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Bio 139 Test 4 > Test4 Brain and Nerves > Flashcards

Test4 Brain and Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

4 Parts of the Brain

A

Cerebrum 2) Diencephalon 3) Brian Stem 4) Cerebellum

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2
Q

Gyri

A

Fold of the brain

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3
Q

Sulci

A

Grooves/Depression of the Brain

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4
Q

Fissures

A

Deep Grooves of the brain(trenches)

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5
Q

Rostral Side

A

Front

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6
Q

Caudal

A

Back (tail end)

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7
Q

Grey Matter and White mater

A

White surrounds grey and in the brain grey forms outside

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8
Q

Meninges

A

Protective CT surrounding the brain. 3 total

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9
Q

3 Main Meninges that surround the brain

A

1) Dura mater 2) arachnoid Layer 3) Pia Mater

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10
Q

Dura mater (6)

A

1) Outermost Layer 2) Made from Dense Ireg CT 3) Made from two layers the outer Layer called PERIOSTEAL 4) and the inner layer called MENINGEAL 5) and Has Dural venous sinuses 6) and Epidural Space

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11
Q

Dural Venous Sinuses

A

Space between two layers of the Dura mater and it contains bloods (venous - blood sinuses- Space)

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12
Q

Epidural Space

A

A space that is superficial to the Dura mater

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13
Q

Arachnoid Layer

A

1) Middle 2) Web of collagen & elastic fibers (look like a spider) with a 3)Subdural Space and 4) Subarachnoid Space

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14
Q

Subdural Space

A

Associated with The Arachnoid Layer - Between dura matter and the Arachnoid layer

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15
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

Deep in the Arachnoid Layer this is one of the place CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID flowing

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16
Q

Pia Mater

A

Innermost Layer areolar CT adheres to brain.

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17
Q

Cranial Dural Septa 4 what are they.

A

1)Falx cerebri 2) Tentorium cerebelli 3) Falx cerebell 4) Diaphragma sellae

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18
Q

Flax Cerebri

A

Midsagittal plane Form the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

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19
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

Over cerebellum Forms Transverse sinuses

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20
Q

Falx cerebell

A

Divides left and right cerebellar hemispheres FORM occipital sinus

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21
Q

Diaphragma sellae

A

Covers sella turcica

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22
Q

Cranial Dural Septa

A

Are dips of the dura mater into cranial cavity to form sinuses.

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23
Q

Brain ventricles

A

4 continuous cavities

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24
Q

4 Brain ventricles

A

2 Lateral; Third; Fourth

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25
Q

Septum pellucidum

A

Divides between lateral ventricles

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26
Q

Interventricular Foramen

A

connects the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle

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27
Q

Mesencephalic aqueduct(cerebral aqueduct)

A

Connects the third ventricle and Fourth ventricle

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28
Q

What cells are in Ventricles and what do they produce

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid formed by choroid plexuses of Ependymal cells

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29
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A

1) Circulates in Ventricles; subarachnoid space and central canal of SC 2) Protects the brain 3) reduces weight of brain 4) Transports nutrients; removes waste 5) formed by choroid plexuses (ependymal cell)

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30
Q

How does CSF circulated? 6(T)

A

1) Flow Through VENTRICLES2) Splits into SUBARACHNOID space or central canal of CS 3) DURAL VENOUS SINUSES via the ARACHNOID VILLI 4) Dural venous sinuses into internal JUGULAR veins

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31
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

Formed from astrocytes prevents contamination of fluid in brain tissue

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32
Q

Cerebrum 4

A

Responsible for CONSCIUS THOUGHT & INTellectual Function 2) Outer Gray layer: Cerebral cortex 3) Cerebral cortex surround white matter. Within the white matter the CEREBRal nuclei (gray)

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33
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Outer layer of the Cerebrum (grey Matter)

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34
Q

Cerebral nuclei

A

Inner Most layer of cerebrum (grey Matter)

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35
Q

What structure has a one way value for CSF

A

Arachnoid Villi

36
Q

What line separates the Cerebral into Left and right

A

Longitudinal Fissure

37
Q

What connects the Cerebral Hemispheres what matter is it

A

Corpus Callosum(white matter)

38
Q

Cerebral Hemispheres characteristic for Motor control

A

1) Control opposite side of body

39
Q

Left hemisphere of the Cerebral Controls (3)

A

1) right handed control 2) Spoken/written language 3) numerical/scientific skills

40
Q

Right Hemisphere Control (4)

A

1) Left handed Control 2) Music/artistic awareness 3) Space/pattern perception 4) insight/imagination

41
Q

Frontal Lobes Controls

A

1)Motor control of Skeleton Muscle 2) Intellectual function

42
Q

Parietal Lobes Control

A

Sensory interpretation(primary somatosensory cortex)

43
Q

Temporal Lobes Control

A

Auditory and Olfactory sensation(smelling) (Primary visual and olfactory cortex)

44
Q

Occipital Lobe Control

A

Visual Stimuli(primary visual cortex)

45
Q

Insula Lobe Control

A

Taste and memory (gustatory cortex)

