Tests for Nominal Data

Question 1

A _________________ test is used to analyze the frequency of observations in each category (level) of a nominal variable (or other variable that is being treated as a nominal variable). It is used to determine if the distribution of observed (sample) frequencies is equivalent to the distribution of expected frequencies.

Answer 1

Chi-Square test.

Question 2

In a Chi-square test, expected frequencies are predicted by the _______________, and reflect either no differences among the categories or the known frequencies in the population.

Answer 2

Null hypothesis (H₀).

Question 3

When counting the number of variables for a chi-square test, you ____ distinguish between independent and dependent variables.

Answer 3

Do not.

Question 4

Assumptions of the Chi-square test are that data are reported in terms of ________________, the expected frequency for any one category is no less than ___, and that observations are _______________ (i.e., each subject can appear in only one category).

Answer 4

• Frequencies
• 5
• Independent

Question 5

A _______________ Chi-square test (a.k.a. a “____________________” test) is used when a descripitive study includes only one variable and the data to be analyzed are the frequency of observation in each category of that variable.

• Use: 1 variable; nominal (frequency) data
• Statistic: X²
• df: (C - 1), where C = number of “columns” (levels of the variable)

Answer 5

• Single-sample
• Goodness-of-Fit

Question 6

The __________________ Chi-square test (a.k.a. the Chi-square test for ___________________) is used when a descriptive or experimental study includes two or more variables and the data to be analyzed are the frequency of observations in each category.

• Use: 2+ variables; nominal (frequency) data
• Statistic: X²
• df: (C - 1)(R - 1), where C = number of “columns” and R = number of “Rows”

Answer 6

• Multiple-Sample
• Contingency Tables

Question 7

The Single-Sample Chi-Square test is a nonparametric alternative to the ________________________.

Answer 7

T-test for Single Samples (group v. population).

Question 8

The Multiple-Sample Chi-Square test is a nonparametric alternative to the _________________________.

Answer 8

T-test for Independent Samples (2 independent groups).