Tests Flashcards
Which artery is the left branch of the celiac trunk?
Splenic
The splenic, common hepatic, and left gastric arteries arise from which abdominal artery?
Celiac
Because of the location of the inferior vena cava, the left renal vein crosses where?
Anterior to the aorta inferior to the left renal artery
Gastroduodenal artery is the branch of the superior mesenteric artery?
False
Gastroduodenal artery is the branch of the superior mesenteric vein????
False
Describe the anatomy of capillaries.
Made only of basement / endothelial cells and measure approx 8 microns in diameter
The smallest vessels in the body are????
Capillaries
Regarding capillaries, which statement is false?
They have only intima and adventitia layers
The superior mesenteric artery typically originates from the ?????
Aorta between the celiac trunk and the renal arteries
A false aneurysm occurs when a hole in the arterial wall permits the escape of blood
True
An aorta is considered aneursymal when its diameter equals or exceeds…..
3 cm
What is the condition where blood enters the media of the vessel through rent and then flow along the length of the artery?
Arterial dissection
Describe a saccular AAA
Lesser common type of aneurysm (bump coming out of the top of a vessel)
Describe a fusiform AAA
The most common type of aneurysm (bump coming out of top/bottom of vessel)
Normal aorta taper below the renal vessels (T/F?)
True
What is RCIA?
Right Common Iliac Artery
Postoperative evaluation of an endovascular graft placed into AAA, Color, Doppler should detect a blood flow within the graft and outside the graft (T/F?)
True
Which endoleak originates at the proximal or distal stent attachment site?
One
Which endoleak originates from a branch vessel (possible lumbar artery)?
Two
Which endoleak includes transgraft flow or flow that fills the aneurysm sac due to porosity of the graft?
Four
What is the most common complication after endovascular graft repair?
Endoleak
AAA size 3.5 cm is an indication for AAA graft repair (T/F?)
False (5 cm)
What is the most common site for AAA?
Infrarenal
Endovascular graft deformation (twisting, torsion, kinking) can lead to stenosis or thrombosis on the distal portion of the graft limb (T/F?)
True
The abdominal artery that normally demonstrates higher DIASTOLIC flow postprandially is….
SMA (more than pre-prandial)
Normal mesenteric-aortic ratio is……
1.0
The range of normal blood velocity in the celiac artery is……
98-105 cm/sec
The abdominal artery that normally demonstrates higher DIASTOLIC flow postprandially is….
SMA (pre-prandial is minimal)
What is median artery ligament syndrome?
Compression of the celiac artery
In the vessel with 70% of the stenosis, the highest peak systolic velocity will be where?
At the point of the most narrowing of the vessel
Is turbulence most prominent after stenosis?
Yes
Do all mesenteric, splanich, veins originate from the aorta?
No
What comprises the portal triad?
Hepatic Artery, CBD, and Portal Vein
What makes up the dual liver vascular supply?
80% portal vein, 20% hepatic artery
Patients who are evaluated for portal hypertension may have liver dysfunction symptoms include……?
Jaundice, clotting abnormalities, malnutrition, and claudication (not ascites which indicates cirrhosis)
What is the portal vein diameter?
13 (quiet respiration) -16 mm (deep inspiration)
What do you call splenic vein flow?
Hepatopedal
Hepatic artery demonstrates high resistance flow with no diastolic flow (T/F?)
False (continuous) / low resistant
What do you call hepatic vein flow?
Hepatofugal
The pressure in the portal system normally does not exceed…….
7 mmHg
What do you call portal vein flow?
Hepatopedal
What happens with portal hypertension?
Pressure in the portal system increases
What is the normal waveform for portal vein?
Continuous with respiratory changes
What is the splenic vein waveform direction?
Hepatopedal
What is the normal size for spleen?
No more than 13 cm
Normal velocity through the liver shunt is less than 30 cm/sec (T/F)?
False (50-120/90-120 normally)
What is the paraumbilical vein a remnant of?
Umbilical cord/vein
What is RAR?
