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Areas in the Hospital PMLS Lab > Test Tube > Flashcards

Test Tube Flashcards

1
Q

Green Top Additives 1,2

A

▪ Sodium heparin
▪ Lithium heparin

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2
Q

LABORATORY USES:
lithium level

A

use sodium heparin

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3
Q

LABORATORY USES:
ammonia level

A

use sodium/lithium
heparin

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4
Q

LABORATORY USES of Green top

A

▪lithium level (use sodium heparin)
▪ ammonia level (use sodium/lithium
heparin)
▪ Blood gas analysis to check
oxygenation level and blood pH

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5
Q

NUMBER OF INVERSIONS of Green top

A

8 to 10x inversions

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6
Q

Green top will have _______ background when stained with Wright Stain

A

Bluish

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7
Q

Light Green Top Additive

A

Gel and Lithium Heparin

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8
Q

LABORATORY USE/s of Light Green Top

A

Plasma chemistries

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9
Q

MODE OF ACTION:

A

Plasma is separated with gel at
the bottom of the tube and
lithium heparin inhibits
coagulation

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10
Q

NUMBER OF INVERSIONS of Light Green Top

A

8 to 10 X inversions

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11
Q

Prevents coagulation by
precipitating calcium

A

Citrate

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12
Q

Inactivates thrombin by accelerating anti-thrombin III and prevent
formation of fibrin clot

A

Heparin

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13
Q

Forms calcium salts, in a non-ionized form or
soluble complex

A

Citrate

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14
Q

Traps/ binds (chelation) calcium preventing coagulation or
participation in coagulation cascade

A

EDTA

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15
Q

Form a weakly dissociated Ca++ component

A

Oxalate

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16
Q

light blue TOP additives

A

Buffered sodium citrate (BD)
▪ 0.105 M (≈3.2%) glass
▪ 0.109 M (3.2%) plastic

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17
Q

LABORATORY USES of Light Blue Top

A

▪ Coagulation tests (PT and PTT)

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18
Q

PT and PTT means

A

Prothrombin time
Partial Thromboplastin time

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19
Q

NUMBER OF
INVERSIONS: light blue top

A

3 – 4 X inversions

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20
Q

Black Top Additive

A

Same as Light Blue Top
Buffered sodium citrate (BD)
▪ 0.105 M (≈3.2%) glass
▪ 0.109 M (3.2%) plastic

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21
Q

LABORATORY USES of Black Top

A

▪ Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate
▪ Uses 4:1 ratio of blood to anticoagulant

