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Psychology 2 > Test1 > Flashcards

Test1 Flashcards

0
Q

What is life expectancy

A

The average number of years that a person born in a particular year can expect to live

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1
Q

A great deal of change occurs…

A

5-6 decades after adolescent due to increase life expectancy

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2
Q

What was the life expectancy in the 20th century and what is it now? And y is it different?

A

30 years old, now 78 years due rot nutrition, sanitation and medicine

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3
Q

What is lifespan perspective

A

Developmental change occurs throughout childhood and adulthood

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4
Q

What area the characteristics of lifespan perspective

A

Lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, multidisciplinary, plastic, contextual, which involves growth, maintenance, regulation of loss, co-construction of biology culture and the individual

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5
Q

What does it mean to be lifelong - lifespan development

A

No stage dominates; learn on all levels

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6
Q

What does it mean to be multidimentional - lifespan development

A

Involves body, mind, emotions and relationships change and affect each other (biological, cognitive, socioemotional)

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7
Q

What does it mean to be multidirectional - lifespan development

A

Some dimensions shrink whole others increase - language

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8
Q

What does it mean to be plastic - lifespan development

A

Capacity to change or remain stable

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9
Q

What does it mean to be multidisciplinary - lifespan development

A

Psychologies, sociologist, neurologist, anthropologists

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10
Q

What does it mean to be context - lifespan development

A

Development occurs within context/ settings - schools, church, peers etc.

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11
Q

What are the influences within contextualized development

A

Normative age graded influences, normative history graded influences, normative life events

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12
Q

What is normative age graded influences

A

Influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age groups - menopause, retirement

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13
Q

What are normative history graded influences

A

Influences that are common to ppl of a particular generation because of historical circumstances - ww2, ice storm

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14
Q

What is normative life events

A

Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual’s life - death in family, pregnancy at early adolescent

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15
Q

What does it mean that development involves growth, maintenance and regulation of loss

A

Mastery of life involves conflicts and competition amongst growth, maintenance and regulation of loss - in middle to late adulthood maintenance and loss more importance than growth

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16
Q

What is it meant that development is a co construction of biological, culture and the individual

A

Each work together based of experiences to shape and optimize our life

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17
Q

What is development

A

The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life span

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18
Q

The pattern of developmental change is complex because

A

It is a product of biological, cognitive and socioemotional process

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19
Q

What is the biological process

A

Change in individuals physical nature

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20
Q

What is the cognitive process

A

The processes that involves change in the individuals thought, intelligence and language

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21
Q

What is the socioemotional process

A

Process that involves change in an individuals relationships with others, emotion and personality

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22
Q

What is the prenatal ages?

A

Conception of birth

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23
Q

What is the infancy ages

A

Birth to 18-24 months

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24
What is the early childhood ages
End of infancy to 5/6 years
25
What is the middle to late childhood ages
6-11
26
What is the adolescent ages?
10-12 to 18-21
27
What is the early adulthood ages
End of adolescent to mid 30s
28
What is the emerging adulthood ages
18-25
29
What is the middle adulthood ages
40s to 60s
30
What is the late adulthood ages
60 to death
31
What is the oldest old ages
85- death
32
What is the young old ages
65-84
33
What is chronological age
The number of years that past for the individual
34
What is biological age
Age determined by biological health
35
What is psychological age
Adaptive capacity when compared to ppl of the same chronological age
36
What is social age
Social role and expectancy attached to a persons chronological age
37
What are the developmental issues
Nature and nurture, continuity and discontinuity, stability and chage
38
What is nature and nurture
Biological vs environmental experiences
39
What is stability and change
The degree to which early traits and characteristics will change or stay the same
40
What is continuity and discontinuity
Gradual, nurture seed to tree vs abrupt, nature, caterpillar to butterfly
41
What is the scientific method
1 conceptualize process 2 collect data 3 analyze data 4 draw conclusion
42
What are bronfenbrenner's ecological theory
1 Microsystems 2 mesosystem 3 exosystem 4 macrosystem 5 chronosystem
43
What is Microsystems?
Wheee you live direct interactions with family peers neighbours
44
What is mesosystem
Correlations between Microsystems
45
What is exosystem
The individual plays no role in the construction of experiences but these experiences have a direct impact on the Microsystems the individual is a part of
46
What is macrosystem
Influences of culture
47
What is chronosystem
Cumulative experiences a person has over lifetime, can include transitions
48
What are the 3 timespan research approach
1 cross-sectional approach 2 longitudinal approach 3 cohort effect
49
What is the cross- sectional approach?
Research strategy that simultaneously compares individuals of different ages
50
What are the pros and cons of the cross-sectional approach?
Pros- can show different developmental stages amongst different ages groups, short time don't have to wait until individual grows up Cons- does not show change or stability
51
Whats longitudinal approach
Research strategy when an individual is studied over a long period of time- years
52
Pros and cons to longitudinal approach
Pros- wealth of info about vital issues, and info about stability and change Cons- long, expensive, ppl drop out,move
53
What is cohort effect
Are due to a persons time of birth, era, generation not age
54
What is genotype
Actual genetic material - gene
55
What is phenotype
The way the genes are expressed - photo
56
What is dominant recessive genes
Dominant gene overrides the expression of the other genes(recessive) Recessive gene exerts it's influences if both genes are recessive
57
What are the heredity and environment interactions
Passive, evocative, active
58
What is passive genotype environment correlation
Child inherits genetic tendency and parent provide environment that matches
59
What is evocative genotype environment correlation
Child's genetic tendency is stimulated from environment that supports that trait; genes evoke environmental support
60
What is active genotype environment correlation
Child seek niche in environment that reflects their own interests and talents; in line with genotype
61
What are the prenatal development stages?
Germination, embryonic and fetal
62
What is germinal period
Occurs during first 2 weeks after conception, zygote created, zygote attaches to wall
63
What is embryonic period
2-8 weeks after conception, formation of endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
64
What is the endoderm layer
Inner layer of embryo, digestive and respiratory system
65
What is the mesoderm layer
Middle layer, circulatory, bones, muscles, excretory, reproductive system
66
What is the ectoderm
Outer most layer, nervous system, sensory receptors
67
What occurs in the fetal period
Fetal development can live outside of mother if born, lasts 7 months, organs begin to appear, average baby weight 7.5 lbs
68
What are the two brith defects that can occur in fetus
Anencephaly and spina bifidia
69
What is anencephaly
Neural tube is suppose to close but doesn't at the top, brain fails to develop
70
What is the result of anencephaly
Fetus die in womb, during birth, or shortly after
71
What is spina bifidia
Incomplete development of spinal cord, results in paralysis of lower limbs
72
What are the results of spinal bifidia
Child needs crushed, braces or wheel chair
73
What helps to prevent neural defects of fetus
B vitamin frolic acid
74
What are the prenatal diagnostic tests
Ultra sound sonography, fetal MRI, maternal blood screening, amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, NIPD
75
What is ultrasound sonography
High frequency sound waves, non invasive, can detect microencephaly, # of fetus and sex
76
What is fetal MRI
More details given than ultrasound, powerful magnetic and radio waves to see body organs and structures detects malformations, placental abnormalities, cg

Psychology 2 (1 decks)

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