Renal aortic ratio
What is the normal renal artery velocity?
50-100 cm/sec
How do the renal arteries arise from the aorta?
Laterally
In a cross section of the aorta and surrounding regions, the vein that is visualized superficial to the aorta and the origins of the right and left mesenteric artery is….?
Left renal vein
A noninvasive diagnosis of renal artery stenosis can be made by B-mode images of….?
A duplex system with spectral signal analysis
Describe normal arterial waveforms in the hilum.
Low resistance in character
When is renal artery stenosis greater than 60% diagnosed?
When systolic renal / aortic ratio is great than 3.5
While scanning a kidney transplant, you find that the renal artery and vein are patent, but the arteries of the transplanted kidney do not have diastolic flow…..is this normal?
No, they should have diastolic flow
What is the echogenicity of testicles?
Isoechoic with moderate echogenicity
How is venous drainage of the testes?
Left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein
How does the affected testicles appear with acute torsion?
Increased in size and hypoechoic
During acute complete testicular torsion how is blood flow?
No blood flow detected
What is varicocele a dilation of?
Pampiniform plexus
How can hematoma be diagnosed with doppler?
No blood flow within hematomas
Are most extratesticular masses benign or malignant?
Benign
Most intratesticular masses benign (T/F)?
False
Varicocele usually present in the right side of the scrotum (T/F)?
False
What is the uterine artery a branch of?
Ovarian artery
What abnormality results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection?
Ovarian torsion
What term describes an artifact that is produced by a strong reflector and results in a copy of the anatomy being placed deeper than the correct location?
Mirror image
The left ovarian vein drains directly into what?
Left renal vein
The ovary is supplied blood by what?
Ovarian and uterine arteries
Describe normal ovarian flow.
High resistance during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation
Retained products of conception (RPOC) show the blood flow in doppler (T/F)?
True
Hemorrhagic cyst shows the blood flow within the cyst during the doppler exam (T/F)?
False
How is the portal vein formed?
The junction of the SMV and SV
What is endovascular leak?
Flow outside the graft that perfuses and pressures the aneurysm sac.
In a patient with portal hypertension, what would be the most likely result of increased portal venous pressure?
Enlarged coronary artery
In the US, what is the most common cause of portal hypertension?
Cirrhosis
To evaluate the flow within the splanich arteries, what vessels should you examine?
Celiac, SMA, IMA
The patient with advanced chronic mesenteric ischemia appears how?
Malnourished
What is a common manifestation of portal hypertension?
Bleeding esophageal varices
The patient has enlarged coronary vein with retrograde flow which diagnoses what?
Portal hypertension
A patient with intestinal ischemia will have a duplex on which arteries?
Superior Mesenteric Artery and Celiac Trunk (?!?!?)
In duplex assessment of the portal vein, flow is….?
Normally continuous with respiration
What is the normal spectral waveform for hepatic veins?
Triphasic
What will be a normal finding in a patient who has a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)?
Hepatopedal flow in the main portal vein
Which disorder necessitates TIPS?
Cirhossis
Which system disease has symptoms of post-prandial pain, fear of food, recent weight loss?
Mesenteric arteries
What does mesenteric ischemia relate to?
Acute of chronic compromise of blood supply to the small and large intestine
What is the normal velocity in the portal vein?
15-28 cm/sec
What is the most common site for liver TIPS?
Portal vein and hepatic vein (connection)
What are symptoms of intussusception?
Intermittent, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, palpable abdominal mass and red currant jelly stool
What are normal measurements for pylorus?
17 mm in length, 3 mm wall thickness
Where is appendix located?
Within the right lower quadrant, at the level of the ceceum
What is normal appendix diameter?
Up to 7 mm
What are symptoms for appendicitis?
RLQ pain, tenderness, leukocytosis and possible palpable mass
Gastrointestinal tract is located extraperitoneal (T/F)?
False (most intraperitoneal) except ascending and sigmoid (?????)
What is another term for decreased blood flow?
Ischemia
