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Geog 103 > Test two > Flashcards

Test two Flashcards

1
Q

Mount Pelee

A

Proclastic flows into St. Pierre, so fast it skipped across the ocean and into the harbor.

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2
Q

Krakatoa

A

Composite volcano, sound of explosion could be heard over 3,100 miles. over 36,000 died mostly by tsunami

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3
Q

Nevado Del Ruiz

A

Lahar killed over 20,000 people - 1985

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4
Q

Mount Rainier

A

People are living in Lahar pathways, lava flows, and pyroclastic flows. Stratovolcano with viscous lava

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5
Q

Tambora, Indonesia

A

was 13,000 ft tall, after explosion 8,700 ft tall. 4 mile wide caldera, 10,000 died from pyroclastic flow, 17,000 through disease and famine. Year without a summer.

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6
Q

Lake Nyos

A

accumulated and released immense voumes of carbon dioxide. Gas is now slowly vented out. Killed 3,000 cattle and many people

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7
Q

Yellowstone

A

Is a huge caldera. Mantle plume located below North American plate (NW Wyoming)

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8
Q

Vesuvius

A

a deadly combo

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9
Q

Mauna Loa

A

Largest shield volcano in the world

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10
Q

Pillow Basalt

A

bulbous or pillow shaped blobs from lava cooling underwater

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11
Q

define pyroclastic material

A

Molten and solid materials ejected upward and outward

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12
Q

Temperature of basaltic lava is?

A

hot! higher than all others

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13
Q

SiO4 content

A

pyramid shaped molecules, form crystals as magma cools. Lots of crystals with cooler temperature magma.

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14
Q

Viscosity is affected by…

A

Temperature, SiO4 content, volatiles

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15
Q

low gas content, low viscosity produces?

A

lava flows

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16
Q

high gas content, low viscosity produces?

A

lava fountains

17
Q

Low gas content, high viscosity produces

A

very slow flow

18
Q

high gas, high viscosity

A

Explosive!

19
Q

Classify volcanoes based on…

A

shape and composition, relative activity, eruptive sytle

20
Q

what is a shield volcano?

A

a broad, gently sloping volcanic mountain composed of basaltic lava flows

21
Q

what is a cinder cone?

A

a small, very steep sloping volcano made up of pyroclastic material.

22
Q

what is a composite volcano?

A

a large, steep, cone-shaped volcanic mountain composed of alternating layers of lava flows and pyroclastic material

23
Q

what is a lava dome?

A

a small, dome or irregular shaped volcano composed of thick, viscous rhyolitic magma and lava

24
Q

what is a flood basalt?

A

a vast accumulation of layers of basalt which may cover thousands of square miles. found at mid-ocean spreading centers or on continents as fissures.

25
Q

what is an active volcano?

A

volcano is erupting, or is expected to soon.

26
Q

What is a dormant volcano?

A

not presently active, but it has erupted during recorded history. still attached to a source of magma

27
Q

what is an extinct volcano?

A

not erupting, is no longer connected to a source of magma

28
Q

divergent boundaries have…

A

low SiO4 content, low gas, low viscosity, basaltic magma from mantle

29
Q

oceanic-continental convergent boundaries can produce…

A

continental volcanic arcs with plug domes or composite volcanoes

30
Q

oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries can produce

A

composite volcanoes

31
Q

define a hot spot

A

an area of volcanic activity above a mantle plume

32
Q

define a mantle plume

A

a column of very hot magma that rises from the lower portions of the mantle

33
Q

Vestmannaeyjar harbor, iceland

A

lava flowing from ocean, could block harbor. used fire dept. equipment to cool rock and make a levy

34
Q

define a lahar

A

a flood of ash, mud, and water that flows down the side of a volcano. Created by melting snow and ice from the warming of a volcano

35
Q

define a jokulhaup

A

a flood of water caused by volcanic activity under glacial ice

36
Q

define a caldera

A

a large, basic-shaped depression created when a volcano explodes or collapses.

37
Q

define a tsunami

A

a very long-wavelength ocean wave caused by oceanic disturbances (earthquakes, volcanoes)

Geog 103 (2 decks)

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