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BBLAB[FINALS] > Testing for Antibodies > Flashcards

Testing for Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q
  1. A patient has the Lewis phenotype Le(a−b−). An antibody panel reveals the presence of anti-Lea. Another patient with the phenotype Le(a−b+) has a positive antibody screen; however, a panel
    reveals no conclusive antibody. Should anti-Lea be considered as a possibility for the patient with the Le(a−b+) phenotype?
    A. Anti-Lea should be considered as a possible antibody
    B. Anti-Lea may be a possible antibody, but further studies are needed
    C. Anti-Lea is not a likely antibody because even Leb individuals secrete some Lea
    D. Anti-Lea may be found in saliva but not
    detectable in serum
A

c

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2
Q
  1. A technologist is having great difficulty resolving an antibody mixture. One of the antibodies is antiLea. This antibody is not clinically significant in this situation, but it needs to be removed to reveal the possible presence of an underlying antibody of clinical significance. What can be done?
    A. Perform an enzyme panel
    B. Neutralize the serum with saliva
    C. Neutralize the serum with hydatid cyst fluid
    D. Use DTT (dithiothreitol) to treat the panel cells
A

b

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3
Q
  1. What type of blood should be given to an individual who has an anti-Leb that reacts 1+ at the IAT phase?
    A. Blood that is negative for the Leb antigen
    B. Blood that is negative for both the Lea and Leb
    antigens
    C. Blood that is positive for the Leb antigen
    D. Lewis antibodies are not clinically significant, so any type of blood may be given
A

a

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true concerning the MN genotype?
    A. Antigens are destroyed using bleach-treated cells
    B. Dosage effect may be seen for both M and N antigens
    C. Both M and N antigens are impossible to detect because of cross-interference
    D. MN is a rare phenotype seldom found in routine antigen typing
A

b

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5
Q
  1. Anti-M is sometimes found with reactivity detected at the immediate spin (IS) phase that persists in strength to the IAT phase. What is the main testing problem with a strong anti-M?

A. Anti-M may not allow detection of a clinically significant antibody
B. Compatible blood may not be found for the patient with a strongly reacting anti-M
C. The anti-M cannot be removed from the serum
D. The anti-M may react with the patient’s own
cells, causing a positive autocontrol

A

a

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6
Q
  1. A patient is suspected of having paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH). Which pattern of reactivity is characteristic of the Donath–Landsteiner antibody, which causes this condition?

A. The antibody attaches to RBCs at 4°C and causes hemolysis at 37°C
B. The antibody attaches to RBCs at 37°C and causes agglutination at the IAT phase
C. The antibody attaches to RBCs at 22°C and causes hemolysis at 37°C
D. The antibody attaches to RBCs and causes agglutination at the IAT phase

A

a

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7
Q
  1. How can interfering anti-P1 antibody be removed from a mixture of antibodies?
    A. Neutralization with saliva
    B. Agglutination with human milk
    C. Combination with urine
    D. Neutralization with hydatid cyst fluid
A

d

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8
Q 
8. Which antibody is frequently seen in patients with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
A. Anti-Jka
B. Anti-e
C. Anti-K
D. Anti-Fyb
A

b

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9
Q 
9. An antibody shows strong reactions in all test phases. All screen and panel cells are positive. The serum is then tested with a cord cell and the reaction is negative. What antibody is suspected?
A. Anti-I
B. Anti-i
C. Anti-H
D. Anti-p
A

a

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10
Q 
10. Which group of antibodies is commonly found as cold agglutinins?
A. Anti-K, anti-k, anti-Jsb
B. Anti-D, anti-e, anti-C
C. Anti-M, anti-N
D. Anti-Fya, anti-Fyb
A

c

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11
Q 
11. Which of the following antibodies
characteristically gives a refractile mixed-field appearance?
A. Anti-K
B. Anti-Dia
C. Anti-Sda
D. Anti-s
A

c

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12
Q
  1. What does the 3+3 rule ascertain?
    A. An antibody is ruled in
    B. An antibody is ruled out
    C. 95% confidence that the correct antibody has been identified
    D. 95% confidence that the correct antibody has not been identified
A

