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ANAT100 Test #2 > Test2 > Flashcards

Test2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which 5 muscles are included w/in the extrinsic superficial group?

A

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor & major

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2
Q

Which muscles are included w/in the extrinsic intermediate group?

A
  • Serratus posterior superior

- Serratus posterior inferior

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3
Q

How many muscle groups are w/in the intrinsic layer?

A

3 groups

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4
Q

Which muscles are found w/in the superficial intrinsic group?

A
  • splenius cervicis

- splenius capitis

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5
Q

Which muscles are found w/in intermediate intrinsic group?

A
  • iliocostalis (lateral)
  • longissimus (intermediate)
  • spinalis (medial)
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6
Q

Which muscles are found w/in the deep intrinsic group?

A
  • semipinalis
  • Multifidi
  • rotatores
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7
Q

Which muscle originates on the SPs of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs?

A

Latissimus dorsi

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8
Q

List the erector spinae from medial to lateral?

A
  • spinalis
  • longissimus
  • iliocostalis
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9
Q

Which muscle group is made up of 12 pairs of muscles that attach to TVPs & ribs?

A

Levator costorum group

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10
Q

Which muscle originates on the SPs of T2-T5 and inserts onto the medial border of the scapula, from the spine of scap to inferior angle?

A

Rhomboid major

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11
Q

What joint structure prevents soft tissue from rubbing against bone?

A

Bursae

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12
Q

Which type of level always operates at a mechanical advantage

A

Power level

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13
Q

What is the basis of the structural classifications joints?

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
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14
Q

Which type of lever has the fulcrum between the effort and load?

A

1st class lever

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15
Q

Which term describes a joint that is slightly moveable?

A

Amphiarthroses

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16
Q

Describe the appearance of smooth muscle cells

A
  • Spindle shaped
  • Short
  • Involuntary
  • Contraction constricts lumen
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17
Q

Which muscle fibre arrangements allows for the greatest degree of movement?

A

Parallel

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18
Q

When the trapezius helps stabilize the scapula during shoulder abduction, which role is it performing?

A

Scapular retraction

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19
Q

Which term is synonymous which zygapophyseal joint?

A

Facet joint

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20
Q

What are the two types of synovial joints the scapula forms with other bones?

A
  • Ball & socket joint

- Saddle joint

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21
Q

Epimysium?

A

Outside of the muscle

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22
Q

Endoneurium?

A

Inside nerve

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23
Q

Interconnected?

A

Covering something, giving it a big hug

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24
Q

Scapular muscles (2)

A

Teres minor

Teres major

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25
Q

Supraspinatus origin

A

Supraspinous fossa

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26
Q

Supraspinatus insertion

A

Greater tubercle of humerus (superior facet)

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27
Q

Supraspinatus action

A

Initial 15degrees of abduction of the humerus

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28
Q

Supraspinatus innervation

A

Suprascapular n

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29
Q

Infraspinatus origin

A

Infraspinous fossa

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30
Q

Infraspinatus insertion

A

Greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet)

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31
Q

Infraspinatus action

A

Lateral (external) rotation of humerus

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32
Q

Infraspinatus innervation

A

Suprascapular n

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33
Q

Teres minor origin

A

Middle of lateral border of scapula

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34
Q

Teres minor insertion

A

Greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet)

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35
Q

Teres minor action

A

Lateral rotation of humerus

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36
Q

Teres minor innervation

A

Axillary n

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37
Q

Subscapularis origin

A

Subscapular fossa

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38
Q

Subscapularis insertion

A

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

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39
Q

Subscapularis action

A

Adducts & medically rotates humerus

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40
Q

Subscapularis innervation

A

Upper & lower subscapular nn

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41
Q

Teres major origin

A

Inferior angle of the scapula (dorsal surface)

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42
Q

Teres major insertion

A

Medial lip of nico pitas groove of humerus

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43
Q

Teres major action

A

Adducts & medially rotates humerus

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44
Q

Teres major innervation

A

Lower subscapular n

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45
Q

Deltoid origin

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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46
Q

Deltoid insertion

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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47
Q

Deltoid action (anterior part)

A

Flexes & medially rotates humerus

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48
Q

Deltoid action (middle part)

