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AB VASCULAR > Tests > Flashcards

Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Which artery is the left branch of the celiac trunk?

A

Splenic

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2
Q

The splenic, common hepatic, and left gastric arteries arise from which abdominal artery?

A

Celiac

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3
Q

Because of the location of the inferior vena cava, the left renal vein crosses where?

A

Anterior to the aorta inferior to the left renal artery

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4
Q

Gastroduodenal artery is the branch of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

False

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5
Q

Gastroduodenal artery is the branch of the superior mesenteric vein????

A

False

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6
Q

Describe the anatomy of capillaries.

A

Made only of basement / endothelial cells and measure approx 8 microns in diameter

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7
Q

The smallest vessels in the body are????

A

Capillaries

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8
Q

Regarding capillaries, which statement is false?

A

They have only intima and adventitia layers

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9
Q

The superior mesenteric artery typically originates from the ?????

A

Aorta between the celiac trunk and the renal arteries

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10
Q

A false aneurysm occurs when a hole in the arterial wall permits the escape of blood

A

True

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11
Q

An aorta is considered aneursymal when its diameter equals or exceeds…..

A

3 cm

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12
Q

What is the condition where blood enters the media of the vessel through rent and then flow along the length of the artery?

A

Arterial dissection

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13
Q

Describe a saccular AAA

A

Lesser common type of aneurysm (bump coming out of the top of a vessel)

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14
Q

Describe a fusiform AAA

A

The most common type of aneurysm (bump coming out of top/bottom of vessel)

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15
Q

Normal aorta taper below the renal vessels (T/F?)

A

True

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16
Q

What is RCIA?

A

Right Common Iliac Artery

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17
Q

Postoperative evaluation of an endovascular graft placed into AAA, Color, Doppler should detect a blood flow within the graft and outside the graft (T/F?)

A

True

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18
Q

Which endoleak originates at the proximal or distal stent attachment site?

A

One

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19
Q

Which endoleak originates from a branch vessel (possible lumbar artery)?

A

Two

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20
Q

Which endoleak includes transgraft flow or flow that fills the aneurysm sac due to porosity of the graft?

A

Four

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21
Q

What is the most common complication after endovascular graft repair?

A

Endoleak

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22
Q

AAA size 3.5 cm is an indication for AAA graft repair (T/F?)

A

False (5 cm)

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23
Q

What is the most common site for AAA?

A

Infrarenal

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24
Q

Endovascular graft deformation (twisting, torsion, kinking) can lead to stenosis or thrombosis on the distal portion of the graft limb (T/F?)

A

True

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25
Q

The abdominal artery that normally demonstrates higher DIASTOLIC flow postprandially is….

A

SMA (more than pre-prandial)

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26
Q

Normal mesenteric-aortic ratio is……

A

1.0

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27
Q

The range of normal blood velocity in the celiac artery is……

A

98-105 cm/sec

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28
Q

The abdominal artery that normally demonstrates higher DIASTOLIC flow postprandially is….

A

SMA (pre-prandial is minimal)

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29
Q

What is median artery ligament syndrome?

A

Compression of the celiac artery

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30
Q

In the vessel with 70% of the stenosis, the highest peak systolic velocity will be where?

A

At the point of the most narrowing of the vessel

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31
Q

Is turbulence most prominent after stenosis?

A

Yes

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32
Q

Do all mesenteric, splanich, veins originate from the aorta?

A

No

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33
Q

What comprises the portal triad?

A

Hepatic Artery, CBD, and Portal Vein

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34
Q

What makes up the dual liver vascular supply?

A

80% portal vein, 20% hepatic artery

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35
Q

Patients who are evaluated for portal hypertension may have liver dysfunction symptoms include……?

A

Jaundice, clotting abnormalities, malnutrition, and claudication (not ascites which indicates cirrhosis)

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36
Q

What is the portal vein diameter?

A

13 (quiet respiration) -16 mm (deep inspiration)

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37
Q

What do you call splenic vein flow?

A

Hepatopedal

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38
Q

Hepatic artery demonstrates high resistance flow with no diastolic flow (T/F?)

A

False (continuous) / low resistant

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39
Q

What do you call hepatic vein flow?

A

Hepatofugal

40
Q

The pressure in the portal system normally does not exceed…….

A

7 mmHg

41
Q

What do you call portal vein flow?

A

Hepatopedal

42
Q

What happens with portal hypertension?

A

Pressure in the portal system increases

43
Q

What is the normal waveform for portal vein?

A

Continuous with respiratory changes

44
Q

What is the splenic vein waveform direction?

A

Hepatopedal

45
Q

What is the normal size for spleen?

A

No more than 13 cm

46
Q

Normal velocity through the liver shunt is less than 30 cm/sec (T/F)?

A

False (50-120/90-120 normally)

47
Q

What is the paraumbilical vein a remnant of?

