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Areas in the Hospital PMLS Lab > Test Tube > Flashcards

Test Tube Flashcards

1
Q

Green Top Additives 1,2

A

▪ Sodium heparin
▪ Lithium heparin

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2
Q

LABORATORY USES:
lithium level

A

use sodium heparin

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3
Q

LABORATORY USES:
ammonia level

A

use sodium/lithium
heparin

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4
Q

LABORATORY USES of Green top

A

▪lithium level (use sodium heparin)
▪ ammonia level (use sodium/lithium
heparin)
▪ Blood gas analysis to check
oxygenation level and blood pH

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5
Q

NUMBER OF INVERSIONS of Green top

A

8 to 10x inversions

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6
Q

Green top will have _______ background when stained with Wright Stain

A

Bluish

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7
Q

Light Green Top Additive

A

Gel and Lithium Heparin

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8
Q

LABORATORY USE/s of Light Green Top

A

Plasma chemistries

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9
Q

MODE OF ACTION:

A

Plasma is separated with gel at
the bottom of the tube and
lithium heparin inhibits
coagulation

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10
Q

NUMBER OF INVERSIONS of Light Green Top

A

8 to 10 X inversions

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11
Q

Prevents coagulation by
precipitating calcium

A

Citrate

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12
Q

Inactivates thrombin by accelerating anti-thrombin III and prevent
formation of fibrin clot

A

Heparin

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13
Q

Forms calcium salts, in a non-ionized form or
soluble complex

A

Citrate

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14
Q

Traps/ binds (chelation) calcium preventing coagulation or
participation in coagulation cascade

A

EDTA

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15
Q

Form a weakly dissociated Ca++ component

A

Oxalate

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16
Q

light blue TOP additives

A

Buffered sodium citrate (BD)
▪ 0.105 M (≈3.2%) glass
▪ 0.109 M (3.2%) plastic

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17
Q

LABORATORY USES of Light Blue Top

A

▪ Coagulation tests (PT and PTT)

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18
Q

PT and PTT means

A

Prothrombin time
Partial Thromboplastin time

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19
Q

NUMBER OF
INVERSIONS: light blue top

A

3 – 4 X inversions

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20
Q

Black Top Additive

A

Same as Light Blue Top
Buffered sodium citrate (BD)
▪ 0.105 M (≈3.2%) glass
▪ 0.109 M (3.2%) plastic

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21
Q

LABORATORY USES of Black Top

A

▪ Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate
▪ Uses 4:1 ratio of blood to anticoagulant

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22
Q

NUMBER OF INVERSIONS of Black Top

A

3 – 4 X inversions

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23
Q

Clear with light blue Stopper Additives

A

▪ Citrate
▪ Theophylline
▪ Adenosine
▪ Dipyridamole

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24
Q

LABORATORY USES of Clear With Light blue stopper

A

▪ Selected platelet function assays
▪ Routine coagulation determination

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25
Q

Number of Inversions of Clear with Light Blue Stopper

A

3 – 4 X inversions

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26
Q

Prevents coagulation by binding or
chelating calcium

A

EDTA

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27
Q

EDTA means

A

Ethylenediamineactetic Acid

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28
Q

Additives of Lavender Top

A

▪ Spray-dried dipotassium EDTA
(plastic)
▪ Liquid tripotassium EDTA (glass)

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29
Q

LABORATORY USES: EDTA

A

▪ Hematology (CBC)
▪ Blood bank (Crossmatching)

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30
Q

NUMBER OF INVERSIONS: EDTA

A

8 – 10 X inversions

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31
Q

SOURCES of Lavender Top

A

▪ Disodium salt of EDTA (powder) : Versene or versenate
▪ Dipotassium salt of EDTA (liquid) : Sequestrene

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32
Q

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS of Lavender Top

A

▪ Blood smear should be performed not more than 4 hours as it may cause red cell
shrinkage/crenation

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33
Q

Pink Top Additive

A

▪ Spray-coated/ dried dipotassium K2 EDTA
(plastic)

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34
Q

Number of Inversions of Lavender Top

A

8-10x inversions

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35
Q

Laboratory Uses of Pink Top

A

▪ Whole blood hematology
determinations
▪ Molecular diagnostics
▪ Blood bank (crossmatching)

36
Q

White Top or Pearl Top Additive

A

▪ Dipotassium EDTA and gel for plasma separation

37
Q

NUMBER OF INVERSIONS of White Top or Pearl Top

A

▪ 8 – 10x inversions

38
Q

LABORATORY USES of White Top or Pearl Top

A

▪ Helpful in working with HIV positive patients
▪ Molecular diagnostic tests such as PCR and DNA amplification techniques

39
Q

Tan Top additive

A

Dipotassium EDTA (plastic)

40
Q

NUMBER OF INVERSIONS of Tan Top

A

▪ 8 – 10x inversions

41
Q

LABORATORY USES of Tan Top

A

Lead determinations (tube contains less than 0.1ug/mL of lead)

42
Q

Prevents coagulation by
precipitating calcium

A

OXALATE

43
Q

Substance that prevents glycolysis

A

Antiglycolytic Agents

44
Q

If glycolysis is not prevented, glucose concentration in a blood specimen decreases at a rate of _____ mg/dL per hour