A

Abducts humerus

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49
Q

Deltoid action (posterior part)

A

Extends & laterally rotates humerus

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50
Q

Deltoid action #2

A

Stabilize GH joint

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51
Q

Deltoid innervation

A

Axillary n

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52
Q

4 T’s of palpating & then some

A 
Tone 
Temperature 
Texture 
Tenderness 
Location 
Size 
Shape
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53
Q

Pectoralis major origin (clavicles head)

A

Anterior surface of medial 1/2 of clavicle

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54
Q

Pectoralis Major origin (sternal head)

A

Anterior surface of sternum

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55
Q

Pectoralis major origin (costal head)

A

Costal cartilage 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

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56
Q

Pectoralis major action (all 3 heads)

A

Medially rotate & adduct humerus

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57
Q

Pectoralis major action (clavicular head)

A

Flexion of GH joint

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58
Q

Pectoralis major action (sternal & costal heads)

A

Extend humerus at GH joint from a flexed position

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59
Q

Pectoralis major innervation

A

Lateral & medially pectoral nn

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60
Q

Pectoralis minor origin

A

Costal cartilage 3-5 (anteromedial surface)

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61
Q

Pectoralis minor insertion

A

Medial & superior aspect of coracoid process of scapula

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62
Q

Pectoralis minor action

A

Protects & stabilizes scapula &

W/scapula fixed, draws rib cage up

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63
Q

Pectoralis minor innervation

A

Medial pectoral n

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64
Q

Subclavius origin

A

Junction of 1st rib & its costal cartilage

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65
Q

Subclavius insertion

A

Inferior middle of 1/3 clavicle

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66
Q

Subclavius action

A

Stabilize & depresses clavicle

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67
Q

Subclavius innervation

A

N to subclavius

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68
Q

Serratus anterior origin

A

External surface of ribs 1-8 (or 9)

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69
Q

Serratus anterior insertion

A

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

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70
Q

Serratus anterior action

A

Protracts the scapula & holds it against the thoracic wall &
Rotates scapula superiorly

71
Q

Serratus anterior innervation

A

Long thoracic n

72
Q

What do muscle do to produce movement?

A

Shorten along the muscles long axis

73
Q

What info about a muscle do we need in order to determine its action?

A

Bony attachments & fibre direction

74
Q

Which attachment of a mm moves?

A

Typically the insertion moves closer to the origin, shortening the muscle & causing the movement

75
Q

Why is muscle fibre direction important to the movement?

A

Fibre direction determines the direction of pull of the muscle, and therefore the movement the muscle creates

76
Q

Trapezius origin

A

Medial 1/3 superior nuchal line; inion; ligamentum nuchae; c7-t12 SPs

77
Q

Trapezius insertion (inferior)

A

Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula

78
Q

Trapezius action (superior)

A

Elevates scapula

79
Q

Trapezius action (middle)

A

Retracts scapula

80
Q

Trapezius action (inferior)

A

Depress scapula

81
Q

Trapezius action (superior & inferior)

A

Superior rotation of scapula

82
Q

Trapezius action (bilateral & unilateral)

A

Bilateral: with scapula fixed, extend head
Unilateral: lateral flexion of neck

83
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

CN (cranial neck) XI; C2, C3

84
Q

Latissimus dorsi origin (medial)

A

T6-T12 SPs; thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest; inferior 3 or 4 ribs

85
Q

Trapezius insertion (lateral)

A

Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

86
Q

Trapezius action

A

Extends, adducts & medially rotates humerus &

Raises body toward arms during climbing

87
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

Thoracodorsal n

88
Q

Levator scapulae origin (superior)

A

Posterior tubercle of C1-C4 TVPs

89
Q

Levator scapulae insertion (inferior)

A

Superior angle of scapula

90
Q

Levator scapulae action

A 
Elevate scapula 
Rotate glen pod cavity inferiorly 
Flex & ipsilaterally rotate neck 
Bilaterally extend neck 
Scapula retraction
91
Q

Levator scapulae innervation

A

Dorsal scapular n

92
Q

Rhomboid minor & major actions

A

Retract scapula
Rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly
Fxn scapula to thoracic wall

