Texas Dairy Cattle CDE Bank Flashcards by Jade Cook

What is an anion?
A A positively charged ion
B A positively charged electron
C A negatively charged electron
D A negatively charged ion

D A negatively charged ion

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Which one of the following is the largest dairy milk marketing cooperative in the U.S.?
A California Dairies
B Maryland and Virginia Milk Producers
C Land O'Lakes
D Dairy Farmers of America (DFA)

D Dairy Farmers of America (DFA)

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Hairy Heel Wart is scientifically known as what?
A Intraheel laminitis
B Digital phlegmon
C Digital Divide
D Digital Dermatitis

D Digital Dermatitis

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New computerized robotic milk stations are becoming a reality today. They have different names but one 
common one is MOD system. MOD means:
A Milk on Demand
B Money on Deposit
C Magnificent Overall Design
D Move on Down

A Milk on Demand

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On average, how many weeks after freshening does a cows dry matter intake peak?
A 12-14 weeks
B 1-2 weeks
C 2-4 weeks
D 40-42 weeks

A 12-14 weeks

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All milking equipment must be sanitized:
A After each use
B Monthly
C Daily
D Weekly

A After each use

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Why is fat added to dairy rations?
A To add a concentrated form of energy
B To increase the volatile fatty acid level
C To help fight BVD
D To increase milk fat %

A To add a concentrated form of energy

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The annual sale of dairy semen exceeds \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ straws.
A 20,000,000
B 500,000
C 1,000,000
D 10,000,000

A 20,000,000

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What is the average production lifetime of a dairy cow?
A 6 months
B 10 years
C 3 years
D 20 years

C 3 years

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A cow's gestation period is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ long?
A 114 days
B 282 days
C 365 days
D 1 day

B 282 days

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When can a heifer calf born twin to a bull be registered?
A When it is proven that she will breed
B As soon as she is born
C When she is 6 months old
D As soon as she is weaned

A When it is proven that she will breed

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The letters FSIS stand for what?
A Food Service and Inspection Safety
B Food Sanitation and Inquiry Service
C Free State Inspection Service
D Food Safety and Inspection Service

D Food Safety and Inspection Service

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In a sires proof, daughters calving ease measures ________ .
A A bulls tendency to sire calves that are born easily
B The caving ease of the first calf heifers from the sire
C The cows calving ease
D The influence of the sire of the cow on calving ease

D The influence of the sire of the cow on calving ease

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98% of somatic cells are:
A Lymph nodes
B Leukocytes
C Plasma
D Red blood cells

B Leukocytes

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Corn silage stored in sealed upright silos should be ensiled at what moisture?
A No less than 60 percent moisture
B No less than 50 percent moisture
C No less than 40 percent moisture
D No less than 30 percent moisture

A No less than 60 percent moisture

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Which mineral functions in maintaining osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, and body fluid balance?
A Selenium
B Zinc
C Sodium
D Sulfur

C Sodium

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A disease transmitted through natural mating which causes abortion, low conception rates, and irregular
heat cycles is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ .
A Vibriosis
B Milk fever
C Hardware disease
D Black leg

A Vibriosis

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Coccidia infection can occur when calves are 4 to 8 weeks old. Coccidia causes:
A Pneumonia
B Enteritis
C BVD
D IBR

B Enteritis

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In the standard protocol for cleaning milking equipment, which of the following is not one of the four
phases of cleaning?
A Chlorinated alkaline wash
B Acid rinse
C Pre-rinse
D Back flushing

D Back flushing

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When evaluating a dairy ration, what do the letters TDN stand for?
A Total Dietary Nitrogen
B Total Digestible Nutrients
C Total Dietary Needs
D Tested Digestible Nutrients

B Total Digestible Nutrients

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Most dairies in Texas are considered to be CAFOs. A CAFO is:
A Confined Animal Feeding Operation
B Concentrated Animal Farming Operation
C Confined Animal Farming Operation
D Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation

D Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation

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Abortion in the last trimester of pregnancy is often caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ .
A Brucellosis
B Bovine virus diarrhea
C Hardware disease
D Milk fever

A Brucellosis

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Dairy herds have historically used artificial insemination. Currently approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ % of all
dairy pregnancies results from A.I.
A 85
B 10
C 95
D 50

A 85

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If you add sugar to a milk product, you must \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the minimum pasteurization temperature by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A Decrease, 5
B Decrease, 10
C Increase, 5
D Increase, 10

C Increase, 5

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``` Cows produce pheromones which: A Prevent pregnancy B Attract the opposite sex C Ward off infections D Increase levels of milk production ```

B Attract the opposite sex

Dairy producers are particularly watchful for zoonotic diseases in their herd. Zoonotic diseases are defined as those that: A Have no knows cures and as such, are especially feared B Pass from animals to humans and vice versa C Pass from animal to animal of the same species D Pass from animal to animal among different species

B Pass from animals to humans and vice versa

When using sexed semen, conception rates are ________ percent of the conception rates achieved when using unsexed semen under the same conditions? A 50-80% B 15-40% C 90-95% D 10% or less

A 50-80%

``` Jersey cattle are characterized by having a ________ face: A Dished face B Mottled face C Long face D Masculine face ```

A Dished Face

``` Which trait is worth the most points according to the Dairy Cow Unified Score Card? A Udder B Frame C Body capacity D Dairy character ```

A Udder

``` In the reproductive tract of a dairy cow, how many uterine horns are there? A One B Two C None D Three ```

B Two

``` What is the scientific term for birth? A Dystocia B Parturition C Calving D Delivery ```

B Parturition

``` Crude fiber in a dietary ration must be at least ________ % or milk fat percent will decrease. A 5 B 18 C 12 D 8 ```

B 18

``` Which system of the cow’s body is most affected by paratuberculosis? A Circulatory B Digestive C Reproductive D Respiratory ```

B Digestive

Dairy cows produce milk that is relatively high in B complex vitamins. Because they are ruminants: A Vitamin A will be converted to the Vitamin B complex in the rumen B Vitamin D will be converted into the Vitamin B complex in the rumen C It is not necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B complex D It is necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B complex

C It is not necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B complex

``` How many grams of lactose are in an 8 oz. glass of milk? A 10 B 25 C 21 D 17 ```

A 10

``` How many chromosomes does the nucleus of each reproductive cell have in dairy cattle? A 32 B 30 C 15 D 24 ```

B 30

``` What percent moisture should corn silage be chopped at when stored in horizontal bunker silos? A 90 percent moisture B 50 percent moisture C 30 percent moisture D 70 percent moisture ```

D 70 percent moisture

``` What is the largest cost on most U.S. dairy farms? A Veterinary fees B Fuel C Labor D Feed ```

D Feed

``` What hormone is responsible for maintaining pregnancy? A Oxytocin B Progesterone C Lutalyse D Prostaglandin ```

B Progesterone

``` What pathway in young calves directs milk into the abomasum, bypassing the rumen, reticulum, and omasum? A Masticulas passinomis B Rumen bypass groove C Esophageal groove D Rumen passinomis ```

C Esophageal groove

``` What mineral is necessary for hemoglobin formation? A Selenium B Copper C Iodine D Zinc ```

B Copper

``` Fear can disrupt milk letdown in a cow. The hormone released that causes this disruption is: A Oxytocin B Epinephrine C Progesterone D Prostaglandin ```