c

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13
Q
  1. The k (Cellano) antigen is a high-frequency antigen and is found on most red cells. How often would one expect to find the corresponding antibody?
    A. Often, because it is a high frequency antibody
    B. Rarely, because most individuals have the antigen and therefore would not develop the antibody
    C. It depends upon the population, because certain racial and ethnic groups show a higher frequency of anti-k
    D. Impossible to determine without consulting regional blood group antigen charts
A

b

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14
Q 
14. Which procedure would help to distinguish between an anti-e and anti-Fya in an antibody mixture?
A. Lower the pH of test serum
B. Run an enzyme panel
C. Use a thiol reagent
D. Run a LISS panel
A

b

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15
Q
  1. Which characteristics are true of all three of the following antibodies: anti-Fya, anti-Jka, and anti-K?

A. Detected at the IAT phase; may cause hemolytic disease of the newborn and hemolytic transfusion reactions
B. Not detected with enzyme-treated cells
C. Requires the IAT technique for detection; usually not associated with HDN
D. Enhanced reactivity with enzyme-treated cells; may cause severe hemolytic transfusion reactions

A

a

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16
Q
  1. A patient is admitted to the hospital. Medical records indicate that the patient has a history of anti-Jka. When you performed the type and screen,
    the type was O positive and screen was negative.
    You should:

A. Crossmatch using units negative for Jka antigen
B. Crossmatch random units, since the antibody is not demonstrating
C. Request a new sample
D. Repeat the screen with enzyme-treated screening cells

A

a

17
Q
  1. A technologist performs an antibody study and finds 1+ and weak positive reactions for several of the panel cells. The reactions do not fit a pattern.
    Several selected panels and a patient phenotype do not reveal any additional information. The serum is diluted and retested, but the same reactions
    persist. What type of antibody may be causing these results?

A. Antibody to a high-frequency antigen
B. Antibody to a low-frequency antigen
C. High titer low avidity (HTLA)
D. Anti-HLA

A

c

18
Q
  1. An antibody is detected in a pregnant woman and is suspected of being the cause of fetal distress. The antibody reacts at the IAT phase but does not react
    with DTT-treated cells. This antibody causes in vitro hemolysis. What is the most likely antibody specificity?

A. Anti-Lea
B. Anti-Lua
C. Anti-Lub
D. Anti-Xga

A

c

19
Q
  1. What sample is best for detecting complementdependent antibodies?

A. Plasma stored at 4°C for no longer than
24 hours
B. Serum stored at 4°C for no longer than 48 hours
C. Either serum or plasma stored at 20°C–24°C no longer than 6 hours
D. Serum heated at 56°C for 30 minutes

A

b

20
Q 
20. Which antibody would not be detected by group O screening cells?
A. Anti-N
B. Anti-A1
C. Anti-Dia
D. Anti-k
A

b

21
Q 
21. Refer to Panel 1. Which antibody is most likely implicated?
A. Anti-Fyb
B. Anti-Jkb
C. Anti-e
D. Anti-c and anti-K
A

b

22
Q 
22. Refer to Panel 2. Which antibody specificity is most likely present?
A. Anti-S and anti-E
B. Anti-E and anti-K
C. Anti-Lea and anti-Fyb
D. Anti-C and anti-K
A

d

23
Q 
23. On Panel 2, which of the following antibodies could not be ruled out?
A. Anti-Jkb
B. Anti-C
C. Anti-M
D. Anti-Fyb
A

b

24
Q 
24. On Panel 2, which cells are homozygous for C?
A. 1, 2, 3
B. 1, 2, 9
C. 3, 4, 7
D. 7, 8, 10
A

b

25
Q
  1. A 77-year-old female is admitted to a community hospital after a cardiac arrest. History includes an abdominal aortic aneurysm 2 years ago in which
    she received 6 units of packed cells. Her blood type is A positive and antibody screen is positive at AHG phase in screening cells II and III. A panel is performed using LISS. Referring to panel 3, which antibodies are likely implicated?
    A. C and K
    B. Jka and c
    C. E and c
    D. Fya and M
A

c

26
Q
  1. What observation is apparent with one of the antibodies present on Panel 3?
    A. One antibody is only reacting with heterozygous cells
    B. Both antibodies are only reacting with
    homozygous cells
    C. One antibody is only reacting with homozygous cells
    D. Both antibodies are exhibiting dosage
A

c

BBLAB[FINALS] (5 decks)

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