscopic Counts
Dairy cattle where first successfully cloned in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . A 1980's B 2000's C 1880's D 1950's
B 2000’s
What is the FAS? A Final Agriculture Service B Food and Agriculture Service C Foreign Agricultural Service D Finland Agriculture Service
C Foreign Agricultural Service
What is the USAHA? A U S Animal Health Award B U S Animal Housing Association C U S Animal Health Association D U S Agricultural Health Administrator
C U S Animal Health Association
A calfs birth weight is approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ % of its mature weight. A 10 B 5 C 1 D 20
B 5
What does GnRH stand for? A Genotype Reflection Hormone B Genuine Recessive Hormone C Gestation Repression Hormone D Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
D Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
What is the reasonable score for body condition at mid-lactation? A 2 B 3 C 1 D 4.5
B 3
A mutation where a calf is born with a single toe on one or more feet is called A Cloven-hoof B Single-foot C Mule-foot D Ungulate Toe
C Mule-foot
The condition in which the cow is giving more milk than nutrients that she is consuming in feed is called: A Positive net energy balance B Over Milked C Negative net energy balance D More milk than feed
C Negative net energy balance
All U.S. dairy farms are inspected by state inspectors through a program coordinated by the Food and
Drug Administration. Inspectors follow a publication called the PMO. What does PMO stand for?
A Post-Milking Options
B Pasteurized milk ordinance
C Primary Milking Operations
D Pre-milking Options
B Pasteurized milk ordinance
Cow comfort has been linked to milk production in numerous research studies. Which of the following is
NOT an example of a way to improve cow comfort used by dairymen:
A Providing air mattresses for the cows to lay on
B Reducing air flow through the barn during cool weather
C Providing wading pools allowing them to cool off during hot weather
D Allowing them access to their new born calf for the 1st 30 days
D Allowing them access to their new born calf for the 1st 30 days
What does the term freshen mean in relation to dairy production?
A To give birth
B To stop producing milk
C Exhibits signs of extreme agitation or freshness
D To become pregnant
A To give birth
Reduced gestation length and retained placenta typically are the first symptoms of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ vitamin deficiency A Vitamin K B Vitamin B C Vitamin D D Vitamin A
D Vitamin A
How is a dairys RHA calculated?
A By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow
years in the herd last year.
B By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow years in the
herd this year.
C By adding the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days to the total number of cow years in the
herd last year.
D By multiplying the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by total number cow years in the
herd this year.
A By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cows
What do the letters EU stands for? A Eastern Union B Eastern Understanding C European Union D European Underline
C European Union
A mutation where calves have little or no control over the movement of their legs is called A Limber leg B Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency C Mule-foot D Weaver syndrome
A Limber leg
A free martin is considered a A Sterile heifer born twin to a bull B Sterile bull born twin to a heifer C Cow that has just weaned a calf D Virgin heifer that has not yet been bred
A Sterile heifer born twin to a bull
What structural carbohydrate component makes older plants less digestible than younger plants? A Fructrose B Lignin C Sucrose D Cellulose
B Lignin
What is the accepted standard length for a lactation record in dairy cattle? A 200 days B 365 days C 305 days D 100 days
C 305 days
If the heat detection rate is 30% and the conception rate is 30%, what is the pregnancy rate? A 9% B 60% C 30% D 15%
A 9%
The first feeding of colostrum should equal about \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ percent of the calfs body weight? A 2 B 1 C 10 D 5
D 5
The source of rennet (a substance used in cheese making) is: A A tropical plant B Insect Larvae C The abomasum of a milk fed calf D Sugar beets
C The abomasum of a milk fed calf
To dairymen, the most harmful disease impacting milk production and their economic bottom line is: A BUV B BSE C Mastitis D Vibriosis
C Mastitis
On the PDCA Unified Dairy Score Card, the category feet and legs accounts for how many points? A 30 B 15 C 10 D 20
D 20
What kinds of relationship do cattle and the microorganisms in their rumen share? A Parasitic B Symbiotic C Electrostatic D A-Biotic
B Symbiotic
The rear quarters produce \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ % of the daily milk yield. A 20% B 80% C 60% D 40%
C 60%