B Epinephrine

``` Recent research traits have shown that dairy cows prefer to be milked ________ times/day if they are able to choose. A One B Two C Four or more times D Three times ```

C Four or more times

Dairy cattle frequently develop milk fever shortly after calving. They become immobile, comatose, and may die without treatment. The treatment typically involves: A Intravenous injection of calcium gluconate B Using a stomach pump to administer adequate water to keep them hydrated C Adding additional salt to their feed to supply extra calcium and phosphorus D Injection of Vitamin B-12

A Intravenous injection of calcium gluconate

Dairy Farmers frequently place a stomach magnet into their cows to: A Prevent ingested metal objects from interfering with the digestive tract or the respiratory system B Improve the absorption of iron when the cows are drinking soft water C Prevent arthritis from settling in the hock and knee joints D Help improve the mineral content of the milk

A Prevent ingested metal objects from interfering with the digestive tract or the respiratory system

``` What is a cation? A A positively charged electron B A negatively charged ion C A negatively charged electron D A positively charged ion ```

D A positively charged ion

``` Adequate consumption of long fiber roughage is important to both milk production and herd heath. A long fiber roughage is one that is: A Longer than 6 inches B Longer than 1.5 inches C Less than 1 inch long D Longer than 12 inches ```

B Longer than 1.5 inches

``` One ejaculation from a bull typically contains ________ sperm A 1,000,000 B 500,000 C 50,000,000 D 5,000,000 ```

D 5,000,000

``` When looking at DHI records, what do the letters RHA stand for? A Rolling Herd Average B Regional Holstein Associations C Registered Herd Ancestry D Registered Holstein Ancestry ```

A Rolling Herd Average

``` Which of the following is a compartment of the dairy cows stomach? A Duodenum B Jejunum C Ileum D Abomasum ```

D Abomasum

What state agency regulates waste management? A Texas Commission on Environmental Quality B Texas Health Commission C Texas Animal Health Commission D Environmental Preservation Agency

A Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

``` A dairy cow that has her feet too far forward (under her belly) is said to be: A Cow hocked B Splay footed C Sickle hocked D Post legged ```

C Sickle hocked

``` A very popular dairy management software in Texas is: A Dairyhelp4U B Dairy Power vs. 2 C Dairy Comp 305 D Basic Dairy 101 ```

C Dairy Comp 305

``` What percent of crude protein should a calf starter be? A 10-12 B 6-8 C 16-18 D 22-24 ```

C 16-18

``` Milk traits, i.e. fat, protein, SNF and etc., tend to have a heritability of about: A 20-30% B 51% or more C 10% or less D 40-50% ```

A 20-30%

Research has shown that by formulating lactating cow rations with proper amounts of certain amino acids, we can decrease the crude protein content of the ration and reduce ________ ? A Bloat B Phosphorus C Nitrogen excretion D Acidosis

C Nitrogen excretion

``` How much more energy do fats contain per unit than carbohydrates and proteins? A 3 B 3.25 C 2 D 2.25 ```

D 2.25

``` Which cows have higher protein requirements? A Low-producing pregnant cows B High-producing open cows C Low-producing open cows D High-producing pregnant cows ```

D High-producing pregnant cows

``` About 90% of U.S. dairies use a ________ milking schedule. A Milk on Demand B Twice/day C Three times/day D Once/day ```

B Twice/day

``` What does NFO stand for? A National Farmers Order B National Feed Organization C National Farmers Organization D National Food Organization ```

C National Farmers Organization

``` Regarding feed formulation, what does CAD stand for? A Cation-Anion Difference B Carbohydrate- Amino Degradation C Cation-Amonia Difference D Cation-Anion Degree ```

A Cation-Anion Difference

``` Nutritionists have developed a test to compare one alfalfa sample to another, determining the RFV of each. RFV stands for: A Regulative Free Velocity B Risk for Value C Real Food Value D Relative Forage Value ```

D Relative Forage Value

``` An average Holstein cow should give ________ pounds per day for each lactation. A 8.5 B 50 C 400 D 165 ```

B 50

``` The hormone BST is given to dairy cows: A After 200 days of lactation B Right before the dry period C In the first 45 days of lactation D 100-199 days after calving ```

A After 200 days of lactation

``` In reference to reproduction, what does CL stand for? A Compound Lepto B Corpus Luteum C Cattle Lutalysis D Cervix Lymphocyte ```

B Corpus Luteum

``` What trait with the only positive genetic correlation to milk production? A Udder B Dairy character C Body capacity D Feet and legs ```

B Dairy character

``` The hormone ________ stimulates milk let down and may be administered via injection, when necessary after parturition. A Estrogen B Oxytocin C Progesterone D BovaTec ```

B Oxytocin

``` When evaluating dairy rations what do the letters NE stand for? A Net Equivalence B Non Essential C Non Edible D Net Energy ```

D Net Energy

``` What type of mastitis is the easiest to cure? A Paratuberliocsis B Staph Aureus C Coliforms D Streptococus agalactae ```

D Streptococus agalactae

``` Fermented forage plants relates to: A Silage B Flash grazing C Strip grazing D Hay ```

A Silage

Feeding proper rations during the summer is important for both cow comfort and maintaining milk production. Which nutrient is most important during the summer months? A Water B Protein C Fat D Vitamins

A Water

``` Approximately how many gallons of blood pass through the udder for each gallon of milk produced? A 100-200 gallons B 200-300 gallons C 400-500 gallons D 300-400 gallons ```

C 400-500 gallons

Allelomimetic behavior is defined as: A The tendency for animals to separate from the herd B The tendency for animals to produce young with the characteristics of their parents C The tendency for a group of animals to do the same thing at the same time D The tendency for animals to flee

C The tendency for a group of animals to do the same thing at the same time

``` In a cow, where would you find an alveolus? A Skin B Intestine C Brain D Udder ```

D Udder

``` What is NAFTA? A North American Free Trade Association B North American Free Trade Agreement C North African Free Trade Association D North American Forage Trade Association ```

B North American Free Trade Agreement

``` Which hormone produced by the uterus causes regression of the corpus luteum? A FSH B LH C PGF D GnRH ```

C PGF

Many dairymen dock the tail on their cows much to the chagrin of Animals Rights groups. They believe this is necessary to: A Prevent the accidental, early detachment of the milking unit B Insure the milking unit can be properly attached C Avoid injury to their milk hands D Reduce the incidence of mastitis

D Reduce the incidence of mastitis

``` Which of the compartments of a cow's four-compartment stomach acts as the true stomach? A Reticulum B Omasum C Abomasum D Rumen ```

C abomasum

``` Which part of an animal touches the ground if he/she is walking on a correct set of feet and legs? A Dewclaw B Pastern C Sole D Knee ```

C Sole

``` How much water can a lactating cow consume in one day? A 15 gallons B 5 gallons C 25 gallons D 35 gallons ```

C 25 gallons

``` What stomach compartments are not developed in a newborn calf? A Rumen and reticulum B Abomasum and omasum C Rumen and omasum D Abomasum and rumen ```

A Rumen and reticulum

``` A dairy cow may not reach her highest milk yield until she is: A 4-5 years old B 5-9 years old C 3-4 years old D Over 10 years old ```

B 5-9 years old

``` What are two methods for shortening udder hair? A Electrolysis and waxing B Singeing and waxing C Clipping and straight razor shaving D Clipping and singeing ```

D Clipping and singeing

``` What is another term for the lowest lateral regions of the abdomen, near the groin? A Inguinal B Gubernaculum C Abomasum D Dorsal ```

A Inguinal

``` The only aspect of milk quality that can be completely controlled on the farm is ________ . A Milk flavor B Bacteria counts C Drug residue D Milk protein ```

C Drug residue

``` A perfect score for a cow according to the Dairy Cow Unified Score Card is: A 100 B 50 C 1000 D 500 ```

A 100

In a study of milk parlors conducted by researchers at the University of Florida, how did parallels perform when compared to herringbones? A Parallels out performed herringbones by nearly 8 percent B Herringbones out performed parallels by nearly 8 percent C Parallels were 50% slower D They performed the same

A Parallels out performed herringbones by early 9 percent

