TEST TWO

Question 1

Modern vaporizers are accurate over a wide range of temperatures and fresh gas flows. TRUE/FALSE

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

Measure of the volatility of the liquid anesthetic in the carrier gas

Answer 2

SVP

Question 3

The amount of calories required to convert 1 g of liquid to vapor without temperature change in the remaining fluid

Answer 3

Heat of vaporization

Question 4

A substances _________ ______ is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram (1 ml) of a substance by one degree C.

Answer 4

Specific heat SH

Question 5

Factors potentially affecting vaporizer output (4)

Answer 5

FGF
temperature
Carrier gas composition
Ambient pressure

Question 6

Increasing contact area between gas and liquid in a vaporizer increases efficiency of __________. (Baffles spiral tracks or wicks)

Answer 6

Vaporization

Question 7

3 characteristics of modern vaporizers include:

Answer 7

Agent specificity (keyed filling port required)
Temperature compensation
Flow-over

Question 8

Safety feature that only allows one vaporizer on at a time

Answer 8

Vaporizer interlock

Question 9

The basic operating premise of variable-bypass vaporizers states that FGF enters the vaporizer and splits into carrier gas (much less than ___%) and bypass gas (____%)

Answer 9

Carrier gas <20%

Bypass gas 80%

Question 10

Depends on the ratio of resistances to their flow (determined by concentration dial)

Answer 10

The “splitting ratio” of the two flows

Question 11

Output is relatively constant over a wide range of flows. (_____ ml/mon to ___ L/min)

Answer 11

250 ml/min to 15 L/min

Question 12

Describes the affect on vaporizer output from intermittently fluctuating pressure in the breathing system

Answer 12

“Pumping Effect”

Question 13

ASTM established standards (1988) that included FGF limits (____ L/min), __________ rotation for concentration increase, concentration __________ of vaporizers, and _________ effects.

Answer 13

FGF limits 15 L/min
Unidirectional rotation
Concentration calibration of vaporizers
Temp/pressure effects

Question 14

Hazards associated with vaporizers include: (4)

Answer 14

Using the wrong agent
Tipping
Overfilling
Empty vaporizer

Question 15

Safety features of vaporizers include: (4)

Answer 15

Agent-specific keyed fillers
Secured vaporizers
Interlocks
Counterclockwise rotation of dial for increase in %

Question 16

Compared to newer vaporizers (tec 6, 7 etc), _________ vaporizers require FGF close to ___ L/m, and are more affected by pumping.

Answer 16

Tec 5; 5 L/m

Question 17

Desflurane is heated to ______ C. (Above boiling point) as large amounts are vaporized and overpressurized to _____ mmHg.

Answer 17

Heated to 39 degrees C

Overpressurized to 1300 mmHg

Question 18

Electronic control mechanism in the _________ ________ is in the anesthesia machine

Answer 18

Aladdin cassette

Question 19

This type of vaporizer CAN be tipped

Answer 19

Aladdin cassettes

Question 20

These vaporizers may be tipped as long as in the “T” setting

Answer 20

Vapor 2000 vaporizers

Question 21

If wrong agent is used, discard contents of vaporizer and run ___ liters oxygen flow until no agent detected. (About ____ min)

Answer 21

5 L O2 flow

About 20 min

Question 22

What are the two factors affecting resistance in the circuit?

Answer 22

Width and length of the tubing

Question 23

Any breathing circuit creates resistance to gas flow, INCREASES/DECREASES work of breathing such that a spontaneously breathing pt under anesthesia should ALWAYS/SOMETIMES be assisted.

Answer 23

INCREASES work of breathing

Pts should ALWAYS be assisted under anesthesia

Question 24

What are the advantages of rebreathing?

Answer 24

• Cost reduction
• Increased warmth and humidity of inspired gases
• decrease of OR contamination

Question 25

Higher FGF are associated with more rebreathing. TRUE/FALSE

Answer 25

FALSE | Higher FGF = LESS rebreathing

Question 26

The higher the FGF, the MORE/LESS gas concentration in the circuit will resemble that at the common gas outlet.

Answer 26

Higher FGF = the MORE gas conc in circuit will resemble that at the common gas outlet

Question 27

What are the effects of rebreathing?

Answer 27

Heat and moisture retention Altered inspired CO2 Altered agent conc's

Question 28

What are the factors that affect rebreathing?

Answer 28

FGF Apparatus dead space Empty space

Question 29

To avoid hypercarbia with increased dead space, minute ventilation must INCREASE/DECREASE (alveolar ventilation=VE-VD)

Answer 29

MV must increase to avoid hypercarbia

Question 30

``` Common features of non-rebreathing circuits include: ________ resistance ______ dead space/empty space Lack of _________ valves Lack of _____ absorption ```

Answer 30

LOW resistance LESS dead space/empty space Lack of UNIDIRECTIONAL valves Lack of CO2 absorption

Question 31

Most popular non-rebreathing circuit is the ____________ as excess gas scavenging is easy and most efficient during controlled ventilation

Answer 31

Mapleson D

Question 32

The main modification to the mapleson involves placement of the FGF through the ___________ gases to heat the __________ gases.

Answer 32

Placement of FGF through the INSPIRED gases to heat the EXPIRED gases

Question 33

Advantages and disadvantages of NRB

Answer 33

Look up

Question 34

Reasons for decline of NRB (3)

Answer 34

Modern efficient ventilators Conservation of heat with rebreathing circuits Waste gas management

Question 35

Advantages/disadvantages of circle systems

Answer 35

Look up