test tube Flashcards
tube color order
blood culture (broth)
discard tube (clear or red)
light blue top (sodium citrate)
red top (clot activator if plastic)
gold/marble/tiger(silica/gel)
light green top (lithium heparin/gel)
dark green top (sodium heparin)
pink top (potassium EDTA)
lavender top (EDTA)
gray top(sodiumflouride/potassium oxalate)
dark blue(as called for in draw order )
blood culture (broth) testing
microbiology
aerobic(with oxygen)
anaerobic(without oxygen)
order in sets of 2X2
put under the isolation hood in lab
light blue tube
yields:plasma
ratio 9:1 9 blood 1 additive
inverted 3-4 times
prothrombin time (pt)
evaluates the extrinsic system of the coagulation cascade. therapeutic drug monitoring requires prothrombin
time to be drawn when the patient is on a Coumadin regime
partial thromboplastin Time (PTT)
evaluates the intrinsic cysytem of the coagulation cascade. therapeutic drug monitoring requires partial thromboplastin time to be drawn when patient is on a heparin regimen
activated partial thromboplastin(aPTT)
evaluates how long it takes the patients blood to form a clot
aPTT): an activator that speeds up the clotting time
red top tube
additive:none -glass
clot activator in plastic
frequently used as a discard tube
lab: chemistry
no need to invert
Alcohol (ethanol or ETOH) levels can also be drawn in a red top tube when testing serum
plain vacuum tube blood will clot naturally with in 30-60 min
*with clotting factors left in yhr blood this. tube can be used for a serum pregnancy test .
tiger top , marble topped gray speckled top, gold top tube
additive :silica(clot activator) and thixotropic gel(serum separator )
yields: serum
lab: chemistry
referred as the SST (serum separation tube)
inverted 8 times
a C-reactive protein test can be drawn in a serum separator tube
common test : pregnancy test
basic metabolic panel(BMP) tets: metoblosim, kidney ,electrolytes ,fluid balance
complete/comprehensive metabolic panel/ profile:
chemicals in the body, kidney function and also information on liver function and performance
lipids and cholesterol : test is performed to identify possible circulatory health issues
light (lithium) green top tube (also known as PST)
additive :lithium heparin and anticoagulant, and thixotropic gel a plasma separator
yields: plasma
lab :chemistry
inverted 8 times
common test : STAT electrolytes : for diagnosing renal and endocrine conditions. low electrolytes levels are associated with irregular heart beat and tachycardia (rapid heartbeat ) high levels are associated with hear failure.
hCG: plasma pregnancy test
hCG qualitative: the test determines if hCG is present in yhr bloodstream qualitative can also be determined in using a urine sample
hCG quantitive: the test measures how much hCG is present in the bloodstream.
dark green test tube
additive: sodium heparin an anticoagulant
yield: plasma
lab: chemistry
does not have gel additive
inverted:
8 times
common test:
ammonia -a high volume of ammonia in the blood indicates that the liver is not functioning
ammonia test must be put in ICE
pink top tube -P in (K2)
additive : potassium EDTA
YEILDS: PLASMA
lab :blood bank
the blood sample must be filled 2/3 or more full .
blood banks use this tube for molecular diagnostic
and testing in viral loads
inverted: 8 times
common test:
type and screen ratio (TSR): this test provides basic understanding of patients blood type
* A+/- B+/- AB+- or o+-
cross match : required before blood transfusion used to determine if donor blood is compatible with the recipient .
lavender or light/ dark purple top tube
additive : EDTA
yields:plasma
lab: hematology
this tube is used to collect a specimen for complete blood count (CBC)
must be filled 2/3 full
inverted 8 times
c reactive protein can be in a lavender top tube if plasma is required for the test .
GRAY TOP TUBE
OGTT ( oral clucose tolerance tube )
(old gray top tube )
additive: sodium fluoride and antiglycolytic agent (glucose preservative) and potassium oxalate and anticoagulant
yields:plasma
lab: chemistry
tets glucose levels
potassium oxalate test invert 8 times
some glucose test require serum in that case use an SST tube
common test:
oral glucose tolerance test: evaluate blood sugar
*3 hour OGTT is use to test hypoglycemia (high blood sugar level) and diagnosed diabetes
*5 hour test is used to assess hypoglycemia (abnormally low blood sugar levels) metabolism carbohydrates disorder
when drawing times glucose test a baseline sample must be taken
baseline sample 1 hour sample 2 hr and final 3 hr draw
lactic acid : test should be done with out tourniquet or else acid can increase times 100
lactic acid sample must be place on ice
alcohol ETOH oe ethanol levels: when drawing an alcohol sample do Not clean site with alcohol may cause a false positive .
royal blue
additive:none (red stripe )EDtA (blue/lavander stripe)
yields:serum (red strip)/ plasma blue/lavender strip)
lab: toxicology
red stripe drawn after the light blue tube
blue/lavendar stripe drawn after the lavender/purple top tubes.
inverted 8 times:
common test:
lead poisoning
heavy metal toxicology
a tourniquet should not be left on for longer than?
1 minute
what degrees do you insert needles on hand?
0 to 3 degrees
what degrees do you angle using butterfly on hand?
5 degrees
most common needle size for venipuncture?
21 gauge
what size needles are not reccommended for drawing blood ?
smaller than 23 gauge
what size gauge needle is used for donor units of blood?
18 gauge
which are the 3 prominent viens
basilic vein ,median vine and cephalic vein
what degree angle do you insert when drawn blood from the forearm elbow area?
15 degrees tp 30 degrees
how many inches above draw site should you tie tourniquet ?
3” to 4” above draw site
heel punctures for babies
infants should not exceed 2.0 mm for infants and 0.85mm for preemies
areas recommended for heel stick on foot
medial and lateral portions of the planter surfaces of the foot
proper way to collect bilirubin specimens ?
minimize exposure to light blood should be collected in amber colored tube. or standard clear if using clear tube immediately label and wrap in foil or place in a dark bag
capillary draw order
E.H.A.S
1.EDTA-purple/pink
2.Heparin-green
3.Any other additive
4.Serum- red/gold/tiger/marble
when does a PKU need to be done on an infant?
within the first 72 hours of being born
