Tests Flashcards
The reproductive system develops concurrent with what?
Urinary system
The mullerian ducts are also known as what?
Paramesonephric ducts
What is hematometracolpos?
Accumulation of menstrual blood in the uterus and vagina caused by either an imperforate hymen or other obstruction
What are the paired embyronic tubes that run parallel to the mesonephric ducts?
Mullerian ducts
How does bicornuate uterus appear?
2 wings
What is the pacman appearance of uterus?
Arcuate
What is a set routine for performance of an examination called?
Protocol
Which transducer would be the best to image an obese 3rd trimester patient?
2.5 MHz curved linear
What are the characteristics of Carnegie stages of development used to stage an embryo?
Morphology
The preembryonic phase occurs during which portion of the gestation?
Weeks 1 to 3
What is the normal chromosome number for an ovum?
22 X OR 22 Y
Where does implantation of the embryo occur?
Endometrium
What structure images after the yolk sac?
Embryo
What is the quantitative pregnancy test?
Serum (qualitative is HCG)
Image: echogenic structure located within endometrium (thick line)
IUCD
What is a uterine anatomic cause of infertility?
Endometrial polyp
Which type of fertilization occurs inside the body?
In vivo fertilization
How do you measure the nuchal translucency?
Inner to inner
What do you call an implantation of the placenta low in the uterus resulting in total or partial covering of the cervix?
Placenta previa
What is the delivery of the cord before the fetus called?
Cord prolapse
What maternal factor results in delayed placental maturation of a 5 cm placenta?
rH disease or gestational diabetes
What is placenta accreta?
Decidual formation defect w/abnormal placental attachment to uterine wall
What is the sonographic characteristic of excessive Wharton’s jelly?
Variably echogenic, soft tissue mass w/3 vessels visible
What placental grade in most likely in first trimester (homogenous)?
Grade 0
What is circumvallate placenta?
Abnormally attached placenta with a peripheral raised ring
What maternal disease can result in early placental maturation?
Hypertension
What is the protrusion of meninges through a spinal defect?
Meningocele
What is cactus-like on ultrasound?
Agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC)
What anatomy is imaged on the axial plane at the cerebellar level?
Cisterna magna
What is the sonographic characteristic of a cephalocele?
Complex paracranial mass
What is characteristic of cystic hygroma?
Cystic mass with septa
On ultrasound, you see a wide high 3rd ventricle, TEAR-DROP shaped ventricle, widened ventricular atria, ABSENT CAVUM SEPTI PELLUCID and a sunburst appearance of the gyri and sulci imaged in the fetal brain……
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
What is the Dandy-Walker variant?
Partial agenesis of the vermis
What anatomy is a straight line in the middle of the cranium?
Thalamus
Which sonographic appearance looks like a squiggly tube?
Anencephaly
Which term describes a congenital anomaly where the urinary bladder extends through a ventral wall defect?
Bladder exstrophy
Which birth defect results in abdominal contents within the thorax?
Duodenal atresia
Sonography failed to find a right kidney, full bladder, and there were low levels of amniotic fluid……suspicious for….?
Renal agenesis
Which fetal anatomy is closest to the cervix in the Frank breech?
Buttocks
Which is a maternal cause for nonimmune fetal hydrops?
Supraventricular tachycardia (any arrhythmia)
What is the result of a lower sternum and anterior abdominal wall defect?
Ectopia cordis
What appears as a double bubble (anechoic) on the fetus?
Duodenal atresia
Where on the image is the fetal spine in the vertex fetus facing anterior?
Bottom of the image
Which term describes the portion of the fetus that will deliver first?
Fetal presentation
Which term describes an abnormal heart rate?
Arrhythmia
What is involved with Epstein’s anomaly?
Tricuspid stenosis
What is the congenital malformation where the aorta arises from the right ventricle?
Transposition of the great arteries
What is an abnormal opening between the right and left atrium?
Atrial septal defect
Which anatomy images on the four-chamber view?
Interventricular septum
Which heart defect has a single vessel overriding a VSD, single truncal valve, regurgitant flow, thickened stenotic valve, right-sided and/or interrupted aortic arch?
Truncus arteriosus
Which term describes the abnormal number of digits?
Polydactyly
What Doppler flow changes occur with severe postductal coarctation of the aorta?
Reversed ductus arteriosus flow
What is the clinical finding suspicious for multiple pregnancies?
