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OB 2 > Tests > Flashcards

Tests Flashcards

1
Q

The reproductive system develops concurrent with what?

A

Urinary system

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2
Q

The mullerian ducts are also known as what?

A

Paramesonephric ducts

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3
Q

What is hematometracolpos?

A

Accumulation of menstrual blood in the uterus and vagina caused by either an imperforate hymen or other obstruction

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4
Q

What are the paired embyronic tubes that run parallel to the mesonephric ducts?

A

Mullerian ducts

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5
Q

How does bicornuate uterus appear?

A

2 wings

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6
Q

What is the pacman appearance of uterus?

A

Arcuate

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7
Q

What is a set routine for performance of an examination called?

A

Protocol

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8
Q

Which transducer would be the best to image an obese 3rd trimester patient?

A

2.5 MHz curved linear

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of Carnegie stages of development used to stage an embryo?

A

Morphology

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10
Q

The preembryonic phase occurs during which portion of the gestation?

A

Weeks 1 to 3

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11
Q

What is the normal chromosome number for an ovum?

A

22 X OR 22 Y

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12
Q

Where does implantation of the embryo occur?

A

Endometrium

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13
Q

What structure images after the yolk sac?

A

Embryo

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14
Q

What is the quantitative pregnancy test?

A

Serum (qualitative is HCG)

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15
Q

Image: echogenic structure located within endometrium (thick line)

A

IUCD

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16
Q

What is a uterine anatomic cause of infertility?

A

Endometrial polyp

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17
Q

Which type of fertilization occurs inside the body?

A

In vivo fertilization

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18
Q

How do you measure the nuchal translucency?

A

Inner to inner

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19
Q

What do you call an implantation of the placenta low in the uterus resulting in total or partial covering of the cervix?

A

Placenta previa

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20
Q

What is the delivery of the cord before the fetus called?

A

Cord prolapse

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21
Q

What maternal factor results in delayed placental maturation of a 5 cm placenta?

A

rH disease or gestational diabetes

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22
Q

What is placenta accreta?

A

Decidual formation defect w/abnormal placental attachment to uterine wall

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23
Q

What is the sonographic characteristic of excessive Wharton’s jelly?

A

Variably echogenic, soft tissue mass w/3 vessels visible

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24
Q

What placental grade in most likely in first trimester (homogenous)?

A

Grade 0

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25
Q

What is circumvallate placenta?

A

Abnormally attached placenta with a peripheral raised ring

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26
Q

What maternal disease can result in early placental maturation?

A

Hypertension

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27
Q

What is the protrusion of meninges through a spinal defect?

A

Meningocele

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28
Q

What is cactus-like on ultrasound?

A

Agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC)

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29
Q

What anatomy is imaged on the axial plane at the cerebellar level?

A

Cisterna magna

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30
Q

What is the sonographic characteristic of a cephalocele?

A

Complex paracranial mass

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31
Q

What is characteristic of cystic hygroma?

A

Cystic mass with septa

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32
Q

On ultrasound, you see a wide high 3rd ventricle, TEAR-DROP shaped ventricle, widened ventricular atria, ABSENT CAVUM SEPTI PELLUCID and a sunburst appearance of the gyri and sulci imaged in the fetal brain……

A

Agenesis of the corpus callosum

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33
Q

What is the Dandy-Walker variant?

A

Partial agenesis of the vermis

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34
Q

What anatomy is a straight line in the middle of the cranium?

A

Thalamus

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35
Q

Which sonographic appearance looks like a squiggly tube?

A

Anencephaly

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36
Q

Which term describes a congenital anomaly where the urinary bladder extends through a ventral wall defect?

A

Bladder exstrophy

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37
Q

Which birth defect results in abdominal contents within the thorax?

A

Duodenal atresia

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38
Q

Sonography failed to find a right kidney, full bladder, and there were low levels of amniotic fluid……suspicious for….?

A

Renal agenesis

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39
Q

Which fetal anatomy is closest to the cervix in the Frank breech?

A

Buttocks

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40
Q

Which is a maternal cause for nonimmune fetal hydrops?

A

Supraventricular tachycardia (any arrhythmia)

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41
Q

What is the result of a lower sternum and anterior abdominal wall defect?

A

Ectopia cordis

42
Q

What appears as a double bubble (anechoic) on the fetus?

A

Duodenal atresia

43
Q

Where on the image is the fetal spine in the vertex fetus facing anterior?

A

Bottom of the image

44
Q

Which term describes the portion of the fetus that will deliver first?

A

Fetal presentation

45
Q

Which term describes an abnormal heart rate?

A

Arrhythmia

46
Q

What is involved with Epstein’s anomaly?

A

Tricuspid stenosis

47
Q

What is the congenital malformation where the aorta arises from the right ventricle?

A

Transposition of the great arteries

48
Q

What is an abnormal opening between the right and left atrium?

A

Atrial septal defect

49
Q

Which anatomy images on the four-chamber view?

A

Interventricular septum

50
Q

Which heart defect has a single vessel overriding a VSD, single truncal valve, regurgitant flow, thickened stenotic valve, right-sided and/or interrupted aortic arch?

A

Truncus arteriosus

51
Q

Which term describes the abnormal number of digits?

A

Polydactyly

52
Q

What Doppler flow changes occur with severe postductal coarctation of the aorta?

