test: sept 15 Flashcards
alliteration
the repetition of the same sound or letters the beginning of consecutive words or syllables
allusion
an indirect reference, often to another text or historic event, that the audience is expected to already know
analogy
an extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things
anaphora
the repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses
anecdote
a short account of an interesting event told to illustrate
antecedent
the noun to which a pronoun refers
antithesis
parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas
appositive
a word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun
archaic diction
the use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated (old-fashioned) language
argument
a statement supported by evidence; it is up for discussion
assertion
an emphatic statement; declaration
assumption
a belief or statement taken for granted without proof
attitude
the speaker’s position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone
audience
one’s listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed
authority
a reliable, respected source; someone with knowledge
bias
prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue
cite
identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source
claim
an assertion, usually supported by evidence
colloquial/ism
an informal or conversational use of language
common ground
shared beliefs, values, or positions
concession
a reluctant acknowledgment or yielding
context
words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning
counterargument
a challenge to a position; an opposing argument
credible
worthy of belief; trustworthy
cumulative sentence
an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases
deduction
reasoning from general to specific
diction
word choice
documentation
bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing
elegiac
mournful over what has passed or been lost; often to describe tone
hortatory
urging, or strongly encouraging
induction
reasoning from specific to general
inversion
a sentence in which the verb precedes the subject (speaks this way, yoda does.)
juxtaposition
placement of two things side by side for emphasis
metonymy
use of a part of something to represent the whole
occasion
an aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing; exigence
oxymoron
a figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms
paradox
a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true
parallelism
the repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns
parody
a piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule
periodic sentence
a sentence that builds toward and ends w the main clause
persona
the speaker, voice, or characters assumed by the author if a piece
polemic
an argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion
pronoun
a word used to replace a noun or noun phrase
propaganda
a negative terms for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information
purpose
one’s intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing
refute
to discredit an argument, particularly counter argument
rhetoric
the study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, the use of “the available means of persuasion”
rhetorical modes
patterns of organizations developed to achieve a specific purpose; mode include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation
rhetorical question
a question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer
satire
an ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it
parody
syntax
sentence structure
synthesize
combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex
tone
the speaker’s attitude toward the subject or audience
understatement
lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for effect
voice
a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing
