Testing Flashcards
Species of choice for repro tox tests
Rats
Lesser degree mice
What are the three Rs in animal testing
Replace
Reduce
Refine
Female repro test end points
Tract morph and receptors, ovum properties, blastocyst recovery,
Hormonal balance/receptor, cycle length/normalcy, fertility, uterine
Condition, implantation, lactation, maternal behavior
Male repro end points
Sperm structure and morph, sperm motility viability and count
Sperm DNA integrity, hormonal balance and receptor interaction
Fertility
What is the most important period for developmental tox tests
Organogenesis
Most dev tox test are done in what
Rat. However the rat plus rabbit is better. If get a neg test in rat go to rabbit to catch the ones the rat misses.
What is the model of choice for cutaneous testing
Until recently the albino rabbit however it was too sensitive and over predicted so now the albino rat and sometimes Guinea pigs are used.
When a non rodent is needed the mini pig is choice.
Sensitization is guinea pig
What does mouse spot test detect
Somatic gene mutation by alter coat color (colored spots)
What is the model for neuro tox tests
The rat. However, dogs guinea pigs and mini pigs are also used esp. For children comparison.
Rat has brain develop after birth that others do not a major disadvantage
What r the main transgenic systems used
Muta mouse lacZ
Big blue rat/mouse lacI
Advantages and disadvantages of in vitro
Adv. inexpensive,easy to maintain and manipulate, study direct cell effects in controlled environment
Disadv. Lack systemic effects EG. Growth factors, metabolism elimination, cell cell interaction
In vitro test should have end points that
Show dose response relationship
Are predictive of in vino pattern
Are objective and reproducible
Have internal controls
