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Physical Anthropology Review > Test two > Flashcards

Test two Flashcards

1
Q

Number of Thoracic Vertebrae

A

12

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2
Q

At the end of the vertebrae. Made up of five fused bones.

A

Sacrum

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3
Q

Bones in the hand

A

Metacarpals

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4
Q

Bones in the feet

A

Metatarsals

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5
Q

The spinal cord passes through the _____ from the brain to the vertebral column.

A

Foramen Magnum

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6
Q

Average number of bones in the adult human body.

A

206

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7
Q

Average number of bones in an infants body

A

over 400

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8
Q

Longest and heaviest bone in the human body

A

Femer

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9
Q

the ordering of organisms into categories, such as orders, families, and genera, to show evolutionary relationships.

A

Classification

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10
Q

The phylum of the animal kingdom that includes vertebrates.

A

Chordata

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11
Q

Similarities between organisms based strictly on common function, with no assumed common evolutionary descent.

A

analogies

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12
Q

similarities between organisms based on decent from a common ancestor.

A

Homologies

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13
Q

Continental drift

A

Pangea during Paleozoic
North Half - Laurasia, South Half Gondwanaland. During Mesozoic
North America, South America, Antarctica, Australia, Madagascar, India, Africa, Eurasia

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14
Q

A type (subclass) of mammal. During the Cenozoic, placentals become the most widespread and numerous mammals and today are represented by upward of 20 orders, including the primates.

A

Placental

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15
Q

Egg-laying mammals

A

Monotremes

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16
Q

Pouched mammas

A

Marsupials

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17
Q

The relatively rapid expansion and diversification of life-forms into new ecological niches.

A

adaptive radiation

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18
Q

All primates see in color

A

and have a longer life spans

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19
Q

An organism’s entire way of life: where it lives, what it eats, how it gets food, how it avoids predators, and so on.

A

Adaptive Niche

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20
Q

Lemurs

A

The only primates, only found on Madagascar and adjacent islands of the east cost of Africa. Approximately 60 species.
Range in sizes from 5 inches to 2-3 feet
Big ones are diurnal and eat leaves, fruits, buds, bark and shoots
Small ones are nocturnal and are insectivorous
Mostly arboreal, some like ringtail are terrestrial.
Some live in groups from 10-25 of both sexes and ages, families or solitary.

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21
Q

Tarsiers

A

Five species only on the islands of South Asia.
Habitat range from tropical forest to backyard gardens.
Nocturnal insectivores live on lower branches.
Mated Pair and offspring
More closely related to lemurs and lorises.
Large immobile eyes
rotate head 180 degrees

22
Q

New World Monkeys

A

70 species in wide
range of environments from South Mexico to Central and south America
Range in size, diet and adaptations.
12 ounces to 20 lbs
Most are arboreal one is diurnal
Two species have claws and give birth to twins.
Social groups with either mated pair or two males and one females with offspring.
Marmosets and tamarins males extensively involved in infant care.
Fruits, leaves and insects
Most quadrupedal few semibrachiators
prehensile tails

23
Q

Old World Monkeys

A

Most widely distributed
Sub-Saharra Africa and southern Asia from tropical jungles to semiarid desert and snow-covered areas in north Japan
taxonomic family Cerocpithecidae
subfamilies cercopithecines and colobines
Most are arboreal some spend a lot of time on land but go to trees at night
Hardened skin on buttocks called ischial callosities
Cercopithecine more omnivorous
Colobine leaf eaters, small groups
Sexual dimorphism

24
Q

Strepsirhini

A

The primate suborder that includes lemurs and lorises

25
Q

Haplorhini

A

the primate suborder that includes tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans.

26
Q

Hominoids

A

Members of the primate superfamily (Hominoidea) that includes apes and humans

27
Q

Sexual dimorphism

A

Differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species.

28
Q

Estrus

A

Period of sexual receptivity in nonhuman female mammals correlated with ovulation.

29
Q

4 groups of Apes

A

Gorillas, chimpanzees, Gibbons, Orangoutangs

30
Q

Which ape is solitary

A

Orangutan

31
Q

Which ape lives in a harem

A

Gorilla

32
Q

Adaptive niche

A

An organism’s entire way of life: where it lives, what it eats, how it gets food, how it avoids predators, and so on.

33
Q

Dominance

A

systems of social organization wherein individuals within a group are ranked relative to on another. Higher-ranking animals have greater access to preferred food items and mating partners than lower-ranking individuals. Dominance hierarchies are sometimes called “pecking orders.”

34
Q

Grooming

A

Picking through fur to remove dirt, parasites, and other materials that may be present. social grooming is common among primates and reinforces social relationships. (indicate submission or reassurance)

35
Q

K-selected

A

An adaptive strategy whereby individuals produce relatively few offspring, in care. Although only a few infants are born only a few infants re born, chances of survival are increased for each one because of parental investments in time and energy.

36
Q

R-selective

A

A reproductive strategy that emphasizes relatively large number of offspring and reduced parental care compared to K-selected species.

37
Q

Were early Hominoids found in America.

A

No

38
Q

Hominins

A

Colloquial term for member of the evolutionary group that includes modern humans and now-extinct bipedal relatives.

39
Q

Adaptation of Homenin bipedalism

A

Still a mystery, perhaps natural selection, Hands for caring, making and using tools, wider view of surrounding, efficient means of covering long distances, and hunting large game

40
Q

How old is the oldest tools.

A

2.6 MYA

41
Q

What type of dating is not useful over 5.75 MY?

A

Carbon-14 dating

42
Q

What is Paleomagnetism?

A

is based on the shifting nature of the earth’s geomagnetic pole.

43
Q

K Ar

A

Potassium-40 Argon-40 1.25 Billion years

44
Q

Lucy’s species

A

Australopithecus afarensis

45
Q

Genus that left Africa

A

Homo (erectus)

46
Q

Cranial capacity of Homo Erectus

A

700-1250cc

47
Q

Average cranial capacity of Homo Habilis

A

631cc

48
Q

Recent date in Java

A

100k ya

49
Q

took industry

A

Chopper Chomping tool- oldowan

Hand Ax- acheulean

50
Q

Homo erectus

A

No evidence of controlling fire but evidence of butchering

51
Q

do tool traditions overlap

A

yes

Physical Anthropology Review (2 decks)

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