Test Two Flashcards
what is another name for absence seizures? how long do they last? what is the age of onset?
petit mal, less than 10 seconds, between the ages of 4-10
what is the characteristic pattern on the EEG for absence seizures? What activational procedure may provoke absence seizures?
3 Hz spike and wave, 2.5-4Hz, sleep may distort, hyperventilation
What is the difference between ictal and interictal
ictal- during seizures/interictal- between seizures
What is another name for infantile spasms? What is usually the age of onset?
Jack knife, prior to 6 months and rarely after the age of 2
What is the pattern seen with infantile spasms?
relatively organized brain activity separating the periods of hysarrythmia
tonic
extension and abduction of extremities
clonic
prolong rapid jerking
aura
warning of a seizure
idiopathic
no known cause
symptomatic
etiology or cause of a disease
neoplasm
tumor
partial
initially affects one area of the brain
elementary
simple, without impairment of consciousness
complex
impairment of consciousness
gustatory
disagreeable taste, lip smack
in atonic seizures there is no loss of consciousness?
TRUE
What is a febrile seizure? how high of temperature? What kind of seizure is involved? What is the prognosis?
fever seizure, fever of 38 degrees C or higher, tonic-clonic, 1-3 minutes, excellent around 90 percent
Benign rolandic epilepsy usually occurs in adults age 20 to 30
FALSE (3-12 years of age)
describe the EEG with benign rolandic epilepsy
spike activity in central and mid temporal areas, usually increases in sleep
What is the characteristic pattern of Lennox Gastaut Syndrome?
irregular 1.5 to 2.5 Hz, generalized sharp, spike or polyspike and wave
What seizures are considered medical emergencies?
tonic-clonic, status epileptus
Describe pseudoseizures
attacks of sudden unresponsiveness or altered responsiveness. usually, but not always associated with dramatic motor manifestations which resemble true seizures
what is a mirror focus?
a spike focus in one area spread with time to the opposite area because of the richness of the commissure
What is secondary bilateral synchrony?
focus that becomes generalized, PaSp 60 mm/sec 5 sec/pg
Describe the total course of the EEG of a patient with grandmal seizures
gen. no focal onset, gen. fast activity at 18-20 Hz of increasing amp. Sudeen flattening of all areas with gradual build up of slow activity TONIC- 10-14 Hz activity and polyspikes with much muscle artifact CLONIC- rhythmic spike and slow wave
What should you do for a patient having a grandmal seizure?
make sure they are safe, cushion, turn on side to assist in breathing and saliva draining
3 anticonvulsants
valium, dilantin, ativan
With simple partial seizures conciousness is not lost
TRUE
what activational procedure most often elicits an absence seizure?
hyperventalation
what activational procedure often elicits a complex partial
photic light
deja vu
the feeling of reliving an experience that has occurred before
jamais vu
familiar becoming unfamiliar
two convulsants
megamede, brevital
what percentage of true epileptics also have pseudo seizures?
10-20 percent
what percentage of all types of epilepsy begin prior to the age of 20?
75 percent
More modern terminology of an elementary focal seizure?
simple partial
in BRE do the epileptiform spikes increase or decrease?
increase
Ketogenic diet
ketosis control, amplified atkins diet, state of ketosis, wipe out seizures. no carbs
what drugs do we give for complex partial status?
IV valium and IV pheno
