TESTS Flashcards by Maddy Lloyd

How do you test for Halides?

Add Silver Nitrate

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What are Halides?

Metal + Halogen(Group7 element) –> Metal Halide

E.g. (metal) Chloride/Bromide/Iodide (Cl-/Br-/I-)

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What precipitate is formed when Silver Nitrate is added to Chloride?

Ag+ + Cl- –> AgCl(s) WHITE PRECIPITATE

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What precipitate is formed when Silver Nitrate is added to Bromide?

Ag+ + Br- –> AgBr(s) CREME PRECIPITATE

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What precipitate is formed when Silver Nitrate is added to Iodide?

Ag+ + I- –> AgI(s) YELLOW PRECIPITATE

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How do you test for Transition Metal Ions?

Add Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

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What precipitate is formed when Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH) is added to Cu2+?

Cu2+ + 2OH- –> Cu(OH)2(s) BLUE PRECIPITATE

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What precipitate is formed when Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH) is added to Fe2+?

Fe2+ + 2OH- –> Fe(OH)2(s) GREEN PRECIPITATE

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What precipitate is formed when Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH) is added to Fe3+?

Fe3+ + 3OH- –> Fe(OH)3(s) ORANGE/BROWN PRECIPITATE

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What is a transition metal?

Metals in the middle of the Periodic Table

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How do you test for Sulphate ions?

Add Barium Chloride(BaCl2)

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What precipitate is formed when Barium Chloride(BaCl2) is added to SO4 2-?

Ba2+ + SO4 2- –> BaSo4(s) WHITE PRECIPITATE

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How do you test for Alkali Metals?

The Flame test

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What colour flame is produced with Lithium(Li)?

RED

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What colour flame is produced with Sodium(Na)?

ORANGE

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What colour flame is produced with Potassium(K)?

PURPLE/LILAC

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How do you test for Alkenes?

Add bromine water (Goes from Orange to colourless)

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How do you test for Carbon Dioxide?

Bubble it through Limewater - If present it will turn the limewater cloudy

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What is the equation for Complete combustion?

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water [+Energy]

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What is the equation for incomplete combustion?

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen –> Water + Carbon Monoxide + Carbon + Carbon Dioxide [+Energy]

Products vary depending on quantity of the reactants

What is the composition of the Atmosphere?

78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
0.035% Carbon Dioxide

What is the word and symbol equation for a Catalytic converter?

Carbon Monoxide + Nitrogen Oxide –> Nitrogen + Carbon Dioxide

2CO + 2NO –> N2 + 2CO2

What is the word equation of Iron rusting?

Iron + Oxygen + Water –> Hydrated iron(III) Oxide

What is the word equation of neutralisation?

Acid + Base –> Salt + Water

What is the equation for neutralisation in terms of ions?

H+ + OH- --> H2O

What are the products when an ACID and a METAL OXIDE react?

acid + metal oxide --> SALT + WATER

What are the products when an ACID reacts with a METAL HYDROXIDE?

acid + metal hydroxide --> SALT + WATER

What are the products when an ACID and a CARBONATE react?

acid + carbonate --> SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE

What is the product when an ACID and AMMONIA react?

acid + ammonia --> AMMONIUM SALT

How do you make AMMONIUM NITRATE?

Titrate NITRIC ACID and AMMONIA. Use METHYL ORANGE INDICATOR. Perform titration without the indicator. EVAPORATE the solution and leave to CRYSTALLISE

What is the symbol equation for the HABER PROCESS?

N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3

What are the conditions for the HABER PROCESS?

200 atmospheres 450°C Iron catalyst

How do you extract a substance from a plant (to make a drug)?

CRUSH the plant BOIL to DISSOLVE in a suitable solvent separate by CHROMATOGRAPHY EXTRACT the chemical you want

What is the mass number of an Atom?

Protons + Neutrons (Top number)

What us the atomic number of an atom?

number of protons(=electrons) (bottom number)

What is ionic bonding?

METAL and a NON-METAL | give electrons to the other one

What is covalent bonding?

NON-METAL + NON-METAL | share pares of electrons

What happens in a displacement reaction?

More reactive Halogens(group7) displace less reactive ChlorINE + Potassium iodIDE --> IodINE + Potassium ChlorIDE

How is water purified?

FILTRATION- wire mesh cuts out twigs SEDIMENTATION- iron sulfate added to water to make fine particles clump and settle at bottom CHLORINATION- chlorine gas bubbled through to kill harmful bacteria

What are the conditions for the CONTACT PROCESS?

1 atmosphere 450°C Vanadium pentoxide catalyst

What are the 2 ionic equations in a HYDROGEN-OXYGEN FUEL CELL

CATHODE O2 + 4e- + 2H2O --> 4OH- ANODE 2H2 + 4OH- --> 4H2O + 4e-

What is the overall reaction in a HYDROGEN-OXYGEN FUEL CELL?

hydrogen + oxygen --> water | 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O

What's the equation for TEMPORARY HARDNESS being removed by BOILING?

Calcium hydrogencarbonate --> calcium carbonate + water + carbon dioxide

What is the equation when hard water is removed by adding sodium carbonate?

Ca2+ + CO32- --> CaCO3

What is the equation of hard water?

carbon dioxide + water + calcium carbonate --> calcium hydrogencarbonate

What is the equation for the FERMENTATION of Ethanol?

glucose --> ethanol + carbon dioxide | C6H12O6 --> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

What is the equation for the Hydration of Ethene to make Ethanol?

ethane + water(steam) --> ethanol | C2H4 + H2O --> C2H5OH

What is the word equation for making soap?

fat + sodium hydroxide --> soap + glycerol