Testing For Validity

Question 1

Modus ponens

Answer 1

If p then q
P
So q

Question 2

Modus tollens

Answer 2

If p then q
Not q
So not p

Question 3

Validity

Answer 3

If all of its premises are true, the conclusion must be true as well

Question 4

Soundness

Answer 4

If it is valid and its premises are true

Question 5

Moral skepticism

Answer 5

Objective moral facts/values/properties don’t exist

Question 6

Objective facts/truth

Answer 6

Facts that exist independently of what an individual or group believes/feels

Question 7

Cultural relativism

Answer 7

Moral facts are relative to the practice of different cultures

Question 8

Conventional morality

Answer 8

Collection of moral values and norms held by a particular group

Question 9

Descriptive cultural relativism

Answer 9

Different cultures have different conventional moralities

Question 10

Norms

Answer 10

Rules governing how we are supposed to behave

Question 11

Values

Answer 11

Underlying commitments that can be expressed in norms

Question 12

Error theory

Answer 12

A view that’s skeptical about morality

Question 13

Subjectivism

Answer 13

our own mental activity is the only unquestionable fact of our experience

Question 14

Expressivism

Answer 14

the function of moral language is to express desire like attitudes