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Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry > Tests, Indicators and Reactions of Acids > Flashcards

Tests, Indicators and Reactions of Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What colour flame does lithium produce?

A

Red
(Li+)

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2
Q

What colour flame does sodium produce?

A

Yellow
(Na+)

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3
Q

What colour flame does potassium produce?

A

Lilac
(K+)

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4
Q

What colour flame does calcium produce?

A

Orange-red
(Ca2+)

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5
Q

What colour flame does copper produce?

A

Blue-green
(Cu2+)

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6
Q

What type of wire do you need to test a cation?

A

Platinum wire

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7
Q

How do you clean the wire for a test?

A

Dip the platinum wire in HCl and then hold it in a flame. Once the loop burns without any colour change, dip it into the sample

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8
Q

How do you test for the ions in a metal hydroxide?

A

Add a few drops of NaOH to the metal hydroxide solution.

If you get a coloured insoluble hydroxide, you can tell which metal was in it

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9
Q

What colour would copper (II) hydroxide turn when added to NaOH?

A

Blue precipitate

Cu2+ + 2OH- -> Cu(OH)2

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10
Q

What colour would iron (II) hydroxide turn when added to NaOH?

A

Green

Fe2+ + 2OH- -> Fe(OH)2

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11
Q

What colour would iron (III) hydroxide turn when added to NaOH?

A

Reddish brown

Fe3+ + 3OH- -> Fe(OH)2

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12
Q

How can you test if there is ammonium ions in a substance?

A

Add some NaOH to a solution. If ammonia is given off, there are ammonium ions in the substance

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13
Q

What is the test for carbonates?

A

Add dilute HCL to the test sample

If carbonates are present, CO2 will be released

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14
Q

What is the test for sulfates?

A

Add dilute HCl, followed by barium chloride solution (BaCl2) to the solution

If a white precipitate forms (barium sulfate) the original compound was a sulfate

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15
Q

Why does HCl need to be added in the test for sulfates?

A

The HCl gets rid of any traces of carbonate or sulfite ions. Both of these would produce a precipitate, confusing the results

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16
Q

What is the test for halides?

A

Add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution

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17
Q

Why does HNO3 need to be added in the test for halides?

A

The HNO3 gets rid of carbonate or sulfite ions before the test

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18
Q

What happens when chloride ions are added to silver nitrate solution?

A

A white precipitate of silver chloride is formed

19
Q

What happens when bromide ions are added to silver nitrate solution?

A

A cream precipitate of silver bromide is formed

20
Q

What happens when iodide ions are added to silver nitrate solution?

A

A yellow precipitate of silver iodide is formed

21
Q

What is the test for chlorine?

A

Damp blue litmus paper quickly turns red, then is immediately bleached white

22
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

Glowing splint relights

23
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

Lit splint goes out with a squeaky pop

24
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Limewater turns cloudy

25
Q

What is the test for ammonia?

A

Turns damp red litmus paper blue and has a strong smell

26
Q

What is the test for water?

A

Anhydrous copper (II) sulfate crystals turn from white to blue (hydrated copper sulfate)

27
Q

What colour is litmus in acidic solutions?

A

Red

28
Q

What colour is litmus in neutral solutions?

A

Purple

29
Q

What colour is litmus in alkaline solutions?

A

Blue

30
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in acidic solutions?

A

Colourless

31
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in alkaline solutions?

A

Bright pink

32
Q

What colour is methyl-orange in acidic solutions?

A

Red

33
Q

What colour is methyl-orange in alkaline solutions?

A

Yellow

34
Q

What is an acid?

A

A source of hydrogen ions (H+).
Proton donors
pH less than 7

35
Q

What is a base?

A

Source of hydroxide ions (OH-)
Proton acceptors
pH greater than 7

36
Q

What is the reaction between an acid and a base called?

A

Neutralisation

37
Q

What do you get when an acid is added to a base?

A

Salt + water

38
Q

Complete the equation:
Hydrochloric acid + Copper Oxide

A

Copper chloride + water

39
Q

Complete the equation:
Sulfuric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide

A

Sodium sulfate + Water

40
Q

Complete the equation:
Nitric Acid + Ammonia

A

Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3)

41
Q

What do you get when an acid is added to a metal?

A

Salt + Hydrogen

42
Q

What do you get when an acid is added to a metal carbonate?

A

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

43
Q

Complete the equation:
Nitric Acid + Magnesium

A

Magnesium Nitrate + (mixture of water, NO and NO2)

Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry (2 decks)

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