Testicular Tumors Flashcards
What is the most common type of testcular tumors?
Germ Cell Tumors
What age group do germ cell tumors usually in?
15-40 yo
Risk factors of germ cell tumors
Cryptochordism
Klinefelter syndrome
What are the two kinds of germ cell tumors?
Seminoma
Non-seminoma
How do seminoma and non-seminoma differ?
Seminoma: highly responsive to radiotherapy, metastasize late and have excellent prognosis
Non-seminoma: Variable response to therapy, often metastasize early and poorer prognosis
What is the gross presentation of seminoma?
Malignant tumor that forms a homogenous mass with no hemorrhage or necrosis
Histo of seminoma
Composed of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei (resemble spermatogonia)
What hormone is rarely produced in seminoma?
ß-hCG
Histo of embryonal carcinoma
Malignant tumor comprised of immature, primitive cells that may produce glands
Gross presentation of embryonal carcinoma
Hemorrhagic mass with necrosis
What hormone is increased in embryonal carcinoma?
AFP
ß-hCG
Histo of yolk sac tumor?
Schiller-Duval bodies (glomerulus-like structures)
What hormone is characteristically elevated in yolk sac tumor?
AFP
What is choriocarcinoma?
Malignant tumor of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts
Histo of choriocarcinoma
Placenta-like tissue but ville are absent
What hormone is characteristically elevated into choriocarcinoma? What is the result of this elevated hormone?
ß-hCG
May lead to hyperthyroidism or gynecomastia (remember: alpha subunit of hCG is similar to FSH, LH and TSH)
How does choriocarcinoma spread?
Spreads early by blood
What is a teratoma?
tumor composed of mature fetal tissue derived from 2 or 3 embryonic layers
Is teratoma malignant in males?
Malignant in males
Benign in females
What hormones may be increased in teratoma?
AFP
ß-hCG
What are the sex-cord cells?
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells
What are sex-cord stromal tumors?
Tumors that resemble sex cord-stromal tissues of the testicle; usually benign
What hormone is produced by Leydig cell tumor? What is the result?
Usually produces androgens
Causes precocious puberty in children or gynecomastia in adults
Histo of Leydig cell tumor
Reinke crystals
Histo and clinical characteristic of sertoli cell tumor
Comprised of tubules
Usually clinically silent
What type of lymphoma usually causes testicular mass?
Diffuse large B-cell type
