test: sept 15

Question 1

alliteration

Answer 1

the repetition of the same sound or letters the beginning of consecutive words or syllables

Question 2

allusion

Answer 2

an indirect reference, often to another text or historic event, that the audience is expected to already know

Question 3

analogy

Answer 3

an extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things

Question 4

anaphora

Answer 4

the repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses

Question 5

anecdote

Answer 5

a short account of an interesting event told to illustrate

Question 6

antecedent

Answer 6

the noun to which a pronoun refers

Question 7

antithesis

Answer 7

parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas

Question 8

appositive

Answer 8

a word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun

Question 9

archaic diction

Answer 9

the use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated (old-fashioned) language

Question 10

argument

Answer 10

a statement supported by evidence; it is up for discussion

Question 11

assertion

Answer 11

an emphatic statement; declaration

Question 12

assumption

Answer 12

a belief or statement taken for granted without proof

Question 13

attitude

Answer 13

the speaker’s position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone

Question 14

audience

Answer 14

one’s listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed

Question 15

authority

Answer 15

a reliable, respected source; someone with knowledge

Question 16

bias

Answer 16

prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue

Question 17

cite

Answer 17

identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source

Question 18

claim

Answer 18

an assertion, usually supported by evidence

Question 19

colloquial/ism

Answer 19

an informal or conversational use of language

Question 20

common ground

Answer 20

shared beliefs, values, or positions

Question 21

concession

Answer 21

a reluctant acknowledgment or yielding

Question 22

context

Answer 22

words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning

Question 23

counterargument

Answer 23

a challenge to a position; an opposing argument

Question 24

credible

Answer 24

worthy of belief; trustworthy

Question 25

cumulative sentence

Answer 25

an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases

Question 26

deduction

Answer 26

reasoning from general to specific

Question 27

diction

Answer 27

word choice

Question 28

documentation

Answer 28

bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing

Question 29

elegiac

Answer 29

mournful over what has passed or been lost; often to describe tone

Question 30

hortatory

Answer 30

urging, or strongly encouraging

Question 31

induction

Answer 31

reasoning from specific to general

Question 32

inversion

Answer 32

a sentence in which the verb precedes the subject (speaks this way, yoda does.)

Question 33

juxtaposition

Answer 33

placement of two things side by side for emphasis

Question 34

metonymy

Answer 34

use of a part of something to represent the whole

Question 35

occasion

Answer 35

an aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing; exigence

Question 36

oxymoron

Answer 36

a figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms

Question 37

paradox

Answer 37

a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true

Question 38

parallelism

Answer 38

the repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns

Question 39

parody

Answer 39

a piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule

Question 40

periodic sentence

Answer 40

a sentence that builds toward and ends w the main clause

Question 41

persona

Answer 41

the speaker, voice, or characters assumed by the author if a piece

Question 42

polemic

Answer 42

an argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion

Question 43

pronoun

Answer 43

a word used to replace a noun or noun phrase

Question 44

propaganda

Answer 44

a negative terms for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information

Question 45

purpose

Answer 45

one’s intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing

Question 46

refute

Answer 46

to discredit an argument, particularly counter argument

Question 47

rhetoric

Answer 47

the study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, the use of “the available means of persuasion”

Question 48

rhetorical modes

Answer 48

patterns of organizations developed to achieve a specific purpose; mode include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation

Question 49

rhetorical question

Answer 49

a question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer

Question 50

satire

Answer 50

an ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it
parody

Question 51

syntax

Answer 51

sentence structure

Question 52

synthesize

Answer 52

combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex

Question 53

tone

Answer 53

the speaker’s attitude toward the subject or audience

Question 54

understatement

Answer 54

lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for effect

Question 55

voice

Answer 55

a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing