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Psychology 2 > Test1 > Flashcards

Test1 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is life expectancy

A

The average number of years that a person born in a particular year can expect to live

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1
Q

A great deal of change occurs…

A

5-6 decades after adolescent due to increase life expectancy

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2
Q

What was the life expectancy in the 20th century and what is it now? And y is it different?

A

30 years old, now 78 years due rot nutrition, sanitation and medicine

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3
Q

What is lifespan perspective

A

Developmental change occurs throughout childhood and adulthood

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4
Q

What area the characteristics of lifespan perspective

A

Lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, multidisciplinary, plastic, contextual, which involves growth, maintenance, regulation of loss, co-construction of biology culture and the individual

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5
Q

What does it mean to be lifelong - lifespan development

A

No stage dominates; learn on all levels

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6
Q

What does it mean to be multidimentional - lifespan development

A

Involves body, mind, emotions and relationships change and affect each other (biological, cognitive, socioemotional)

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7
Q

What does it mean to be multidirectional - lifespan development

A

Some dimensions shrink whole others increase - language

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8
Q

What does it mean to be plastic - lifespan development

A

Capacity to change or remain stable

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9
Q

What does it mean to be multidisciplinary - lifespan development

A

Psychologies, sociologist, neurologist, anthropologists

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10
Q

What does it mean to be context - lifespan development

A

Development occurs within context/ settings - schools, church, peers etc.

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11
Q

What are the influences within contextualized development

A

Normative age graded influences, normative history graded influences, normative life events

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12
Q

What is normative age graded influences

A

Influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age groups - menopause, retirement

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13
Q

What are normative history graded influences

A

Influences that are common to ppl of a particular generation because of historical circumstances - ww2, ice storm

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14
Q

What is normative life events

A

Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual’s life - death in family, pregnancy at early adolescent

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15
Q

What does it mean that development involves growth, maintenance and regulation of loss

A

Mastery of life involves conflicts and competition amongst growth, maintenance and regulation of loss - in middle to late adulthood maintenance and loss more importance than growth

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16
Q

What is it meant that development is a co construction of biological, culture and the individual

A

Each work together based of experiences to shape and optimize our life

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17
Q

What is development

A

The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life span

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18
Q

The pattern of developmental change is complex because

A

It is a product of biological, cognitive and socioemotional process

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19
Q

What is the biological process

A

Change in individuals physical nature

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20
Q

What is the cognitive process

A

The processes that involves change in the individuals thought, intelligence and language

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21
Q

What is the socioemotional process

A

Process that involves change in an individuals relationships with others, emotion and personality

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22
Q

What is the prenatal ages?

A

Conception of birth

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23
Q

What is the infancy ages

A

Birth to 18-24 months

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24
Q

What is the early childhood ages

A

End of infancy to 5/6 years

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25
Q

What is the middle to late childhood ages

A

6-11

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26
Q

What is the adolescent ages?

A

10-12 to 18-21

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27
Q

What is the early adulthood ages

A

End of adolescent to mid 30s

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28
Q

What is the emerging adulthood ages

A

18-25

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29
Q

What is the middle adulthood ages

A

40s to 60s

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30
Q

What is the late adulthood ages

A

60 to death

31
Q

What is the oldest old ages

A

85- death

32
Q

What is the young old ages

A

65-84

33
Q

What is chronological age

A

The number of years that past for the individual

34
Q

What is biological age

A

Age determined by biological health

35
Q

What is psychological age

A

Adaptive capacity when compared to ppl of the same chronological age

36
Q

What is social age

A

Social role and expectancy attached to a persons chronological age

37
Q

What are the developmental issues

A

Nature and nurture, continuity and discontinuity, stability and chage

38
Q

What is nature and nurture

A

Biological vs environmental experiences

39
Q

What is stability and change

A

The degree to which early traits and characteristics will change or stay the same

40
Q

What is continuity and discontinuity

A

Gradual, nurture seed to tree vs abrupt, nature, caterpillar to butterfly

41
Q

What is the scientific method

A

1 conceptualize process 2 collect data 3 analyze data 4 draw conclusion

42
Q

What are bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory

A

1 Microsystems 2 mesosystem 3 exosystem 4 macrosystem 5 chronosystem

43
Q

What is Microsystems?

