testtttt Flashcards
what type of joint is at the shoulder and hip and what movements occur?
ball and socket
abduction, adduction, rotation and circumduction
what type of joint is at the wrist and what are the movements?
condyloid
flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
what joint is at the thumb and what are the movements?
saddle
flexion extension abduction and adduction
what type of joint is at the neck and what are the movements?
pivot
rotation
what joint is at the elbow, finger, toe, knee and ankle and what are the movements?
hinge
flexion and extension
what joint is at the hand and foot and what are the movements?
plane/gliding
sliding and gliding
learn structure of synovial joint :)
well done your studying!
what is an antagonistic pair?
two muscles that work together
what is the agonist?
known as prime mover
the muscle contracting and pulling a bone
what is the antagonist?
the muscle relaxing and allowing for movement
when does a concentric contraction occur?
when a working muscle gets shorter and fatter
Eg lifting a weight in a bicep curl
when does a eccentric contraction occur?
when a working muscle gets longer and thinner
Eg lowering the weight in a bicep curl
what is an isotonic contraction ?
when a muscle is working against resistance and it shortens or lengthens - movements is involved
eg during a bicep curl
what is an isometric contraction ?
when a muscle is working against a resistance and stays the same length- no movements is involved
eg a gymnast holding a stationary handstand
long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system?
• heart become larger with thicker muscular walls - more force can be applied with each beat
heart chambers become larger so stroke vol increases as well as cardiac output
arteries become larger and elastic
•more blood capillaries develop in muscles so the more venules get rid of more waste products
•more red blood cells so more O2 can be carried by the blood
how does exercise on the cardiovascular system affect performance?
with the same number of heart beats : •higher work rate • keep going for longer • recover more quickly reduce the risk of suffering from cardiac diseases
what is the role of the small intestine?
muscular walls mix and breaks down food. the small intestine is also concerned with absorption and transfer of molecules to the blood. the pancreas secretes pancreatic juice to small intestine this contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats and proteins
what is the role of the large intestine?
absorbs water and sodium. small amounts of nutrients can be extracted, the waste is then extracted from the body. the waste is comprised of indigestible material like fibre
what is the FITT principle?
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
aerobic fitness testing?
- resting pulse rate
- recovery rate
- distance and time
( if unsure of 60)
what are the components of food?
carbohydrates- main source of energy
Fats - secondary source of energy, protects vital organs
proteins- needed for growth and repair
vitamins- needs for functioning of muscles and nerves
minerals- strength/ energy
dietary fibre- provides bulk to faeces / prevents constipation
water- transports nutrients removing waste and regulating body temp
factors that affect energy needs ?
- metabolism
- age
- gender
- body size
- body composition
- physical activity levels
- climate
what are methods of support to help someone stop smoking?
nicotine replacement therapies
non- nicotine medications
stop smoking services
definition of motivation?
the desire people have to do something. it can be extrinsic ( external factors ) or intrinsic ( comes from within )