``` Which reproductive condition results when the fetal membranes remain within the uterus for an extended period following parturition? A Retained placenta B Ruptured follicle C Prolapsed uterus D Retained ovum ```

A Retained placenta

``` When a cow comes into heat every few days, she is referred to as? A Gestation B Anestrus C Lactation D Cystic ```

D Cystic

Young dairy calves frequently suffer and may die due to scours. The chief cause of deadly scours at this age is: A The bacteria Escherichia Coli B Excessive colostrum intake C Excessive intake of milk replacer D Internal parasites, primarily the roundworm

A The bacteria Escherichia Coli

``` Milk sugars are not very soluble. Some people have difficulty hydrolyzing them in their bodies. This problem is called ________ . A Lactose irritability B Lactose intolerance C Lactose indigestibility D Lactose adjustment ```

B Lactose intolerance

``` Where are non-degradable proteins absorbed? A Large intestine B Small Intestine C Rumen D Liver ```

B Small Intestine

``` When feeding close-up cows a calcium deficient diet, which gland is stimulated? A Mammary gland B Pituitary Gland C Parathyroid gland D Hypothalamus Gland ```

C Parathyroid gland

``` Which of the following is the most popular type of cheese in the United States? A Swiss B Cheddar C Mozzarella D Colby ```

B Cheddar

``` What do the letters NRC stand for? A National Research Chapter B National Research Center C National Research Council D National Research Company ```

C National Research Council

``` A Milking herds TMR should be available to cows how many hours throughout the day? A 5 to 9 B 10 to 12 C 15 to 18 D 20 to 24 ```

D 20 to 24

``` Each animal inherits certain genes from both parents. What percentage of genes does a calf receive from its sire? A 50 percent B 75 percent C 25 percent D 85 percent ```

A 50 percent

``` When does the greatest mammary tissue growth occur during a cows life? A During the first pregnancy B At puberty C Before she is born D During the second pregnancy ```

A During the first pregnancy

``` Which one of the following describes biotin? A A source of energy B A trace mineral C An amino acid D A B-Vitamin ```

D A B-Vitamin

``` A bovine female which has not had a calf is a: A Filly B Pullet C Gilt D Heifer ```

D Heifer

``` Milk let down in a dairy cow may be stimulated by: A Feeding the cow B Electric shock applied to the cow C Hollering at the cow D Stressing the cow ```

A Feeding the cow

``` The typical lactation curve shows a dairy cow reaching her peak production about ________ days into the lactation cycle. A 5-10 days B 50-70 days C 20-30 days D 120-180 days ```

B 50-70 days

``` Milking time is best reduced by: A Preparing cows properly B Decreasing vacuum C Speeding up pulsators D Increasing vacuum ```

A Preparing cows properly

``` This bacteria causes Circling Disease´in cattle: A Salmonella B Leucosis C Mycoplasma D Listeria ```

D Listeria

``` Dry cows need 0.8 percent K in their diet. What element is K? A Calcium B Potassium C Phosphorus D Lead ```

B Potassium

``` Rotary Parlors or Carousel milk barns have the advantage of being ________ when compared to other type barns. A Safer B More Versatile C Faster D Cheaper ```

C Faster

``` When the environmental temperature falls below 30F, the normal diet of a young calf should be supplemented with ________ ? A Warm Fresh Milk B Protein C Energy D Vitamin A ```

C Energy

``` Which body part is located more towards the front of the animal? A Stifle B Flank C Tail head D Switch ```

B Flank

``` Legally you cannot make cottage cheese from raw milk, but you can make ________ from raw milk. A Ice cream B Cheddar cheese C Sour cream D Yogurt ```

B Cheddar cheese

``` What percentage of whole milk is fat when compared on a dry matter basis? A Exactly 100 percent B About 50 percent C About 10 percent D About 25 percent ```

D About 25 percent

``` Dairy cattle have a ________ field of vision to their front. A 180-270 degree B Less than 90 degree C 90-180 degree D 300 + degree ```

D 300 + degree

``` What is the name of the term for a farms unique identification number that is part of the National Animal Identification System? A Premis ID B RFID C Zip Code D Registration ID ```

A Premis ID

``` Milk with over ________ somatic cell count cannot legally be shipped in the United States? A 500,000 B 200,000 C 750,000 D 400,000 ```

D 400,000

``` What is the USDAs AIPL? A Animal Improvement Program Library B Animal Import Processing Language C Animal Improvement Program Lab D Animal Import Program Liability ```

C Animal Improvement Program Lab

``` When referring to milk test used at the processing plant, what is a DMC? A Direct Micro Compatibility B Direct Measurement Control C Direct Microscopic Counts D Direct Microscopic Cells ```

C Direct Microscopic Counts

``` Dairy cattle where first successfully cloned in the ________ . A 1980's B 2000's C 1880's D 1950's ```

B 2000's

``` What is the FAS? A Final Agriculture Service B Food and Agriculture Service C Foreign Agricultural Service D Finland Agriculture Service ```

C Foreign Agricultural Service

``` What is the USAHA? A U S Animal Health Award B U S Animal Housing Association C U S Animal Health Association D U S Agricultural Health Administrator ```

C U S Animal Health Association

``` A calfs birth weight is approximately ________ % of its mature weight. A 10 B 5 C 1 D 20 ```

B 5

``` What does GnRH stand for? A Genotype Reflection Hormone B Genuine Recessive Hormone C Gestation Repression Hormone D Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ```

D Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

``` What is the reasonable score for body condition at mid-lactation? A 2 B 3 C 1 D 4.5 ```

B 3

``` A mutation where a calf is born with a single toe on one or more feet is called A Cloven-hoof B Single-foot C Mule-foot D Ungulate Toe ```

C Mule-foot

``` The condition in which the cow is giving more milk than nutrients that she is consuming in feed is called: A Positive net energy balance B Over Milked C Negative net energy balance D More milk than feed ```

C Negative net energy balance

All U.S. dairy farms are inspected by state inspectors through a program coordinated by the Food and Drug Administration. Inspectors follow a publication called the PMO. What does PMO stand for? A Post-Milking Options B Pasteurized milk ordinance C Primary Milking Operations D Pre-milking Options

B Pasteurized milk ordinance

Cow comfort has been linked to milk production in numerous research studies. Which of the following is NOT an example of a way to improve cow comfort used by dairymen: A Providing air mattresses for the cows to lay on B Reducing air flow through the barn during cool weather C Providing wading pools allowing them to cool off during hot weather D Allowing them access to their new born calf for the 1st 30 days

D Allowing them access to their new born calf for the 1st 30 days

What does the term freshen mean in relation to dairy production? A To give birth B To stop producing milk C Exhibits signs of extreme agitation or freshness D To become pregnant

A To give birth

``` Reduced gestation length and retained placenta typically are the first symptoms of ________ vitamin deficiency A Vitamin K B Vitamin B C Vitamin D D Vitamin A ```

D Vitamin A

How is a dairys RHA calculated? A By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow years in the herd last year. B By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow years in the herd this year. C By adding the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days to the total number of cow years in the herd last year. D By multiplying the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by total number cow years in the herd this year.

A By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cows

``` What do the letters EU stands for? A Eastern Union B Eastern Understanding C European Union D European Underline ```

C European Union

``` A mutation where calves have little or no control over the movement of their legs is called A Limber leg B Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency C Mule-foot D Weaver syndrome ```

A Limber leg

``` A free martin is considered a A Sterile heifer born twin to a bull B Sterile bull born twin to a heifer C Cow that has just weaned a calf D Virgin heifer that has not yet been bred ```