46
Q

Function areas of cerebrum Motor area

A

Primary Motor Cortex in the precentral gyrus

47
Q

Functional Areas of Cerebrum Sensory Area

A

1) primary somatosensory cortex(Parietal Lobe) 2) Primary Visual cortex(Occipital) 3) Primary auditory cortex(temporal) 4) Gustatory Cortex (taste)(Insula) 5) Olfactory cortex (temporal)

48
Q

Function areas of cerebrum(association areas)

A

1) Premotor cortex 2) Wernicke’s area(understanding written/spoken language) 3) Gnostic Area(Overall comprehension)

49
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

associated with the cerebrum has to do with Understanding written and spoken language

50
Q

Gnostic Area

A

Association Area: integration of overall comprehension of situation

51
Q

Homunculus

A

Map/model of a person dived into motor/sensory control section of the brain

52
Q

Where is the Primary Cortex

A

In the precentral gyrus

53
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex

A

In the postcentral gyrus (Parietal Lobe)

54
Q

What is an Association Area

A

In-between the Motor and sensory

55
Q

Central White Matter 3 Types

A

Axons bundled to gether in Tracks 1) Association Tracts 2) Commissural Tracks 3) Projection Tracts

56
Q

Association Tracts

A

Connects two different areas in the SAME Hemisphere

57
Q

Tracts

A

Axons bundles in the CNS

58
Q

Commissural Tracts

A

Tract that connects the Two Hemisphere

59
Q

Projection Tracts

A

Leave the Brain into the spinal cord(Project out of the brain)

60
Q

Cerebral (basal nuclei)

A

Pairs of gray matter deep in the White matter

61
Q

Diencephalon 3 parts

A

Epithalamus 2) Thalamus 3) hypothalamus

62
Q

Epithalamus

A

Covers 3rd Ventricle 2) Pineal Gland(melatonin) 3) Habenular(emotional odor)

63
Q

Pineal gland Loc/Char

A

In the Epithalamus (posterior brain) Produces melatonin which regulates circadian rhythms (sleep cycle)

64
Q

Habenular nuclei Loc/function

A

Visceral and emotion Reponses to odor in the Epithalamus

65
Q

Thalamus

A

1)Paired oval masses on each side of the 3rd ventricles 2) Connected by interthalamic adhesion(grey matter) 3) Filter and RELAYS SENSORY info to the Cerebrum(relay center)

66
Q

Hypothalamus Location and what it connects to

A

Below the Thalamus and hold the pituitary gland with the Infundibulum(stake)

67
Q

Functions of the Hypothalamus

A

1) Master controller of autonomic nervous system (ANS)(involuntary) 2)Controls Pituitary gland 3) THERMOREGULATION(thermostat) 4)Limbic System(emotions) 5) Satiety center(hungry or full) 6) THIRST center 7) Circadian rhythms in the cardicvasulaur system.

68
Q

3 Parts of the Brain Stem

A

1) Mesencephalon(midbrain) 2) Pons 3) Medulla Oblongata

69
Q

Mesencephalon(midbrain) Parts 4

A

1) Contains Cerebral peduncles(on front)(tracts) 2) Corpora quadrigemina(posterior) 3) Substantia Nigra 4) Red Nuclei

70
Q

Where are the cerebral peduncles

A

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

71
Q

Where is the substantia nigra and what does it release

A

In the mesencephalon releases dopamine(neurotransmitter with controls movement)

72
Q

Where and what does the Corpora Quadrigemina do?

A

In the mesencephalon deals with reflexes of hearing and vision

73
Q

Red Nucleus where is it

A

In the Mesencephalon

74
Q

Pons Where is it

A

1)BRIDGE between the mesencephalon and the Medulla oblongata 2) Tracts that connect Brain and Spinal Canal(SC)(big bulge)

75
Q

Function of the Pons (3)

A

Respiratory Centers which help REGULATE breathing 1) pneumotaxic 2) apneustic

76
Q

Medulla oblongata Where

A

Tract that connect brain and SC BELOW the PONS

77
Q

What is in the Medulla Oblongata(4)

A

1) Pyramids 2) Decussation of pyramids 3) Olivary nuclei(2 little bumps) 4) inferior cerebellar peduncles

78
Q

What does the medulla oblongata Regulates? (3)

A

Autonomic nuclei that regulate 1) (Cardiovascular Center) a) CARDIAC b) Vasomotor(blood vessels) 2) RESPIRATORY(main center)

79
Q

Why is the Decussation of Pyramids important and where is it.

A

It is where the Central motor nerves CROSS making it so that are right brain control are left side. It is Located inside the MEDULLA OBLONGATA

80
Q

Cerebellum 2 parts

A

Cerebellar cortex(gray)(outside) 2) Abor vitae(white)(tree of life)

81
Q

Folia

A

Folds in the cerebellum

82
Q

Cerebellum Functions

A

Coordination and Balance (fine tunes rough draft of movement and awareness of position)

83
Q

Limbic System Functions

A

Emotion and Memory(emotional aspects of behavior/memory and pain and pleasure)

84
Q

Limbic system includes

A

Cerebrum and Diencephalon

85
Q

Reticular formation 5 parts

A

1)Is throughout brain stem helps 2)regulate muscle tone 3) Reticular activating system 4) alerts cortex to incoming signals 5) Consciousness and awaking from sleep

Bio 139 Test 4 (6 decks)

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