Test Three

Question 1

Golden Ratio

Answer 1

a relationship of parts achieved when the longer part divided by the smaller part is also equal to the whole length divided by the longer part; the golden ratio in art and architecture provides the most harmonious and visually pleasing proportions.

Question 2

Acropolis

Answer 2

“high city” – a hilltop setting such as that reserved for the temple complex in ancient Athens associated with Classical Greece, including several temples to Athena and other sacred sites and structures. The elevated location is associated with greater proximity to the gods who were believed to reside in the celestial realms.

Question 3

arcade

Answer 3

a colonnade with arched spaces between the columns.

Question 4

Hypostyle hall

Answer 4

structure consisting of a “forest of columns” arranged in numerous rows that support a flat roof

Question 5

post and intel

Answer 5

basic architectural means of creating an opening in a wall by placing two vertical members (posts) to either side of the opening and spanning the upper part of the space with a horizontal member.

Question 6

wattle and daub

Answer 6

branches intertwined with twigs and straw, then coated with a substance such as plaster or clay to create a wall.

Question 7

necropolis

Answer 7

a series of buildings or tombs dedicated to the dead

Question 8

Sanctuary

Answer 8

the innermost and holiest space

Question 9

hierarchical arrangment

Answer 9

where the hierarchy or ranking of people or objects is represented by their different sizes, according to their relative importance.

Question 10

amphitheater

Answer 10

a round or oval building with tiers of seats around a central area used for performances and sport events.

Question 11

cantilever

Answer 11

a long beam or other horizontal prop projecting from a wall to support a balcony, stairs, or similar structure.

Question 12

mausoleum

Answer 12

a building containing one or more tombs.

Question 13

rammed earth

Answer 13

dampened earth mixed with sand, gravel, or clay that is compacted into a
temporary frame to create a wall.

Question 14

ziggurat

Answer 14

a man-made mountain, designed to be the platform for a temple, raising it closer to the heavens where the gods were believed to reside.

Question 15

stupa

Answer 15

a domed, hemispherical structure that functions as a Buddhist shrine. The conception is of a burial mound, designed for ritual circumambulation.

Question 16

minarets

Answer 16

a tower, usually tall and slender, associated with a mosque and signifying Islamic presence in a location.

Question 17

colonnade

Answer 17

row of columns supporting a roof or entablature.

Question 18

oculus

Answer 18

“eye”; an opening in an architectural structure, to let in light, located in a ceiling, a dome, or on a wall.

Question 19

iconography

Answer 19

the subject matter and/or symbolism of an artwork, including reference to religious or other narrative meaning.