A Sterile heifer born twin to a bull

``` What structural carbohydrate component makes older plants less digestible than younger plants? A Fructrose B Lignin C Sucrose D Cellulose ```

B Lignin

``` What is the accepted standard length for a lactation record in dairy cattle? A 200 days B 365 days C 305 days D 100 days ```

C 305 days

``` If the heat detection rate is 30% and the conception rate is 30%, what is the pregnancy rate? A 9% B 60% C 30% D 15% ```

A 9%

``` The first feeding of colostrum should equal about ________ percent of the calfs body weight? A 2 B 1 C 10 D 5 ```

D 5

``` The source of rennet (a substance used in cheese making) is: A A tropical plant B Insect Larvae C The abomasum of a milk fed calf D Sugar beets ```

C The abomasum of a milk fed calf

``` To dairymen, the most harmful disease impacting milk production and their economic bottom line is: A BUV B BSE C Mastitis D Vibriosis ```

C Mastitis

``` On the PDCA Unified Dairy Score Card, the category feet and legs accounts for how many points? A 30 B 15 C 10 D 20 ```

D 20

``` What kinds of relationship do cattle and the microorganisms in their rumen share? A Parasitic B Symbiotic C Electrostatic D A-Biotic ```

B Symbiotic

``` The rear quarters produce ________ % of the daily milk yield. A 20% B 80% C 60% D 40% ```

C 60%

``` Which mineral is found in high concentrations in soft tissues such as the pancreas, liver, and kidney? A Sulfur B Zinc C Selenium D Sodium ```

B Zinc

``` What is the hormone that causes Uterine contractions to assist in parturition? A Oxytocin B Progesterone C Prostaglandin D Estrogen ```

A Oxytocin

The CWT programs stands for Cooperatives Working Together. Which of the following describes the function of this program? A A state-wide program that addresses the cost of dairy feeds B A national dairy farmer-funded program that is used to help stabilize milk prices C The world-wide cooperative network for agricultural products D An international program used to market whey proteins

B A national dairy farmer-funded program that is used to help stabilize milk prices

``` The portion of the ruminant digestive system which is known as and functions as the true stomach is the: A Reticulum B Abomasum C Proventriculus D Omasum ```

B Abomasum

``` Almost 95% of the dairy cows in the U.S. are: A Brown Swiss B Holstein C Angus D Jersey ```

B Holstein

What do the letters IDFA stand for? A International Dairy Farmers Association B International Dairy Foods Association C International Dairy Food Act D International Dairy Finance Administrators

B International Dairy Foods Association

``` The rumen of a cow is located: A Along the top of an animal B Right side of the body C Left side of the body D Rear of the animal ```

C Left side of the body

``` The hooks and pins on an animal relate most closely to the: A Rump B Thigh C Feet and legs D Udder ```

A Rump

Texas dairies normally must be permitted by the ________ before they begin operations. A Texas Commission on Environmental Quality B Dairy Herd Improvement Association C Texas Farm Bureau D Environmental Protection Agency

A Texas Commission on Environment Quality

``` Endocrinology is the science dealing with ________ . A Carbohydrates B The lymphatic system C Hormones D Lipids ```

C Hormones

``` The rumen of a mature cow will hold approximately: A 10 gallons B 20 gallons C 5 gallons D 40 gallons ```

D 40 gallons

``` What bacterium causes Johnes disease in cattle? A Johnes Virus B E-Coli. C Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis D Colostridium ```

C Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis

Dairy rations, especially those for high producing cows, may be buffered to maintain a desirable rumen pH. The most common buffering agent for this is: A Calcium B Sodium Bicarbonate C Magnesium D Sulfates

B Sodium Bicarbonate

``` When is the best time to feed anionic salts to dairy cows? A The day before calving B Two weeks prior to calving C While the cow is calving D Immediately after calving ```

B Two weeks prior to calving

``` A rolling herd average (RHA) is based on how many months? A Twenty four B Twelve C Lifetime of the cow D One ```

B Twelve

``` What does BVD stand for? A Bovine Viral Disease B Bovine Viral Diarrhea C Bovine Viral Defecation D Bovine Viral Distress ```

B Bovine Viral Diarrhea

``` If a dairy bull has been genetically tested to determine his genomic make-up, this will be indicated on his pedigree by what letters? A GTTPI B GTPI C TPI-G D DNA-TPI ```

B GTPI

``` The portion of the milker unit that first receives the milk as it is withdrawn from the cow is the: A Receiver jar B Low line C Claw D Milk meter ```

C Claw

``` What is a TMR to a dairy person? A Texas Milk Requirement B Typical Managed Ration C Total Mixed Ration D Time Management Recommendation ```

C Total Mixed Ration

``` Which of the following is an infectious disease? A Ringworm B Milk fever C Hardware disease D Bloat ```

A Ringworm

``` Which one of the following is NOT classified as a water soluble-vitamin? A Niacin B Vitamin A C Biotin D Folic acid ```

B Vitamin A

What are the four composite indexes calculated by the Holstein Association? A Udder, feet and legs, body color, & dairy character B Udder, feet and legs, body form, & dairy character C Teats, feet and legs, body form, & dairy character D Udder, feet and legs, body form, & dairy quality

B Udder, feet and legs, body form, & dairy character

``` According to the American Veterinary Medicine Association, the preferred method of dehorning young calves is ________ . A Cauterizing veins B Gouging C Disbudding D Caustic paste ```

C Disbudding

``` Which part of the digestive tract is responsible for absorbing excess water? A Small intestines B Omasum C Large intestines D Rumen ```

C Large intestines

When sanitizing milking equipment with water, the temperature must be a minimum of 170 degrees F and the utensils are to be under the flow of water for ________ minute(s). A 5 B 10 C 1 D 15

A 5

What do nonstructural carbohydrates consist of? A Proteins, Acids, and Alkalis B Plant sugars, Lactic Acid, and Potassium C Plant proteins, Pectin, and Sugar D Plant starch, Pectin, and Sugar

D Plant starch, Pectin, and Sugar

``` Which one of the following is the name of the part of the cows back that lies between the withers and the loin? A Thurl B Poll C Chine D Rump ```

C Chine

``` The top most part of a cow's head is called the: A Pin B Knoll C Poll D Hook ```

C Poll

``` Alfalfa is an example of ________ in a dairy ration. A Roughage B Probiotic C Concentrate D Energy Supplement ```

A roughage

``` One of the highest heritability traits for milk is: A Volume B Milking Rate C Total solids D % Protein ```

D % Protein

Many dairies place bands on their cows necks or feet, with black boxes containing electronic I.D. , production, and management information. These units are called: A Black boxes B I boxes C Foot drives D Transponders

D Transponders

``` Which dairy breeds milk is golden-yellow in color? A Ayrshire B Jersey C Milking shorthorn D Guernsey ```

D Guernsey

``` What is Milk Fever paresis caused by? A Low blood levels of ionized calcium B Low blood levels of ionized sodium C Low blood levels of ionized zinc D Low blood levels of ionized vitamin-D ```

A Low blood levels of ionized calcium

``` Name the three common places Coliforms are found. A Laboratories, hospitals, and offices B Mud, water, and blood C Mud, water, and manure D Milk, mucus, and water ```

C Mud, water, and manure

Fresh milk, at a dairy, is required to be cooled to a minimum of 50 degrees F within 4 hours time after milking. However many larger dairies are using a ________ to accomplish this within minutes. A Plate chiller B Refrigeration unit C Dry ice D Tanker truck

A Plate chiller

``` What describes the fraction of the ration proteins, which is broken down by digestive enzymes and utilized by rumen bacteria? A % Water Dissolvable Protein B % Total Digestible Protein C % Bacterial Protein D % Degradable proteins ```