93
Q

Rhomboid minor & major innervation

A

Dorsal scapular n

94
Q

Rhomboid minor origin (medial)

A

Nuchal ligament; C7-T1 SPs

95
Q

Rhomboid minor insertion (lateral)

A

Medial border of scapula at the spine

96
Q

Rhomboid major origin (medial)

A

T12-T5 SPs

97
Q

Rhomboid major insertion (lateral)

A

Medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle

98
Q

Serratus posterior superior origin (medial)

A

Nuchal ligaments & SPs of C7-T3

99
Q

Serratus posterior superior insertion (lateral)

A

Superior surface ribs 2-4

100
Q

Serratus posterior superior actions

A 
Rib elevation (unconfirmed) 
Proprioception
101
Q

Serratus posterior superior innervation

A

Intercostal nerves 2-5

102
Q

Serratus posterior inferior origin (medial)

A

T11 to L2 SPs

103
Q

Serratus posterior inferior insertion (lateral)

A

Inferior surface ribs 8-12

104
Q

Serratus posterior inferior actions

A 
Ribs depression (unconfirmed) 
Proprioception
105
Q

Serratus posterior inferior innervation

A

Ventral rami T9-T12 spinal nn

106
Q

Splenius capitis origin (inferior)

A

Inferior 1/2 nuchal ligaments & C7-T4 SPs

107
Q

Splenius capitis insertion (superior)

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone; lateral 1/2 superior nuchal line

108
Q

Splenius capitis action

A

(U) lateral flexion & ipsilateral rotation of head & neck

(B) head & neck extension

109
Q

Splenius cervicis origin (inferior)

A

SPs T3-T6

110
Q

Splenius capitis insertion (superior)

A

TVPs C1-C4

111
Q

Splenius capitis action

A

(U) lateral flexion & ipsilateral rotation of neck

(B) neck extension

112
Q

Erector spinae- spinalis insertion

A

Upper thoracic SPs; skull

113
Q

Erector spinae-spinalis action

A

(U) lateral flexion of vertebral column & head; control movement via eccentric contraction

114
Q

Longissimus insertion

A

Ribs between tubercles & angles; thoracic & cervical TVPs; mastoid process

115
Q

Longissimus action

A

(U) lateral flexion of vertebral column & head

(B) extension of vertebral column & head; control movement via eccentric contraction

116
Q

Iliocostalis insertion

A

Angles of lower ribs & cerical TVPs

117
Q

Iliocostalis action

A

(U) lateral flexion of vertebral column

(B) extension of vertebral column; control movement via eccentric contraction

118
Q

Semispinalis origin

A

TVPs C4-T12

119
Q

Semispinalis insertion

A

Cervicis: SPs of thoracic & cervical vertebrae (scanning 4-6 segments)
Capitis: occiput

120
Q

Semispinalis action

A

Stabilize vertebrae
(B); extend head & cervical & thoracic vertebral column

(U) contra lateral rotation of head & cervical & thoracic vertebral column

121
Q

Multifidus origin

A

Posterior sacrum; PSIS; erector spinae aponenurosis; SI ligaments; lateral lumbar vertebrae; TVPs of T1-T3; articular processes of C4-C7

122
Q

Multifidus insertion

A

SPs of vertebrae 2-4 segments above

123
Q

Multifidus actions

A

Stabilize vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column

(B) extension of vertebral column
(U) lateral flexion; contralateral rotation of vertebral column

124
Q

Rotatores origin

A

TVPs of vertebrae

125
Q

Rotatores insertion

A

SPs of vertebrae 1-2 segments above

126
Q

Rotatores actions

A

Stabilize vertebrae
(B) vertebral extension
(U) lateral flexion; contralateral rotation of vertebral column

127
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major origin

A

SP of C2

128
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major insertion

A

Lateral inferiors nuchal line

129
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major actions

A

Unilateral: ispisilateral rotation of head & neck
Bilateral: head extension

130
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor origin

A

Tubercle on posterior arch of C1

131
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor insertion

A

Lateral inferior nuchal line

132
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor action

A

Unilateral: ispisilateral rotation of head & neck
Bilateral: head extension

133
Q

Obliquus capitis superior origin

A

TVP of C1

134
Q

Onliquus capitis superior insertion

A

Lateral aspect of occiput b/w nuchal lines

135
Q

Obliquus capitis superior action

A

Bilateral: head extension

136
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior origin

A

SP of C2

137
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior insertion

A

TVPs of C1

138
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior action

A

Unilateral: ipsilateral rotation of atlantoaxial joint (C1-C2)