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22
Q

NUMBER OF INVERSIONS of Black Top

A

3 – 4 X inversions

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23
Q

Clear with light blue Stopper Additives

A

▪ Citrate
▪ Theophylline
▪ Adenosine
▪ Dipyridamole

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24
Q

LABORATORY USES of Clear With Light blue stopper

A

▪ Selected platelet function assays
▪ Routine coagulation determination

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25
Number of Inversions of Clear with Light Blue Stopper
3 – 4 X inversions
26
Prevents coagulation by binding or chelating calcium
EDTA
27
EDTA means
Ethylenediamineactetic Acid
28
Additives of Lavender Top
▪ Spray-dried dipotassium EDTA (plastic) ▪ Liquid tripotassium EDTA (glass)
29
LABORATORY USES: EDTA
▪ Hematology (CBC) ▪ Blood bank (Crossmatching)
30
NUMBER OF INVERSIONS: EDTA
8 – 10 X inversions
31
SOURCES of Lavender Top
▪ Disodium salt of EDTA (powder) : Versene or versenate ▪ Dipotassium salt of EDTA (liquid) : Sequestrene
32
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS of Lavender Top
▪ Blood smear should be performed not more than 4 hours as it may cause red cell shrinkage/crenation
33
Pink Top Additive
▪ Spray-coated/ dried dipotassium K2 EDTA (plastic)
34
Number of Inversions of Lavender Top
8-10x inversions
35
Laboratory Uses of Pink Top
▪ Whole blood hematology determinations ▪ Molecular diagnostics ▪ Blood bank (crossmatching)
36
White Top or Pearl Top Additive
▪ Dipotassium EDTA and gel for plasma separation
37
NUMBER OF INVERSIONS of White Top or Pearl Top
▪ 8 – 10x inversions
38
LABORATORY USES of White Top or Pearl Top
▪ Helpful in working with HIV positive patients ▪ Molecular diagnostic tests such as PCR and DNA amplification techniques
39
Tan Top additive
Dipotassium EDTA (plastic)
40
NUMBER OF INVERSIONS of Tan Top
▪ 8 – 10x inversions
41
LABORATORY USES of Tan Top
Lead determinations (tube contains less than 0.1ug/mL of lead)
42
Prevents coagulation by precipitating calcium
OXALATE
43
Substance that prevents glycolysis
Antiglycolytic Agents
44
If glycolysis is not prevented, glucose concentration in a blood specimen decreases at a rate of _____ mg/dL per hour
decreases at a rate of 10 mg/dL per hour
45
Most common antiglycolytic agent
Sodium Fluoride
46
Preserves glucose up to 3 days
SODIUM FLUORIDE
47
Inversions of Sodium Fluoride
5 – 10 inversions
48
True or False Sodium Fluoride also inhibits growth of bacteria
True
49
Gray Top additives
▪ Sodium fluoride/ Potassium oxalate ▪ Sodium fluoride/ Sodium EDTA ▪ Sodium fluoride
50
LABORATORY USE of Gray Top
Glucose measurements
51
MODE OF ACTION of Gray Top
▪ Potassium oxalate or Sodium EDTA (anticoagulant) ▪ Sodium fluoride (antiglycolytic agent and not an anticoagulant which preserves glucose up to 3 days)
52
Yellow Top Tube Additive
▪ Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) - Stabilize bacterial growth - Complement inactivation ▪ Acid citrate dextrose (ACD) - For RBC preservation
53
What are the Yellow Tube Additives
▪ Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) ▪ Acid citrate dextrose (ACD)
54
LABORATORY USES: yellow top
▪ SPS: Blood culture (microbiology) ▪ ACD - Human leukocyte antigen tissue typing - Paternity testing - DNA studies
55
Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD) usage
CPD is used in collecting units of blood for transfusion.
56
Citrate prevents clotting by ______
Chelating Calcium
57
Phosphate stabilizes ______
pH
58
Dextrose provides ___ with energy and helps them alive
Cells
59
Royal Blue Top Additives
▪ Dipotassium EDTA (plastic) ▪ Clot activator (plastic)
60
MODE OF ACTION of Royal Blue Top
▪ Designed to contain NO contaminating metals ▪ Special stopper formulation provides low levels of trace elements
61
Number of Inversions of Royal Blue Top
8 Inversions
62
Substance that enhances coagulation in tubes used to collect serum samples
Clot Activator
63
Clot activators include substances that provide more surface for platelet activation, such as:
× glass particles – 15 to 30 min × Siliceous substances (e.g. Silica, Kaolin, Bentonite) × inert clays like Celite
64
Serum Tubes clotting minute Gel Separator - Clot Activator - Without GS/CA -
× Gel separator = clotting in 30 min × Clot activator =clotting approximately in 5 min × Without GS/CA = complete clotting in 60 min
65
Inert (nonreacting) synthetic substance initially contained in or near the bottom of certain blood collection tubes
Thixotropic gel separator
66
True or False The density of the gel is between that of the cells and the serum or plasma
True
67
Separation prevents cells from continuing to metabolize substances such as glucose in the serum or plasma What type of Tube?
Thixotropic Gel Separator
68
Using Thixotropic Gel: T or F Centrifuge immediately after drawing the blood.
False
69
Using Thixotropic Gel: T or F Allow the tube to clot for 20-30 minutes in a horizontal position.
False - (VERTICAL)
70
Using Thixotropic Gel: T or F Allow the blood to clot with the tube in a horizontal position.
False - VERTICAL
71
Using Thixotropic Gel: T or F Do not allow the tube to stand more than one hour before centrifuging
True
72
How many minutes should Thixotropic gel separator tube to be centrifuged?
10-15 min
73
Red Top Additives
× None (glass); × Clot Activator (plastic)
74
MODE OF ACTION for Red Top
× Blood clots and the serum is separated by centrifugation
75
Uses of Red top
× Serum Chemistries ×Immunology and Serology × Blood Bank (Crossmatch)
76
×Number of Inversions of Red Top
× Glass - no inversion ×Plastic - 5 inversions
77
Gold Top Additives
Gel and Clot Activator
78
Mode of Action Gold Top
Serum separator tube (SST) contains a GEL at the bottom to separate blood from serum during centrifugation
79
Uses of Gold Top
Serum Chemistries
80
Number of Inversions of Gold TOP
5 inversions
81
Additives of Orange Top
Thrombin-based clot activator with gel for serum separation
82
Mode of Action of Orange Top
Activates fibrinogen to fibrin
83
Uses of Orange Top
STAT serum chemistries
84
Number of Inversions Orange Top
5 – 6X inversions
85
Discard Tube
Clear Top with red/light gray stopper
86
Additive of clear top with red/light gray stopper
None (plastic)
87
Uses of clear top tube
As a discard tube or secondary specimen tube

Areas in the Hospital PMLS Lab (4 decks)

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