D % Degradable proteins

``` What are structural carbohydrates made of? A Lignin, sucrose, and cellulose B Cellulose, hemicellulose, lactose C Cellulose, fructose, and saccharin D Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin ```

D Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin

Protein is a combination of amino acids. The amino acids are unique among compounds involved in nutrition because they contain what element? A Phosphorous B Nitrogen C Copper D Calcium

B Nitrogen

``` Generally, high-producing Holsteins eat ________ pounds of dry matter per day? A 25-30 B 75-100 C 45-55 D 10-20 ```

C 45-55

Normal presentation of a calf for parturition will have: A Hind legs towards rear of the cow with head and front legs facing down B One front leg towards rear of the cow along side head, other front leg down C Buttocks of the calf toward rear of the cow with all 4 legs and head facing down D Front feet toward rear of the cow with head, nose first, between them

D Front feet toward the rear of the cow with head, nose first, between them

``` What is the CCC? A Commodity Credit Corporation B Caring Cats Corporation C Crazy Cow Corporation D Cow Chemistry Center ```

A Commodity Credit Corporation

``` How many days after parturition should you wait before breeding a cow back? A 10 days B 60 days C 365 days D 120 days ```

B 60 days

``` Cheddar cheese accounts for ________ % of American type cheeses made in the U.S. A 65 B 80 C 72 D 78 ```

B 80

``` How often will HACCP inspect each Dairy Farm? A A minimum of once each month B A minimum of once each year C A minimum of every 6 months D A minimum of every 2 years ```

C A minimum of every 6 months

What are ways to avoid milk fever in cows? A Fasting dry cows two weeks before calving B Both feeding low-potassium hay and/or silage to dry cows AND adding anionic salts to the dry cow ration C Feeding low-potassium hay and/or silage to dry cows D Adding anionic salts to the dry cow ration

B Both feeding low-potassium hay and/or silage to dry cows AND adding anionic salts to the dry cow ration

``` Which of the following is not a commonly used estrus synchronization program for dairy cattle? A Post-synch B Pre-synch C CIDR D Heat-synch ```

A Post-synch

``` Which dairy breed has a restriction for disallowing black markings? A Ayrshire B Guernsey C Milking Shorthorn D Jersey ```

C Milking Shorthorn

``` Dairy Management Inc. introduced the ________ social media program for dairy advocates? A Dairy farming today B Dairy goddess C myDairy D Facebook ```

C myDairy

``` What manure waste management puts solids in a bin and lets it degrade? A Slurry B Solid C Lagoon D Composting ```

D Composting

``` Limber leg is found most often in the ________ dairy breed? A Jersey B Guernsey C Brown Swiss D Holstein ```

A Jersey

``` The most common pathogen found in raw milk is: A Escherichia coli B Campylobacter C Salmonella D Cryptosporidia ```

A Escherichia coli

``` The number one reason for culling in U.S. dairy herds is: A Reproductive failure B Mastitis C Lameness D Age ```

A Reproductive failure

``` What numerical value does a Holstein cow get when given the classification good? A 75-79.9 B <70 C 90-100 D 85-89.9 ```

A 75-79.9

``` The breed of dairy cow generally credited with producing the highest % of both milk fat and protein is the: A Jersey B Brown Swiss C Holstein D Aryshire ```

A Jersey

%DBH stands for what? A Percentage of Dead Born Heifers B Percentage of Dead Breathing Heifers C Percentage of Difficulty Breeding in Heifers D Percentage of Difficult Births in Heifers

D Percentage of Difficult Births in Heifers

``` What is the BFP? A Butter Fat Price B Basic Formula Price C Basic Foundation Price D Basic Formula Preparation ```

B Basic Formula Price

``` The dairy breed which produces the highest volume of milk is the: A Aryshire B Holstein C Brown Swiss D Milking Shorthorn ```

B Holstein

``` What acid is formed when nonstructural carbohydrates are digested in the rumen? A Citric acid B Propyl-hydro chloride C Lactic acid D Propionic acid ```

D Propionic acid

``` Which of the following diseases is not caused by a virus? A Warts B BVD C Laminitis D Cow pox ```

C Laminitis

``` When referring to vaccinations, what do the letters MLV stand for? A Modified Limited Vaccine B Model Linked Viruses C Modified Live Virus D Milk Line Vaccination ```

C Modified Live Virus

``` "Weaver Syndrome" is most often found in the ________ dairy breed? A Jersey B Holstein C Guernsey D Brown Swiss ```

D Brown Swiss

``` What are the two types of ovarian cysts? A follicular and luteal B ovum and luteal C follicular and ovum D follicular and horn ```

A follicular and luteal

``` What ration ingredients contain the highest concentration of energy? A Minerals B Sugars C Fats D Carbohydrates ```

C Fats

``` Neospora caninum is a major cause of what in pregnant cows? A Abortion B Parturition C Chronic diarrhea D Nutrition deficiency ```

A Abortion

``` Grass Tetany may occur in early lactation cows grazing lush, heavily, fertilized pastures. Grass Tetany is caused by a ________ deficiency. A Thiamine B Magnesium C Vitamin E D Calcium ```

B Magnesium

The circulatory system of a dairy cow is very important to milk production. A dairy cow must circulate about ________ blood for each pound of milk produced. A 400 pounds B 200 pounds C 8 pounds D 50 pounds

A 400 pounds

``` In regards to dairy production RHA refers to: A Rolling Herd Average B Reckless Herdsman Attitude C Registered Herd Ancestry D Rollover Her Amplitude ```

A Rolling Herd Average

A dairyman may milk in a rapid exit barn. This simply means that: A The barn has NO sidewalls and this allows all the cows access to the outside immediately upon release B The barn was constructed with adequate exits to facilitate safe removal of all cows in the event of a fire C The cows leave the milkers via an alley wide enough to allow 2 or more cows side by side D The barn has NO individual milking stalls but has long hoses allowing the milkers to be placed on the cow wherever she is standing in the barn

C The cows leave the milkers via an alley wide enough to allow 2 or more cows side by side

``` Lactation is unique to ________ . A Insects B Mammals C Crustaceans D Reptiles ```

B Mammals

``` What is the classification for a Holstein cow given the numerical value of less than 70? A Good plus B Good C Fair D Poor ```

D Poor

``` When doing classification scoring, a cow given the numerical value of 85-89.9 is classified as: A Very good B Poor C Fair D Excellent ```

A Very good

When compared to normal corn silage, brown mid-rib corn silage has more energy and high digestibility. This is due largely to its lower content of ________ . A Fat B Lignin C Starch D Potassium

B Lignin

``` What should the pH of a close up Holstein's urine be? A Between 2.0 and 3.0 B Between 1.0 and 2.0 C Between 6.0 and 6.5 D Between 11.0 and 12.0 ```

C Between 6.0 and 6.5

``` HTST is a ________ A Genetic Marker in Holstein Cattle B Milking parlor design C Breed of dairy cow D Pasteurizing system ```

D Pasteurizing system

``` Pest Predators will travel up to ________ yards to find their food source (fly pupae). A 80 B 40 C 60 D 50 ```

A 80

``` Cows that are at risk of developing ketosis can be fed what vitamin to help prevent ketosis? A Vitamin-C B Zinc C Niacin D B-complex ```

C Niacin

``` The two U.S. dairy breeds that originated in the Channel Islands off the coast of France are: A Jersey and Holstein B Guernsey and Jersey C Ayrshire and Milking Shorthorn D Milking Shorthorn and Guernsey ```

B Guernsey and Jersey

``` High potassium intake will decrease a cows ability to mobilize what? A Bone phosphorus B Bone calcium C Immunoglobulins D Lymphocytes ```

B Bone calcium