A

decreases at a rate of 10 mg/dL per hour

45
Q

Most common antiglycolytic agent

A

Sodium Fluoride

46
Q

Preserves glucose up to 3 days

A

SODIUM FLUORIDE

47
Q

Inversions of Sodium Fluoride

A

5 – 10 inversions

48
Q

True or False
Sodium Fluoride also inhibits growth of bacteria

A

True

49
Q

Gray Top additives

A

▪ Sodium fluoride/ Potassium oxalate
▪ Sodium fluoride/ Sodium EDTA
▪ Sodium fluoride

50
Q

LABORATORY USE of Gray Top

A

Glucose measurements

51
Q

MODE OF ACTION of Gray Top

A

▪ Potassium oxalate or Sodium EDTA
(anticoagulant)
▪ Sodium fluoride (antiglycolytic agent
and not an anticoagulant which
preserves glucose up to 3 days)

52
Q

Yellow Top Tube Additive

A

▪ Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)
- Stabilize bacterial growth
- Complement inactivation

▪ Acid citrate dextrose (ACD)
- For RBC preservation

53
Q

What are the Yellow Tube Additives

A

▪ Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)
▪ Acid citrate dextrose (ACD)

54
Q

LABORATORY USES: yellow top

A

▪ SPS: Blood culture (microbiology)

▪ ACD
- Human leukocyte antigen tissue
typing
- Paternity testing
- DNA studies

55
Q

Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD) usage

A

CPD is used in collecting units of blood for transfusion.

56
Q

Citrate prevents clotting by ______

A

Chelating Calcium

57
Q

Phosphate stabilizes ______

A

pH

58
Q

Dextrose provides ___ with energy and helps them alive

A

Cells

59
Q

Royal Blue Top Additives

A

▪ Dipotassium EDTA (plastic)
▪ Clot activator (plastic)

60
Q

MODE OF ACTION of Royal Blue Top

A

▪ Designed to contain NO contaminating metals
▪ Special stopper formulation provides low levels of trace elements

61
Q

Number of Inversions of Royal Blue Top

A

8 Inversions

62
Q

Substance that enhances coagulation in tubes used to collect serum samples

A

Clot Activator

63
Q

Clot activators include substances that provide more surface for platelet activation, such as:

A

× glass particles – 15 to 30 min
× Siliceous substances (e.g. Silica, Kaolin, Bentonite)
× inert clays like Celite

64
Q

Serum Tubes clotting minute

Gel Separator -
Clot Activator -
Without GS/CA -

A

× Gel separator = clotting in 30 min
× Clot activator =clotting approximately in 5 min
× Without GS/CA = complete clotting in 60 min

65
Q

Inert (nonreacting) synthetic substance initially contained in or near the bottom of certain blood collection tubes

A

Thixotropic gel separator

66
Q

True or False
The density of the gel is between that of the cells and the serum or plasma

A

True

67
Q

Separation prevents cells from continuing to metabolize substances such as glucose in the serum or plasma

What type of Tube?

A

Thixotropic Gel Separator

68
Q

Using Thixotropic Gel:
T or F

Centrifuge immediately after drawing the blood.

A

False

69
Q

Using Thixotropic Gel:
T or F

Allow the tube to clot for 20-30 minutes in a horizontal position.

A

False - (VERTICAL)

70
Q

Using Thixotropic Gel:
T or F

Allow the blood to clot with the tube in a horizontal position.

A

False - VERTICAL

71
Q

Using Thixotropic Gel:
T or F

Do not allow the tube to stand more than one hour before centrifuging

A

True

72
Q

How many minutes should Thixotropic gel separator tube to be centrifuged?

A

10-15 min

73
Q

Red Top Additives

A

× None (glass);
× Clot Activator (plastic)

74
Q

MODE OF ACTION for Red Top

A

× Blood clots and the serum is
separated by centrifugation

75
Q

Uses of Red top

A

× Serum Chemistries
×Immunology and Serology
× Blood Bank (Crossmatch)

76
Q

×Number of Inversions of Red Top

A

× Glass - no inversion
×Plastic - 5 inversions

77
Q

Gold Top Additives

A

Gel and Clot Activator

78
Q

Mode of Action Gold Top

A

Serum separator tube (SST) contains a GEL at
the bottom to separate blood from serum during centrifugation

79
Q

Uses of Gold Top

A

Serum Chemistries

80
Q

Number of Inversions of Gold TOP

A

5 inversions

81
Q

Additives of Orange Top

A

Thrombin-based clot activator with gel for serum separation

82
Q

Mode of Action of Orange Top

A

Activates fibrinogen to fibrin

83
Q

Uses of Orange Top

A

STAT serum chemistries

84
Q

Number of Inversions Orange Top

A

5 – 6X inversions

85
Q

Discard Tube

A

Clear Top with red/light gray stopper

86
Q

Additive of clear top with red/light gray stopper

A

None (plastic)

87
Q

Uses of clear top tube

A

As a discard tube or secondary specimen tube

Areas in the Hospital PMLS Lab (4 decks)

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