139
Q

Sternocleidomostoid origin

A

Sternal: manubrium lateral to jugular notch
Clavicular: superior aspect of medial 1/3 of clavicle

140
Q

Sternocleidomastiod insertion (both heads)

A

Lateral aspect of mastoid process & lateral 1/2 superior nuchal line

141
Q

Sternocleidomastiod action

A

Unilateral: lateral flexion & contralateral rotation of the CS
Bilateral: flexion of CS (head & neck): thrusting chin forward

142
Q

Anterior scalene origin

A

TVPs of C3-C6

143
Q

Anterior scalene insertion

A

1st rib (scalene tubercle)

144
Q

Middle scalene origin

A

TVPs of C2-C7

145
Q

Middle scalene insertion

A

1st rib

146
Q

Posterior scalene origin

A

TVPs of C4-C6

147
Q

Posterior scalene insertion

A

2nd rib

148
Q

Anterior scalene action

A

(U) lateral flexion of neck
(B) flexion of neck
Accessory muscle of inspiration by elevation of 1st ribs

149
Q

Posterior scalene action

A

(U) lateral flexion of neck
(B) flexion of neck
Accessory muscle of inspiration by elevation of 1st & 2nd ribs

150
Q

Platysma origin

A

Subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular & supraclavicular regions

151
Q

Name 4 suprahyoid muscles

A

Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Styohyoid
Digastric

152
Q

What is the general action of the suprahyoid muscle?

A

Elevates the hyoid bone, brings mandible & hyoid closer to one another

153
Q

Name the 4 infahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid

154
Q

What is the general action of the infrahyoid muscle?

A

Depresses the hyoid bone

155
Q

Name the 4 muscles in the anterior pectoral region that act on the scapula & upper limb?

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavius

156
Q

6 scapular muscles act on shoulder

A 
Supraspinatus 
Infraspinatus 
Teres major 
Teres minor 
Deltoid 
Subscapularis
157
Q

4 rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

158
Q

Muscle types & functions

A

Smooth muscle: movement of substances

Cardiac muscle: blood circulation

Skeletal muscle: 
Movement 
Maintaining posture 
Stabilizing joints 
Generating heat
159
Q

Skeletal appearance

A

Long
Cylindrical
Voluntary
Contract along their long axis

160
Q

Cardiac appearance

A

Short
Branched
Involuntary
Contraction in various directions

161
Q

Common muscle arrangements

A

Parallel
Pennate
Convergent
Circular

162
Q

Functional classification

A

Agonists: muscles that provide major force for a specific movement

Antagonists: muscles that oppose/reverse specific movement

Synergists: promote same movement

Fixators: immobilize a bone or muscle

163
Q

The body 3 visible layers

A

Epidermis (superficial)
Dermis (intermediate)
Subcutaneous (deep)

164
Q

Types of synovial joints (6)

A 
Plane joint 
Ball & socket joint 
Hinge joint 
Saddle joint 
Pivot joints 
condyloid joint
165
Q

Power level

A

Operates at a mechanical advantage

166
Q

Speed level

A

Operates at a mechanical disadvantage

167
Q

1st class lever

A

Fulcrum in the middle & effort, load at each end &

operates at mechanical advantage

168
Q

2nd class lever

A

Load in between & effort, fulcrum at ends

Operates at mechanical advantage

169
Q

Third class lever

A

Effort between load & fulcrum

Operates at mechanical disadvantage

170
Q

Structural classification based on type of tissue that holds joint together (3)

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

171
Q

Functional classifications based on amount of movement possible at a joint (3)

A

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

172
Q

3 classes of fibrous joints

A

Suture joints
Syndrsmosis
Gomohosis

173
Q

Cartilaginous joints 2 types

A

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

ANAT100 Test #2 (1 decks)

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