``` At what isoelectric point (point at which proteins have net zero charge) do caseins precipitate? A pH 8.1 B pH 4.6 C pH 5.2 D pH 7.5 ```

B pH 4.6

``` Dairy heifers need to be bred at ________ of age assuming they are at least 65% of their adult weight at that time. A 12 months B 18 months C 6 months D 15 months ```

D 15 months

``` A switch on a cow is: A Located beneath the heart girth B A fluff of hair on the forehead C The area directly behind the withers D The bottom most part of the tail ```

D The bottom most part of the tail

``` In cows, salmonellosis infections are most common in those that have calved within ________ . A 2 days B 20 days C 10 days D 50 days ```

C 10 days

``` What percent of lactating dairy cows have oxytocin in their bloodstreams during milking? A 60% B 50% C 100% D 75% ```

C 100%

``` This vitamin plays a role in the coagulation of blood: A Vitamin K B Vitamin B12 C Vitamin C D Vitamin A ```

A Vitamin K

``` Normal body temperature for a dairy cow is ________ . A 99.5 degrees F B 107.5 degrees F C 101.5 degrees F D 98.5 degrees F ```

C 101.5 degrees F

``` The standard length of the dry period in dairy cattle is ________ ? A 283 days B 100 days C 60 days D 30 days ```

C 60 days

``` What percent of milk is water? A 50 percent B 93 percent C 82 percent D 87 percent ```

D 87 percent

``` What machine is used to determine if water has been added to milk? A Antioscope B Water Monitor C Cryoscope D Acme Milk Saver ```

C Cryoscope

``` When discussing feed mixers, what is the range of manufacturers recommended mixing times? A 3-6 minutes B 7-9 minutes C 10-15 minutes D 1-2 minutes ```

A 3-6 minutes

``` In dairy cows, what is the name of the disease caused by the organisms Staph Aureus, Strep Uberis, and Klebsiella? A Mastitis B Listerosis C Brucellois D Metritis ```

A Mastitis

``` A Babcock test may be used to measure the ________ % of milk. A Beta carotene B Fat C Protein D Somatic cell count ```

B Fat

``` What is subcutaneous injection? A It is administered intradermal B It is administered via the blood vessels C It is administered in the muscle D It is administered under the skin ```

D It is administered under the skin

``` Corn silage, stored in upright, top-unloading silos, should be chopped at what percent moisture? A 92 to 95 percent moisture B 72 to 75 percent moisture C 62 to 65 percent moisture D 82 to 85 percent moisture ```

C 62 to 65 percent moisture

``` When comparing bulls for artificial insemination, what does SCR stand for? A Sperm conception rate B Sire conception rate C Service conception rate D Sibling conception rate ```

B Sire conception rate

``` When using a body condition scoring system of 1 to 5, what does a score of 5 mean? A Average body condition B Extremely fat C Below average body condition D Extremely thin ```

B Extremely fat

``` What is intra muscular injection? A It is administered via the blood vessels B It is administered in the muscle C It is administered intradermal D It is administered under the skin ```

B It is administered in the muscle

``` Milk fever is also (scientifically) known as what? A Parturient paresis B Postpartum paresis C Mamogenesis D Masticular Paresis ```

A Parturient paresis

``` Milk that is low in SCC has more casein, which is a primary component in ________ ? A Milk B Cheese C Butter D Cream ```

B Cheese

When discussing lactation records, what does the term ³fat corrected milk´mean? A The lactation record has an average amount of milk fat B Fat has been extracted from the milk to the correct level C Fat has been added to the milk to the correct level D Lactation records have been adjusted to the same milk fat percentage

D Lactation records have been adjusted to the same milk fat percentage

``` A material used in a footbath for cows with foot rot problems is: A Copper sulfate B Monosodium phosphate C Calcium carbonate D Sodium chloride ```

A Copper sulfate

``` The breed of dairy cattle that can be roan, all red, all white, or even spotted red and white is: A Holstein B Ayrshire C Milking Shorthorn D Guernsey ```

C Milking Shorthorn

``` What is the approximate time of ovulation in cattle after the beginning of heat? A 30 hours B 3 hours C 60 hours D 90 hours ```

A 30 hours

``` What manure waste management method runs manure across a press and squeezes the water out? A Lagoon B Solids removal C Slurry D Liquid ```

B Solids removal

``` Heritability for milk production in dairy cattle is: A 50% B 5% C 80% D 30% ```

D 30%

``` A dairy expects to cull approximately ________ % of their herd each year. A 50 B 25-30 C 70 D 10 ```

B 25-30

``` For best results calves should be fed colostrum within ________ hours of calving: A 1st hour B 3 hours C 6 hours D First day ```

C 6 hours

``` Fumonsin and zearalenone are examples of: A Vitamins B Mycotoxins C Minerals D Carbohydrates ```

B Mycotoxins

``` In the ruminant digestive system, which to the following is the name of first section of the small intestine that is connected to the abomasum? A Ileum B Duodenum C Omasum D Jejunum ```

B Duodenum

``` What percent of the cows feed intake is consumed during the daylight hours? A 70% B 65% C 50% D 90% ```

A 70%

``` The ________ is the device responsible for regulating both the vacuum level and the proportion of the vacuum for the front and rear quarters. A Inflation B Milk meter C Claw D Pulsator ```

D Pulsator

It is widely acknowledged that a calcium/phosphorus ration of about ________ ________ is best for a dairy ration since this mirrors that of the cows body. A 10:1 B 5:1 C 1:1 D 2:1

D 2:1

``` A disease causing air bubbles under the skin and usually results in rapid death is ________ . A Hardware disease B Black leg C Milk fever D Vibriosis ```

B Black leg

``` If the freezing point of a sample of raw milk is above 30 degrees F this indicates: A Normal Sample B High butterfat % C Low butterfat % D High % of water ```

D High % of water

``` What does the acronym IPM stands for? A International pest management B Integrated pest management C Internal pest management D Insect Problem Management ```

B Integrated pest management

``` What does NSC stand for? A Nitrogen Standard Calculation B Nonstructural Carbohydrates C Nitrogen Substitute Calories D Nonstructural Carbons ```

B Nonstructural Carbohydrates

``` A dairy cow that has all 8 permanent incisor teeth can be considered to be a minimum of ________ old. A 4 years B 1 year C 2 years D 3 years ```

A 4 years

``` The Global Dairy Agenda for Action is a pledge to reduce ________ emissions in an attempt to address global warming? A Sulfur B Nitrous oxide C Manure odor D Carbon ```

D Carbon

``` The medical name tarsal hygroma, a common aliment of dairy cows is commonly called:: A Acidosis B Foot Wart C Swollen hock D Dehydration ```

C Swollen hock

``` What is lactogenesis? A The cessation of milk production B The initiation of milk secretion C The initiation of estrus D The initiation of mastitis ```

B The initiation of milk secretion

``` Where are structural carbohydrates found in the plant? A In the cell wall B In the cell organelles C In the cell nucleus D In the cell membrane ```

A In the cell wall

``` Which compartment of a dairy cow¶s stomach is located closest to the heart and it is a spot where hardware disease occurs? A Omasum B Reticulum C Abomasum D Rumen ```

B Reticulum

``` How many days after breeding can a pregnancy be detected by ultrasound? A Between 30 and 55 days B Between 28 to 30 days C Between 14 and 28 days D Before 14 days ```

B Between 28 to 30 days

``` What is the sex chromosome configuration of a male calf? A XY B XX C FX D YY ```

A XY

``` Heart girth measurements of cows may be used to estimate: A Age B Body weight C Milk production D Calving date ```

B Body weight

``` Where are degradable proteins broken down? A Rumen B Reticulum C Omasum D Abomasum ```