A

Reversed ductus arteriosus flow

53
Q

What is the clinical finding suspicious for multiple pregnancies?

A

Large for gestational age

54
Q

What is the inner layer of the amniotic membrane?

A

Amnion

55
Q

What type of placentation is seen with dizygotic twins?

A

Di/Di

56
Q

What do you call the type of twin pregnancy with one placenta and two gestational sacs?

A

Monochorionic/Diamniotic

57
Q

What is the commalike projections of the placenta?

A

Fusion of 2 placentas

58
Q

In a twin gestation with placenta on anterior wall and a second on the posterior, what would be the membrane configuration?

A

Di/Di

59
Q

Fetal death and the retention of the fetus can result in what?

A

Fetal papyraceus

60
Q

Which Doppler parameter confirms the presence of an acardiac twin?

A

Umbilical cord flow reversal

61
Q

Which type of conjoined twins occur the most?

A

Thoracopagus

62
Q

What do you call a twin found within the abdomen of its sibling?

A

Fetus in fetu

63
Q

Which term describes the fetal blood pH less than 7?

A

Acidosis

64
Q

Which fetal testing method includes the nonstress test and amniotic fluid volume?

A

Modified biophysical profile

65
Q

Which parameter allows a scoring of 2 BPP?

A

Sustained fetal breathing of 30 secs in a 30 minute period

66
Q

What is the maximum score a sonographer can give on a BPP?

A

8

67
Q

How can the sonographer avoid mistaking the fetal heart movement for breathing?

A

Image the diaphragm on the sagittal plane

68
Q

What is an example of gross fetal movement?

A

Large limb movement

69
Q

What is the first sonographically observed biophysical change seen w/fetal hypoxia?

A

Breathing / heart rate reactivity

70
Q

Fetal tone observation includes what?

A

Extending and flexing of the spine

71
Q

What helps to stimulate a nonreactive fetus?

A

Maternal movement, ingestion of orange juice, and manual manipulation of maternal abdomen

72
Q

What is the total length of time for BPP ultrasound test?

A

30 minutes

73
Q

Which of the following is the spontaneous failure and expulsion of early pregnancy?

A

Missed abortion

74
Q

Which term describes an abnormally fast heart rate?

A

Tachycardia

75
Q

What is the term for describing an oocyte without maternal chromosomes resulting in proliferation of swollen chorionic villi and the absence of identifiable embryonic structures?

A

Complete hydatidiform mole

76
Q

Patient has small gestational age with an LMP 10 weeks ago. The exam shows a ges sac equivalent to a 6-week gestation…….?

A

Blighted ovum

77
Q

Which findings increase the suspicion of a choriocarcinoma?

A

Mass invasion through the uterine myometrium to the serosa w/hypoechoic liver lesions

78
Q

18 year-old complains of profuse bleeding with a positive home pregnancy test. Exam reveals a dilated cervix……?

A

Impending abortion

79
Q

What malformation is identifiable in the first trimester?

A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

80
Q

In a normal early pregnancy, how long does it take the b-hCG to double?

A

48 hours (2 days)

81
Q

What is the cutoff for b-hCG?

A

Above 1500 to 2500

82
Q

Which ectopic pregnancy implants in the uterine horn?

A

Interstitial (cornual)

83
Q

What is a heterotopic pregnancy?

A

An IUP coexisting with an ectopic pregnancy

84
Q

What is the sonographic finding in the uterus that is made up of bleeding from the decidualized endometrium?

A

Subchorionic hemorrhage

85
Q

Which type of ectopic pregnancy is surrounded by less than 5 mm of myometrium?

A

Cornual

86
Q

Which type of ectopic pregnancy implants on the previous cesarean scars?

A

Intramural

87
Q

Girl presents with bcHG 1500, LMP 7 weeks, endo thickness is 9 mm, right ovary doppler with ringlike flow…..?

A

Normal pregnancy

88
Q

What is the measurement from the frontal to the occipital bone obtained at the level of the thalami?

A

Occipito-frontal diameter (OFD)

89
Q

Which cranial bones are the landmarks fro measurement of the BPD?

A

Parietal bones

90
Q

What anatomic landmarks help determine the correct level to measure the HC?

A

Thalamus, falx, cavum septum pellucidum

91
Q

What is most commonly used to measure / estimate fetal age?

A

FL

92
Q

Which portion of the humerus does the sonographer measure to obtain the length?

A

Osseous diaphysis

93
Q

What is the area between the myometrium and placenta?

A

Retroplacental

94
Q

What procedure increases abdominal pressure?

A

Valsalva

95
Q

What can mimick low lying / marginal placenta?

A

Overfull bladder

96
Q

What results in a hypoechoic or complex mass in the subchorionic space?

A

Hematoma

97
Q

What can cause abruptio placenta?

A

Trauma

98
Q

Which form of placenta previa lies within 2 cm of the internal cervical os?

A

Low - lying placenta

99
Q

Which placental type has chorionic villa that attach but do not invade the myometrium?

A

Accreta

100
Q

Which placental grade shows basal and interlobular septal calcifications?

A

III

101
Q

What is the risk factor for an ectopic implantation of a pregnancy?

A

Prior myomectomy or assisted reproductive therapy

102
Q

What portion of the fallopian tube has the highest incidence of ectopic gestation?

A

Ampullary

OB 2 (3 decks)

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