Testing the Republic Flashcards
1
Q
The Election of 1800
A
- Federalists lose support in the Election of 1800 because of the unpopularity of the alien and sedition acts
- Adams runs against jefferson
- The federalists wanted one of their voters to throw one of their votes away so that 2 federalists would be president and vice president
- 1 vote was casted for John Jay as a throw away
- Plan failed
Result:
- Jefferson (DR) = president
- Burr (FED) = VP
2
Q
Degree of change when Jefferson was in office
A
Staying - things that Adams did
- Continuing continental payment of debt
- National bank stays
Democratic-Republican Changes
- Less formal, not king-like
- Ended whiskey tax
- Militias are more valuable than armies
- When meeting/making decisions, he and his cabinet sit around a circle table rather than a long rectangular table (no head of the table, everyone is equal)
3
Q
The Louisiana Purchase
A
- Spanish land is now controlled by the French
- France is controlled by Napoleon and it owns New Orleans and the lower part of the MS river that the US owned from Pinckney’s treaty.
- Jefferson sends a “smart” diplomat to France to negotiate
- Jefferson asks for the port city of New Orleans and control of the east bank of the MS river for 2 million dollars
- Napoleon offered the entire Louisiana territory for 15 million
- 24-7 vote in the senate in favor of the purchase
4
Q
Issues with the Louisiana Purchase
A
- Natives in the uncontrolled land
- Unconstitutional (buying land from other countries is not listed in the Constitution)
- US is already in debt and Jefferson has to give into the national bank in order for the US to pay the 15 million
- Countries in Europe could be mad that the US bought the land because it is fueling napoleon’s bank to fight more countries.
5
Q
Lewis and Clark
A
- Jefferson’s next task after the Purchase was to explore the area
- Lewis recruited Clark because 1 man could not do the job alone
- They knew each other from serving together for 6 months
6
Q
Biggest Failure of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
A
There was no water flowing through the rocky mountains
7
Q
Continental Divide
A
Lemhi Pass - no river leading through the Pacific.
- All rivers west of the line dump into the Pacific.
- All rivers east dump into the Atlantic
7
Q
Importance of Sacagawea
A
- Met the Shoshone Indians in Idaho and her brother was the chief
- Bought horses from them to cross the mountains
- There was no waterway through the mountains to the pacific and she led them through
- Overall leadership
- Introduced them to new foods/plants/medicine.
- Interacted with the French because she was married to a French man.
8
Q
Nez Perce
A
Taught Lewis and Clark how to make canoes from hollowed out logs to travel down the Snake and Columbia rivers
9
Q
Fort Clatsop
A
Where Lewis and Clark camped in Oregon for the winter and began their journey back in the spring.
10
Q
Gateway to the West
A
St. Louis, MO
11
Q
Congressional opposition to the Louisiana Purchase
A
- Federalists thought it was a waste of money, just bought land with animals and natives, not valuable to the country
- DemReps supported
12
Q
Main Goals of LS territory exploration
A
- Explore the MI River for the best trade routes (latitude and longitude),
- learn about the trade routes used by the British coming down from Canada
- investigate British trading methods to dominate the Fur trade,
- putting commerce ahead of agriculture.
13
Q
Advertisement of the LS territory exploration
A
Jefferson: Elevating the religious beliefs of the Indians to gain support of Federalists
14
Q
Difficulties with exploring the Louisiana territory
A
- Lewis had to gain knowledge of the native tribes before embarking
- Possible Indian attack = they have to retreat and stop the expedition
- Lewis was without money and clothes on the expedition
- A second person was needed for the expedition, even if it was expensive, but Jefferson was devoted so he did not care.
- The boat builder was drunk and he wasn’t making the boat but Lewis couldn’t fire him because he was the only one who could do the job
15
Q
Essex Junto
A
- Made up of Federalists in Essex County, MA who were angry about the LA purchase
- Angry because they were afraid of losing their voice in Congress because there will be more states created from the LA territory that could be bigger than MA and have more representation in the House of Reps
- Wanted to create their own country and wanted NY to join them because it is a major trading area (Hudson river), it’s a big state and would give them a presence in the House.
- They ask Burr to run for governor of NY. If he becomes governor, they could get NY to join them.
- Hamilton does not really like Burr and during the campaign and calls Burr “dangerous” and “not to be trusted”
- They duel → Hamilton is shot by Burr
- The plan fails
16
Q
Barbury Pirates
A
- Jefferson refused to pay the pirates the tributes that they wanted to stop raiding American ships.
- Tripoli declared war on the US and the US goes to war against the pirates in the Mediterranean for 4 years.
- France and GB are still at war at the same time.
- Jefferson ends the tribute because he did not want to pay when they were at the end of the REV
17
Q
Impact of Napoleonic Wars
A
- American shippers needed to get British licenses to import their goods into Europe.
- Napoleon said that any ships that had British licenses and obeyed the Orders would have their goods confiscated.
- Either way and with or without the license, the American goods would be lost.
- 1,000 American ships are seized, 6,000 soldiers are impressed, cargo is stolen by British
18
Q
Embargo Act
A
- Enacted after the Chesapeake attack, when American people wanted war with the British, but Jefferson did not want to get involved with European countries.
- Passed instead of going to war.
- Stopped trade between the US and Europe.
- Ended up hurting the US more than the European countries that it stopped trade with.
- Northeast businesses stopped selling.
- Southern/western farmers sold less crops because their demand dropped.
- American merchants/businessmen try to trade illegally to make money.
19
Q
Judiciary Act
A
- After Adams lost the election, but he was still president until the spring
- Adams had the right to appoint 16 Federalist judges nicknamed “midnight judges”.
- Jefferson and the republican delegates in Congress were angry that the courts were of federalist majority
When Jefferson became President, he removed the act which removed the midnight judges from power.
- More courts → more appointments → more federalist judges
20
Q
John Marshall
A
- Appointed by Adams under the Judiciary Act
- Chief justice for 34 years and made the Supreme Court strong.
- Increased the power of the Supreme Court with the Marbury v. Madison case by asserting the power of judicial review.
21
Q
Midnight Judges
A
- Increased partisanship, which Washington said he did not want to see in the country
- Called the midnight judges because he stayed up late to sign their paperwork to get them their positions before he left office
- The majority of the delegates in Congress were federalists and passed the law to benefit the federalists and extend their influence in government.
- Adams approves and signs the law made by Congress (fed majority)