A

Umbilical cord/vein

48
Q

What is RAR?

A

Renal aortic ratio

49
Q

What is the normal renal artery velocity?

A

50-100 cm/sec

50
Q

How do the renal arteries arise from the aorta?

A

Laterally

51
Q

In a cross section of the aorta and surrounding regions, the vein that is visualized superficial to the aorta and the origins of the right and left mesenteric artery is….?

A

Left renal vein

52
Q

A noninvasive diagnosis of renal artery stenosis can be made by B-mode images of….?

A

A duplex system with spectral signal analysis

53
Q

Describe normal arterial waveforms in the hilum.

A

Low resistance in character

54
Q

When is renal artery stenosis greater than 60% diagnosed?

A

When systolic renal / aortic ratio is great than 3.5

55
Q

While scanning a kidney transplant, you find that the renal artery and vein are patent, but the arteries of the transplanted kidney do not have diastolic flow…..is this normal?

A

No, they should have diastolic flow

56
Q

What is the echogenicity of testicles?

A

Isoechoic with moderate echogenicity

57
Q

How is venous drainage of the testes?

A

Left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein

58
Q

How does the affected testicles appear with acute torsion?

A

Increased in size and hypoechoic

59
Q

During acute complete testicular torsion how is blood flow?

A

No blood flow detected

60
Q

What is varicocele a dilation of?

A

Pampiniform plexus

61
Q

How can hematoma be diagnosed with doppler?

A

No blood flow within hematomas

62
Q

Are most extratesticular masses benign or malignant?

A

Benign

63
Q

Most intratesticular masses benign (T/F)?

A

False

64
Q

Varicocele usually present in the right side of the scrotum (T/F)?

A

False

65
Q

What is the uterine artery a branch of?

A

Ovarian artery

66
Q

What abnormality results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection?

A

Ovarian torsion

67
Q

What term describes an artifact that is produced by a strong reflector and results in a copy of the anatomy being placed deeper than the correct location?

A

Mirror image

68
Q

The left ovarian vein drains directly into what?

A

Left renal vein

69
Q

The ovary is supplied blood by what?

A

Ovarian and uterine arteries

70
Q

Describe normal ovarian flow.

A

High resistance during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation

71
Q

Retained products of conception (RPOC) show the blood flow in doppler (T/F)?

A

True

72
Q

Hemorrhagic cyst shows the blood flow within the cyst during the doppler exam (T/F)?

A

False

73
Q

How is the portal vein formed?

A

The junction of the SMV and SV

74
Q

What is endovascular leak?

A

Flow outside the graft that perfuses and pressures the aneurysm sac.

75
Q

In a patient with portal hypertension, what would be the most likely result of increased portal venous pressure?

A

Enlarged coronary artery

76
Q

In the US, what is the most common cause of portal hypertension?

A

Cirrhosis

77
Q

To evaluate the flow within the splanich arteries, what vessels should you examine?

A

Celiac, SMA, IMA

78
Q

The patient with advanced chronic mesenteric ischemia appears how?

A

Malnourished

79
Q

What is a common manifestation of portal hypertension?

A

Bleeding esophageal varices

80
Q

The patient has enlarged coronary vein with retrograde flow which diagnoses what?

A

Portal hypertension

81
Q

A patient with intestinal ischemia will have a duplex on which arteries?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery and Celiac Trunk (?!?!?)

82
Q

In duplex assessment of the portal vein, flow is….?

A

Normally continuous with respiration

83
Q

What is the normal spectral waveform for hepatic veins?

A

Triphasic

84
Q

What will be a normal finding in a patient who has a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)?

A

Hepatopedal flow in the main portal vein

85
Q

Which disorder necessitates TIPS?

A

Cirhossis

86
Q

Which system disease has symptoms of post-prandial pain, fear of food, recent weight loss?

A

Mesenteric arteries

87
Q

What does mesenteric ischemia relate to?

A

Acute of chronic compromise of blood supply to the small and large intestine

88
Q

What is the normal velocity in the portal vein?

A

15-28 cm/sec

89
Q

What is the most common site for liver TIPS?

A

Portal vein and hepatic vein (connection)

90
Q

What are symptoms of intussusception?

A

Intermittent, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, palpable abdominal mass and red currant jelly stool

91
Q

What are normal measurements for pylorus?

A

17 mm in length, 3 mm wall thickness

92
Q

Where is appendix located?

A

Within the right lower quadrant, at the level of the ceceum

93
Q

What is normal appendix diameter?

A

Up to 7 mm

94
Q

What are symptoms for appendicitis?

A

RLQ pain, tenderness, leukocytosis and possible palpable mass

95
Q

Gastrointestinal tract is located extraperitoneal (T/F)?

A

False (most intraperitoneal) except ascending and sigmoid (?????)

96
Q

What is another term for decreased blood flow?

A

Ischemia

AB VASCULAR (5 decks)

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