A Rumen

``` Cows treated with BST typically show an increase in milk production of: A 25% B 10% C 50% D 2% ```

B 10%

A ________ is usually necessary when feeding Dairy Cows TMR rations. A Mixer box on a truck or trailer B Vertical concentrate bin C Feed trough or bunk feeder in milk barn D Auger system in parlor

A Mixer box on a truck or trailer

``` Which dairy breed originated in the central part of the European continent? A Guernsey B Ayrshire C Brown Swiss D Milking Shorthorn ```

C Brown Swiss

``` What numerical value does a Holstein cow get when given the classification excellent? A 90-100 B 70-74.9 C <70 D 80-84.9 ```

A 90-100

``` What does NMPF stand for? A New Mexico Producers Funding B National Milk Producers Federation C National Milk Protein Foundation D Northern Milk Producers Formulation ```

B National Milk Producers Federation

``` The topline of a cow is made up of the: A Loin and stifle B Chine and stifle C Chine and flank D Loin and chine ```

D loin and chine

``` What is the USDEC? A United States Dairy Export Council B United States Dairy Export Corporation C United States Dairy Export Center D United States Dairy Export Company ```

A United States Dairy Export Council

``` Some Texas dairymen are placing Bermuda and/or corn forage into ________ for fermentation and silage production. A 4'X4'X8' bales B Long Metal Trays C Large Horizontal Cement Pipes D Large Plastic Bags ```

D Large Plastic Bags

``` What is intravenous injection? A It is administered under the skin B It is administered intradermal C It is administered via the blood vessels D It is administered in the muscle ```

C It is administered via the blood vessels

``` Dairy cows need roughage to concentrate ratio of approximately ________ to maintain the desired fat content in the milk. A 40/60 B 25/75 C 50/50 D 60/40 ```

A 40/60

The major advantage of a low-line milk line as compared to the older high-line is: A It is easier to dump waste milk B It has a lower vacuum requirement C You don't hit it with your head while walking D It can be a smaller I.D., so it is cheaper

B It has a lower vacuum requirement

``` Cattle grazing stressed on wilted hybrid sorghum/Johnson grass type pasture, may die as a result of ________ . A Intestinal tract abrasions B Nutrient overload C Prussic acid poisoning D Nutrient starvation ```

C Prussic acid poisoning

``` ________ represents the largest daily input cost in producing milk. A Animals B Feed C Water D Labor ```

B Feed

``` As a rule of thumb when milk production ________ , the milk fat content ________ . A Increases, increases B Stops, increases C Decreases, increases D Decreases, decreases ```

C Decreases, increases

``` Fats are broken down by a dairy cow in what part of her body? A Small intestine B Rumen C Large intestine D Pancreas ```

A Small intestine

``` Colostrum has approximately ________ calcium, as does regular milk. A The Same B Four Times C Two Times D Three Times ```

C Two Times

``` The two main problems that effect reproduction are: A Heat detection and ovarian cancer B Heat detection and cold stress C Heat detection and conception rates D Heat detection and heat stress ```

C Heat detection and conception rates

Many dairy bulls have their nose pierced with a ring in it. This allows for: A Training of the bull to an electric fence B Operation of the magnetic latch used for the self feeder C Individual identification information D Restraint and control of the animal

D Restraint and control of the animal

``` The milk produced on a dairy must be moved through a system of components and piping made from: A Galvanized steel B Fiberglass C High carbon steel D Stainless steel ```

D Stainless steel

``` ________ is a compound that is fermented for flavor in buttermilk and sour cream. A Glucose B Lactose C Citrate D Phosphatase ```

C Citrate

``` Producers using BST must give their cows an injection of it every: A Day B 30 days C 14 days D 7 days ```

C 14 days

``` What do the letters FSA stand for? A Farm Study Agency B Farm Safety Administration C Farm Service Agency D Farm Sales Agency ```

C Farm Service Agency

What combines the Predicted Transmitting Ability for protein, fat, type and udder composite index and ranks the animal on its ability to transmit a balance of these four traits A Pedigree Type Production Index B Herd Type Production Index C Type Production Index D Total Production Index

D Total Production Index

``` What is the most essential nutrient in animal feeding animals and maintaining health? A Water B Protein C Vitamins D Minerals ```

A Water

``` When discussing nutrition, what does NPN stand for? A Nonprotein nitrogen B Neutral protein nitrogen C Normal protein nitrogen D Natural protein nitrogen ```

A Nonprotein nitrogen

Quality forage is critical for a cow's milk production. Many people evaluate hay based upon its green color; others think the color is a poor indication of nutrient composition. However, green colored hay is generally considered to have a higher ________ content than more bleached out colored forage. A Vitamin B3 B Net Energy C Beta-carotene D Total Digestibility Nutrients

C Beta-carotene

``` The most costly form of mastitis is? A Clinical B Chronic C Subclinical D Acute ```

C Subclinical

``` At how many days can pregnancy be detected by palpation? A Between 14 and 35 days B Between 40 to 55 days C Between 60 and 95 days D Before 14 days ```

A Between 14 and 35 days

``` What do the letters FARAD stand for? A Food Animal Resistance Activity Database B Food Animal Residue Avoidance Data C Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank D Food Animal Resistance Activity Data ```

C Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank

``` Which major dairy breed association was the first to use computers to maintain breed registry records? A Milking Shorthorn B Guernsey C Holstein D Jersey ```

B Guernsey

``` When referring to rations, what do the letters NFC stand for? A Non-fungus Colony B Non-Fat Concentration C Non-forage Carbohydrates D Not for Consumption ```

C Non-forage Carbohydrates

``` Cows have ________ streak canals per teat. A 2 B 1 C 3 D 4-8 ```

B 1

In order to prevent bloat, the feed additive Poloxalene is often added to feed rations for cows that are grazing. Which of the following grazed forages are most likely to cause bloat? A Alfalfa and Clover B Wheat and barley C Fescue and orchard grass D Turnips and Sudan grass

A Alfalfa and Clover

``` After insemination, how long do sperm live in the cow's reproductive tract? A 24 hours B 20 minutes C 2 days D 6 hours ```

A 24 hours

A cow with high lactation persistence is important for a dairy's economic success. Lactation persistency is: A Cows Ability to maintain production under adverse climatic conditions B Cows ability to milk for 500 or more days C Cows Milk production this month divided by production last month X 100 D Tendency for a cow to milk for more than 30 minutes/milking

C Cows Milk production this month divided by production last month X 100

``` What does NFDM stand for? A Nonfat Dairy Milk B National Forum of Dairy Milkers C Nonfat Dry Milk D New Federal Dairy Mandate ```

C Nonfat Dry Milk

``` To maintain margins, you should be monitoring and making decisions based on your herd's IOFC. What do the initials IOFC stand for? A Income over forage cost B Income over feed costs C Income on feeding cows D Income over finance cost ```

B Income over feed costs

``` According to recent USDA surveys, what is the most popular age to wean dairy calves? A 4 weeks B 2 weeks C 9 weeks D 7 weeks ```

C 9 weeks

``` What is the most abundant mineral in the body? A Iodine B Copper C Cobalt D Calcium ```

D Calcium

``` To the hundredth, how many pounds of milk are in one gallon? A 8.52 pounds B 8.72 pounds C 8.62 pounds D 8.92 pounds ```

C 8.62

``` Parallel milk barns typically have several cows on each side. The cows are arranged in a ________ fashion in this barn. A Side by side (head out) B Head to tail C Slanted D Diagonal ```

A SIde by side (head out)

One form of biological pest management is a predator insect, that can be bought and released to help control flies at a dairy. Which of these is NOT true about these predators: A They may be bothersome to livestock and other animals B They are shipped during their papal stage and begin to control flies ones adults C They attack the flies at the egg stage D They are FDA approved for mass release

