Testicular cancer Flashcards
What is the prevalence of testicular cancer
most common form of malignancy in men aged 20-30 years old
What kind of tumours are most testicular cancers
95% are germ cell tumours
What can germ cell tumours be divided into
Seminomas- most common type
Non-seminomatous germ cell tumours- including embryonal, yolk sac, teratoma and choriocarcinoma
What do non-germ cell tumours include
Leydig cell tumours
sarcomas
What are some risk factors for testicular cancer
Infertility
Cryptorchidism
Ectopic testis
Testicular atrophy
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Mumps orchitis
Family history
What may someone with testicular cancer present with
painless hard nodular testicular mass
unilateral
may be associated with hydrocele
lymphadenopathy
gynaecomastia
backache - due to metastases
What investigations may be required
Bloods
Tumour markers
testicular ultrasiund
CTAP - visualising tumour and monitoring treatment response
CXR- for mediastinal and lung masses
What are the specific tumour markers for testicular cancer and in what type of cancers will they be elevated
Alpha fetoprotein - elevated in non-seminomas
Beta hCG - elevated in germ cell tumours
LDH- can be elevated in germ cell tumours
How do you manage testicular cancer
Orchidectomy
Chemo and radiotherapy
