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Question 1

What are the two species (Define)

Answer 1

Group of organisms that can reproduce.
Homo-sapiens: Humans
Australopithecus: Less Evolved than humans

Question 2

process of evolution

Answer 2

Evolution is an ongoing biological process with more than one outcome
Two types are Microeveolution (Genetic alterations within species) Macroevolution (Genetic changes that result in appearence of new species)

Question 3

biocultrual evolution

Answer 3

long term interaction between culture and reality

Question 4

culture

Answer 4

Not genetically determined
Critical role in human evolution
Strategy by which humans adapt to natural environment

Question 5

anthropology subfields

Answer 5

Applied: In the field
Cultural: Study of patterns of beliefs now and historically in culture
Archaeology: bones
Linguistic: Study of languages
Physical: Study of human biology within the concept of evolution

Question 6

scientific method

Answer 6

An approach to a problem where a problem is identified, a hypothesis is stated due to examples, and hypothesis is tested by collecting and analyzing data

Question 7

theory

Answer 7

when hypothesis stands up repeated testing

Question 8

john ray

Answer 8

modern day concept of species

same species similar to each other and coined the term genus

Question 9

carolus linneus

Answer 9

established binomial noman clature

both genus and species names are used to describe organism

Question 10

georges- louis celere de buffon

Answer 10

relationship between external environment and living organisms

Question 11

erasmus darwin

Answer 11

charles darwins grandfather said life originated in the sea all from a common ancestor
coined a cast expanses of time needed for life to evolve, competition for resources, and importance of environment

Question 12

jean baptists lamark

Answer 12

first to attempt to explain theory of evolutionary process.
coined term biology
idea was that when the environment changes humans to evolve to adapt to the change in environment

Question 13

georges cuvier

Answer 13

concept of extinction and catastrophsm to explain disappearance of animals represented by fossils

Question 14

thomas malthus

Answer 14

inspired discoveries of natural selection

populations gets bigger amount of resources stays the same, most powerful or fit people will survive

Question 15

charles lyell

Answer 15

founder of modern geology

natural disasters are responsible for geological landscape

Question 16

charles darwin

Answer 16

Coined Natural Selection
Favorable species will outtlast unfavorable species due to competition of resources
Leads to better and better species
Life:
Interested in nature
Mother died when he was 8
Father sent him to Edinburg to study medicine where he learned about evolutionary theory
Went to cambridge to study theology and became interested in natural sciences
Went on global scientific journey
came across different kinds of finch from different places where they had adapted to their surroundings
Idea of natural selection

Question 17

alfred russel wallace

Answer 17

current species were descended from previous species that have evolved over time due to environmental changes
reason darwin came out about studies

Question 18

galapogos islands examples of natural selection

Answer 18

moth: color change
finch: beak size increase
bacteria: we are coming more tolerant to modern day antibiotics causing them not to work as well due to passed down tolerances from parents

Question 19

fitness

Answer 19

greater traits will survive and be passed on thru reproduction

Question 20

types of cells

Answer 20

somatic cells: make up body tissues, skin, bones, organs, etc.
gametes cell: sex cells

Question 21

relationship between somatic cells and cell structure

Answer 21

early in the time of cell division when chromosomes become visible, two dna molecules come together at the centromere

Question 22

mitosis

Answer 22

cell divivsion of somatic cells, the way the somatic cells reproduce

Question 23

meiosis

Answer 23

two divisions that can creat a completely new organism

Question 24

why is mutation important

Answer 24

mutation is a change in dna structure which in turn creates a new species

Question 25

types of mutation

Answer 25

substitution: exchanges one base for another insertion: extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in dna deletion: section of dna is lost frame shift: insertions and deletions alter a gene so that its message is no longer correctly parsed

Question 26

alleles

Answer 26

one of two or more versions of a gene. An individual two allels one for each gene.

Question 27

human genome project

Answer 27

single most important advance in genetics | sequenced the entire human genome and other species in the process

Question 28

gregor model

Answer 28

performed expeirement based on how plan hybrids were different colors. He took the tall plants and short plants and cross breeded them and all of the offspring were tall, he then cross breeded the new generation not the parental generation and only 3/4 of the population were tall. coined principal of segregation

Question 29

principal of segregation

Answer 29

during gemete formation members of each pair of alleles seperate so that each gamete contains one member of each pair

Question 30

phenotype

Answer 30

detectable physical attributes of an organism

Question 31

genotype

Answer 31

genetic makeup of an individul

Question 32

homogenous

Answer 32

having the same alleles from both parents

Question 33

heterogenous

Answer 33

having different allels from both parents

Question 34

dominant traits

Answer 34

prevent expression of recessive traits

Question 35

recessive traits

Answer 35

two are needed in order to be expressed

Question 36

co dominance

Answer 36

niether allele is either dominant or recessive

Question 37

abo blood groups

Answer 37

``` AA A AB AB BB B AO A BO B OO O ```

Question 38

poly genics and traits

Answer 38

traits that are influenced by genes at two or more loci (skin color, etc) many influenced by environment

Question 39

geneflow

Answer 39

transfer of alleles from population to population due to migration

Question 40

genetic drift

Answer 40

change in frequency of an allel

Question 41

sickle cell anemia

Answer 41

disorder where the body makes cresent shaped red blood cells very common in black people due to it coming to be thru evolution of black people and their struggle with molaria