A

Wheee you live direct interactions with family peers neighbours

44
Q

What is mesosystem

A

Correlations between Microsystems

45
Q

What is exosystem

A

The individual plays no role in the construction of experiences but these experiences have a direct impact on the Microsystems the individual is a part of

46
Q

What is macrosystem

A

Influences of culture

47
Q

What is chronosystem

A

Cumulative experiences a person has over lifetime, can include transitions

48
Q

What are the 3 timespan research approach

A

1 cross-sectional approach 2 longitudinal approach 3 cohort effect

49
Q

What is the cross- sectional approach?

A

Research strategy that simultaneously compares individuals of different ages

50
Q

What are the pros and cons of the cross-sectional approach?

A

Pros- can show different developmental stages amongst different ages groups, short time don’t have to wait until individual grows up
Cons- does not show change or stability

51
Q

Whats longitudinal approach

A

Research strategy when an individual is studied over a long period of time- years

52
Q

Pros and cons to longitudinal approach

A

Pros- wealth of info about vital issues, and info about stability and change
Cons- long, expensive, ppl drop out,move

53
Q

What is cohort effect

A

Are due to a persons time of birth, era, generation not age

54
Q

What is genotype

A

Actual genetic material - gene

55
Q

What is phenotype

A

The way the genes are expressed - photo

56
Q

What is dominant recessive genes

A

Dominant gene overrides the expression of the other genes(recessive)
Recessive gene exerts it’s influences if both genes are recessive

57
Q

What are the heredity and environment interactions

A

Passive, evocative, active

58
Q

What is passive genotype environment correlation

A

Child inherits genetic tendency and parent provide environment that matches

59
Q

What is evocative genotype environment correlation

A

Child’s genetic tendency is stimulated from environment that supports that trait; genes evoke environmental support

60
Q

What is active genotype environment correlation

A

Child seek niche in environment that reflects their own interests and talents; in line with genotype

61
Q

What are the prenatal development stages?

A

Germination, embryonic and fetal

62
Q

What is germinal period

A

Occurs during first 2 weeks after conception, zygote created, zygote attaches to wall

63
Q

What is embryonic period

A

2-8 weeks after conception, formation of endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm

64
Q

What is the endoderm layer

A

Inner layer of embryo, digestive and respiratory system

65
Q

What is the mesoderm layer

A

Middle layer, circulatory, bones, muscles, excretory, reproductive system

66
Q

What is the ectoderm

A

Outer most layer, nervous system, sensory receptors

67
Q

What occurs in the fetal period

A

Fetal development can live outside of mother if born, lasts 7 months, organs begin to appear, average baby weight 7.5 lbs

68
Q

What are the two brith defects that can occur in fetus

A

Anencephaly and spina bifidia

69
Q

What is anencephaly

A

Neural tube is suppose to close but doesn’t at the top, brain fails to develop

70
Q

What is the result of anencephaly

A

Fetus die in womb, during birth, or shortly after

71
Q

What is spina bifidia

A

Incomplete development of spinal cord, results in paralysis of lower limbs

72
Q

What are the results of spinal bifidia

A

Child needs crushed, braces or wheel chair

73
Q

What helps to prevent neural defects of fetus

A

B vitamin frolic acid

74
Q

What are the prenatal diagnostic tests

A

Ultra sound sonography, fetal MRI, maternal blood screening, amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, NIPD

75
Q

What is ultrasound sonography

A

High frequency sound waves, non invasive, can detect microencephaly, # of fetus and sex

76
Q

What is fetal MRI

A

More details given than ultrasound, powerful magnetic and radio waves to see body organs and structures detects malformations, placental abnormalities, cg

Psychology 2 (1 decks)

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