A They may be bothersome to livestock and other animals

``` BST is the acronym for what compound? A Barn Somatotropin B Bovine Special Tinticure C Bovine Somatotropin D Black Sodium Tapestry ```

C Bovine Somatotropin

``` Blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart are called: A Veins B Arteries C Lymphes D Capillaries ```

B Arteries

``` PTAT stands for what? A Predicted Transmitting Ability-Type B Progeny Testing At Time C Predicted Transforming Ability-Type D Progeny Transforming Ability-Type ```

A Predicted Transmitting Ability-Type

``` Manure digesters convert ________ fuel into electricity. A Propane B Ethanol C Methane D Biodiesel ```

C Methane

``` When a small metal object punctures the stomach wall and causes an infection, the resulting disease is called ________ . A Mastitis B Milk fever C Black leg D Hardware disease ```

D Hardware disease

``` In what year did the Holstein Association start its program of recording carriers of Undesirable Recessive Traits? A 1969 B 1986 C 1957 D 1974 ```

C 1957

``` Proponents of global warming having accused cows of being a major factor. This is due to their release of: A Gaseous Oxygen B Argon Gas C Carbon Dioxide Gas D Chloride Gas ```

C Carbon Dioxide Gas

``` On the PDCA Unified Dairy Score Card, the category ³dairy strength´accounts for how many points? A 25 B 10 C 20 D 15 ```

A 25

``` Colostrum given to a baby calf more than ________ hours old is NOT absorbed and thus does little good. A 24 B 48 C 12 D 6 ```

A 24

Bovine Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (BPDME) is better known as Weaver Syndrome@ because of A The regenerative process used to treat symptoms B The name of the person that first detected it C The location where it was first detected D The weaving gait of affected cattle

D The weaving gait of affected cattle

``` How frequently should an average cow freshen? A Once every 24 months B Once every 20 months C Once every 12 months D Only once in her lifetime ```

C Once every 12 months

``` Bulk tanks must be emptied and cleaned every ________ hours. A 48 B 72 C 84 D 120 ```

A 48

What is GATT? A General Agreement on Trades and Tariffs B General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade C General Agricultural Tariffs and Trades D General Alien Tariff and Trade

B General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

``` What is the classification for a Holstein cow given the numerical value 80-84.9? A Fair B Good C Poor D Good plus ```

D Good plus

``` What percent of dry matter in plants is made of carbohydrates? A 85 percent B 75 percent C 65 percent D 50 percent ```

B 75 percent

``` Body condition scores from 1 to 5 are used to track herd health and nutrition. Dry cows should have a body score from: A 0.5-1.0 B 2.5-3.0 C 3.5-4.0 D 2.0-2.5 ```

C 3.5-4.0

``` Feeding bulky feeds during the dry period and gradually bringing fresh cows back on grain are ways to prevent: A Ketosis B Milk fever C Mastitis D Displaced abomasum ```

D Displaced abomasum

``` What female hormone causes follicles to begin to develop? A Luteinizing hormone B Estrogen C Follicle stimulating hormone D Prolactin ```

C Follicle stimulating hormone

``` What units are used to measure energy? A Grams B Liters C Calories D Micro Farads ```

C Calories

``` What is a nonfunctional mammary gland called? A Nonproductive quarter B Absent quarter C Bulging quarter D Blind quarter ```

D Blind quarter

``` The portion of the ruminant digestive system which consists of many folds of tissue is the: A Abomasum B Reticulum C Gizzard D Omasum ```

D Omasum

``` If there are large numbers of flies around the dairy barn, what should be the first thing to be examined in an attempt to solve the fly problem? A Calf feeding procedures B Milking procedures C Cow feeding procedures D Manure handling procedures ```

D Manure handling procedures

``` Foot Rot is Scientifically known as what? A Interdigital phlegmon B Digital Divides C Intraheel laminitis D Digital Dermatitis ```

A Interdigital phlegmon

Manure management is a major concern for most modern, large-scale dairies. The newest management techniques being used involve: A Storing the manure in lagoons until it is applied to fields as irrigation water and nutrients B Collecting the methane gas being produced and using it as an energy source on the dairy C Manure management is NOT a problem since we all know this is a natural process D Scraping into huge piles and drying before it is shipped offsite

B Collecting the methane gas being produced and using it as an energy source on the dairy

``` How many days into a pregnancy can a fetus be sexed by ultrasound? A Between 40 and 50 days B Between 14 and 30 days C Before 14 days D After 55 days ```

D After 55 days

``` Brucellosis is also known as: A Milk fever B Ketosis C Mastitis D Bangs ```

D Bangs

``` A ________ gene in Black and White Holsteins is responsible for the red and white color being expressed at times: A Co-dominant B Recessive C Incomplete Dominant D Dominant ```

B Recessive

``` A condition of low blood calcium, which results in partial paralysis of the cow is known as ________ . A Milk fever B Bovine virus diarrhea C Hardware disease D Brucellosis ```

A Milk fever

``` Thurl position´is a trait evaluated in the ________ category on the PDCA Unified Scorecard? A Frame B Dairy strength C Udder D Rear feet and legs ```

D Rear feet and legs

``` What bacterium causes cattle tuberculosis (TB)? A Mycobacterium avious B Mycobacterium bovis C Mycobacterium canine D Mycobacterium ovius ```

B Mycobacterium bovis

``` According to the NRC, what percent calcium should a dry cow ration contain? A .39 percent B 10 percent C 1 percent D 2 percent ```

A .39 percent

``` In regards to pedigrees, what is a RHA? A Rolling Herd Average B Registered Herd Ancestry C Registered Holstein Ancestry D Registered Herd Average ```

C Registered Holstein Ancestry

``` In which breed of cow is the incidence of milk fever most common? A Guernsey B Jersey C Brown Swiss D Ayrshire ```

B Jersey

``` Which purebred dairy breed association introduced a dairy price stabilization´program in 2009? A Holstein B Guernsey C Ayshire D Jersey ```

A Holstein

``` Milk should be below what temperature before it is transferred to a milk truck? A 40 degrees F B 66 degrees F C 36 degrees F D 26 degrees F ```

C 36 degrees F

``` What is a common name for infectious kerato conjunctivitis? A Pink eye B Johne's Disease C Ringworm D Acidosis ```

A Pink eye

``` Rumen bacteria enable dairy cattle to utilize which feed supplement? A Sodium bicarbonate B Calcium carbonate C Defluorinate phosphate D Urea ```

D Urea

``` What breed is known to produce milk over a greater number of years than all other breeds? A Brown Swiss B Guernsey C Milking Shorthorn D Jersey ```

A Brown Swiss

``` After a bulk tank is washed and rinsed, beading of water droplets is a sign of ________ . A pH buffer residue B Milk residue C Protein residue D Fat residue ```

D Fat residue

``` What percent non-fiber carbohydrate should a ration contain for high producing cows? A 35 to 40 percent B 10 to 20 percent C 56 to 61 percent D 22 to 27 percent ```

A 35 to 40 percent

``` When examining feed rations, what do the letters NDF stand for? A Neutral Detergent Fiber B Neutral Directing Fiber C Normal Detergent Fiber D Normally Digestible Fiber ```

A Neutral Detergent Fiber

``` Mule-foot is found most often in ________ dairy breed? A Holstein B Brown Swiss C Guernsey D Jersey ```

A Holstein

``` Which one of the following is not classified as a fat-soluble vitamin? A Vitamin B B Vitamin D C Vitamin K D Vitamin A ```

A Vitamin B

Texas Dairy Cattle CDE Bank Flashcards

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