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anthropology > testttt > Flashcards

testttt Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two species (Define)

A

Group of organisms that can reproduce.
Homo-sapiens: Humans
Australopithecus: Less Evolved than humans

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2
Q

process of evolution

A

Evolution is an ongoing biological process with more than one outcome
Two types are Microeveolution (Genetic alterations within species) Macroevolution (Genetic changes that result in appearence of new species)

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3
Q

biocultrual evolution

A

long term interaction between culture and reality

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4
Q

culture

A

Not genetically determined
Critical role in human evolution
Strategy by which humans adapt to natural environment

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5
Q

anthropology subfields

A

Applied: In the field
Cultural: Study of patterns of beliefs now and historically in culture
Archaeology: bones
Linguistic: Study of languages
Physical: Study of human biology within the concept of evolution

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6
Q

scientific method

A

An approach to a problem where a problem is identified, a hypothesis is stated due to examples, and hypothesis is tested by collecting and analyzing data

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7
Q

theory

A

when hypothesis stands up repeated testing

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8
Q

john ray

A

modern day concept of species

same species similar to each other and coined the term genus

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9
Q

carolus linneus

A

established binomial noman clature

both genus and species names are used to describe organism

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10
Q

georges- louis celere de buffon

A

relationship between external environment and living organisms

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11
Q

erasmus darwin

A

charles darwins grandfather said life originated in the sea all from a common ancestor
coined a cast expanses of time needed for life to evolve, competition for resources, and importance of environment

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12
Q

jean baptists lamark

A

first to attempt to explain theory of evolutionary process.
coined term biology
idea was that when the environment changes humans to evolve to adapt to the change in environment

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13
Q

georges cuvier

A

concept of extinction and catastrophsm to explain disappearance of animals represented by fossils

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14
Q

thomas malthus

A

inspired discoveries of natural selection

populations gets bigger amount of resources stays the same, most powerful or fit people will survive

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15
Q

charles lyell

A

founder of modern geology

natural disasters are responsible for geological landscape

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16
Q

charles darwin

A

Coined Natural Selection
Favorable species will outtlast unfavorable species due to competition of resources
Leads to better and better species
Life:
Interested in nature
Mother died when he was 8
Father sent him to Edinburg to study medicine where he learned about evolutionary theory
Went to cambridge to study theology and became interested in natural sciences
Went on global scientific journey
came across different kinds of finch from different places where they had adapted to their surroundings
Idea of natural selection

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17
Q

alfred russel wallace

A

current species were descended from previous species that have evolved over time due to environmental changes
reason darwin came out about studies

18
Q

galapogos islands examples of natural selection

A

moth: color change
finch: beak size increase
bacteria: we are coming more tolerant to modern day antibiotics causing them not to work as well due to passed down tolerances from parents

19
Q

fitness

A

greater traits will survive and be passed on thru reproduction

20
Q

types of cells

A

somatic cells: make up body tissues, skin, bones, organs, etc.
gametes cell: sex cells

21
Q

relationship between somatic cells and cell structure

A

early in the time of cell division when chromosomes become visible, two dna molecules come together at the centromere

22
Q

mitosis

A

cell divivsion of somatic cells, the way the somatic cells reproduce

23
Q

meiosis

A

two divisions that can creat a completely new organism

24
Q

why is mutation important

A

mutation is a change in dna structure which in turn creates a new species

25
Q

types of mutation

A

substitution: exchanges one base for another
insertion: extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in dna
deletion: section of dna is lost
frame shift: insertions and deletions alter a gene so that its message is no longer correctly parsed

26
Q

alleles

A

one of two or more versions of a gene. An individual two allels one for each gene.

27
Q

human genome project

A

single most important advance in genetics

sequenced the entire human genome and other species in the process

28
Q

gregor model

A

performed expeirement based on how plan hybrids were different colors. He took the tall plants and short plants and cross breeded them and all of the offspring were tall, he then cross breeded the new generation not the parental generation and only 3/4 of the population were tall.
coined principal of segregation

29
Q

principal of segregation

A

during gemete formation members of each pair of alleles seperate so that each gamete contains one member of each pair

30
Q

phenotype

A

detectable physical attributes of an organism

31
Q

genotype

A

genetic makeup of an individul

32
Q

homogenous

A

having the same alleles from both parents

33
Q

heterogenous

A

having different allels from both parents

34
Q

dominant traits

A

prevent expression of recessive traits

35
Q

recessive traits

A

two are needed in order to be expressed

36
Q

co dominance

A

niether allele is either dominant or recessive

37
Q

abo blood groups

A 
AA A
AB AB
BB B
AO A 
BO B
OO O
38
Q

poly genics and traits

A

traits that are influenced by genes at two or more loci (skin color, etc) many influenced by environment

39
Q

geneflow

A

transfer of alleles from population to population due to migration

40
Q

genetic drift

A

change in frequency of an allel

41
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

disorder where the body makes cresent shaped red blood cells very common in black people due to it coming to be thru evolution of black people and their struggle with molaria

anthropology (4 decks)

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