Large for gestational age
What is the inner layer of the amniotic membrane?
Amnion
What type of placentation is seen with dizygotic twins?
Di/Di
What do you call the type of twin pregnancy with one placenta and two gestational sacs?
Monochorionic/Diamniotic
What is the commalike projections of the placenta?
Fusion of 2 placentas
In a twin gestation with placenta on anterior wall and a second on the posterior, what would be the membrane configuration?
Di/Di
Fetal death and the retention of the fetus can result in what?
Fetal papyraceus
Which Doppler parameter confirms the presence of an acardiac twin?
Umbilical cord flow reversal
Which type of conjoined twins occur the most?
Thoracopagus
What do you call a twin found within the abdomen of its sibling?
Fetus in fetu
Which term describes the fetal blood pH less than 7?
Acidosis
Which fetal testing method includes the nonstress test and amniotic fluid volume?
Modified biophysical profile
Which parameter allows a scoring of 2 BPP?
Sustained fetal breathing of 30 secs in a 30 minute period
What is the maximum score a sonographer can give on a BPP?
8
How can the sonographer avoid mistaking the fetal heart movement for breathing?
Image the diaphragm on the sagittal plane
What is an example of gross fetal movement?
Large limb movement
What is the first sonographically observed biophysical change seen w/fetal hypoxia?
Breathing / heart rate reactivity
Fetal tone observation includes what?
Extending and flexing of the spine
What helps to stimulate a nonreactive fetus?
Maternal movement, ingestion of orange juice, and manual manipulation of maternal abdomen
What is the total length of time for BPP ultrasound test?
30 minutes
Which of the following is the spontaneous failure and expulsion of early pregnancy?
Missed abortion
Which term describes an abnormally fast heart rate?
Tachycardia
What is the term for describing an oocyte without maternal chromosomes resulting in proliferation of swollen chorionic villi and the absence of identifiable embryonic structures?
Complete hydatidiform mole
Patient has small gestational age with an LMP 10 weeks ago. The exam shows a ges sac equivalent to a 6-week gestation…….?
Blighted ovum
Which findings increase the suspicion of a choriocarcinoma?
Mass invasion through the uterine myometrium to the serosa w/hypoechoic liver lesions
18 year-old complains of profuse bleeding with a positive home pregnancy test. Exam reveals a dilated cervix……?
Impending abortion
What malformation is identifiable in the first trimester?
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
In a normal early pregnancy, how long does it take the b-hCG to double?
48 hours (2 days)
What is the cutoff for b-hCG?
Above 1500 to 2500
Which ectopic pregnancy implants in the uterine horn?
Interstitial (cornual)
What is a heterotopic pregnancy?
An IUP coexisting with an ectopic pregnancy
What is the sonographic finding in the uterus that is made up of bleeding from the decidualized endometrium?
Subchorionic hemorrhage
Which type of ectopic pregnancy is surrounded by less than 5 mm of myometrium?
Cornual
Which type of ectopic pregnancy implants on the previous cesarean scars?
Intramural
Girl presents with bcHG 1500, LMP 7 weeks, endo thickness is 9 mm, right ovary doppler with ringlike flow…..?
Normal pregnancy
What is the measurement from the frontal to the occipital bone obtained at the level of the thalami?
Occipito-frontal diameter (OFD)
Which cranial bones are the landmarks fro measurement of the BPD?
Parietal bones
What anatomic landmarks help determine the correct level to measure the HC?
Thalamus, falx, cavum septum pellucidum
What is most commonly used to measure / estimate fetal age?
FL
Which portion of the humerus does the sonographer measure to obtain the length?
Osseous diaphysis
What is the area between the myometrium and placenta?
Retroplacental
What procedure increases abdominal pressure?
Valsalva
What can mimick low lying / marginal placenta?
Overfull bladder
What results in a hypoechoic or complex mass in the subchorionic space?
Hematoma
What can cause abruptio placenta?
Trauma
Which form of placenta previa lies within 2 cm of the internal cervical os?
Low - lying placenta
Which placental type has chorionic villa that attach but do not invade the myometrium?
Accreta
Which placental grade shows basal and interlobular septal calcifications?
III
What is the risk factor for an ectopic implantation of a pregnancy?
Prior myomectomy or assisted reproductive therapy
What portion of the fallopian tube has the highest incidence of ectopic gestation?
Ampullary
