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visit 4 > test room > Flashcards

test room Flashcards

1
Q

store accessibility for disabled patients

A
  • no stairs
  • all test rooms etc on one floor
  • both stores have at least one long form room with a movable chair
  • disabled toilet access
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2
Q

how to adapt clinical routine for disabled px

A
  • longer test time may be required (consider 2 appts)
  • remove any obstacles
  • face px (talk slowly + clearly)
  • use letter matching/ Kays pictures/ single letter optotype
  • direct ophthalmoscopy
  • bracketing (refract in larger steps)
  • Perkins
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3
Q

hand magnifier instructions

A
  • lay magnifier on page + slowly pull away from page until image clear
  • use distance rx (near rx only for short magnifier-eye distance)
  • larger FOV holding magnifier closer to eye
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4
Q

hand magnifier advantages

A
  • low cost
  • compact, lightweight, portable
  • can have long eye to magnifier distance
  • used with DV rx because emergent light is parallel
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5
Q

hand magnifier disadvantages

A
  • difficult for px with arthritis etc
  • increased distortions as lens held further from the eye
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6
Q

stand magnifier advantages

A
  • incorporated illumination
  • good for px with hand tremors
  • small and portable
  • relatively inexpensive
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7
Q

stand magnifier disadvantages

A
  • can be bulky
  • limited field of view
  • posture + fatigue problems
  • wear SVN
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8
Q

bar/ flat field magnifiers advantages

A
  • normal reading posture possible
  • very bright - light gathering
  • useful for px with hand tremor
  • clear image across whole lens (minimal aberrations)
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9
Q

bar/ flat field magnifiers disadvantages

A
  • large lenses (heavy)
  • low magnification
  • reading material must be flat + on firm surface
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10
Q

CCTV

A

closed circuit television

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11
Q

EVES

A

electronic vision enhancement systems

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12
Q

what is CCTV?

A
  • example of real image (electronic) magnification of retinal image
  • good for px with central loss as allows to train for eccentric viewing and to adopt steady eye strategy (eye still + material/ target moves)
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13
Q

CCTV advantages

A
  • aberration free
  • max mag up to 70x
  • zoom control
  • electronic contrast reversal
  • binocular viewing
  • normal viewing distance/ posture
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14
Q

CCTV disadvantages

A
  • cost (to buy or service/ repair)
  • size
  • practice required to use
  • depth of field
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15
Q

disability and equality act 2010

A

person cannot be discriminated against because:
- they have a disability
- someone thinks they have a disability (discrimination by perception)
- they are connected to someone with a disability

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16
Q

low vision leaflet

A

issued by optometrist

self referral form to eye clinic for assessment and determination of eligibility for RVI

17
Q

RVI form

A
  • registration of VI px
  • voluntary and confidential
  • referral to eye clinic by optom/GP
18
Q

CVI

A

officially certified px as sight impaired or severely sight impaired

ophthalmologist examines eye health and vision to determine whether px is eligible for certification

19
Q

benefits for CVI

A
  • free bus/ rail travel
  • assessment by social services
  • UC/ pension credit/ tax credit
  • council tax reduction

if SSI
- blue badge, 50% off TV license, blind person tax allowance

20
Q

ECLOs

A

eye care liaison officers - run low vision clinics

21
Q

sight impaired criteria

A

VA 3/60 - 6/60 with full VF

VA up to 6/24 with mod VF reduction or central part of vision cloudy/blurry

VA 6/18 or better if large VF reduction (whole half of vision/ peripheral)

22
Q

severely sight impaired criteria

A

VA less than 3/60 with full VF

VA between 3/60 - 6/60 with severe VF reduction (e.g., tunnel vision)

VA 6/60 or less with very reduced VF (especially if missing in lower part)

23
Q

acuity reserve

A

1:1 for spot reading, 2:1 for fluent reading

spot reading = min mag required

fluent requires higher mag so less strain for px

24
Q

typoscopes

A

matt black card with window cut in width of a line

if px has had stroke and lost RHS VF reading is difficult as eye scanning into nothing

25
Q

galilean vs astronomical

A

galilean lighter + shorter with small field of view of poor quality (low cost)

astronomical heavier + longer with larger field of view of better quality inverted image (high cost)

26
Q

disability glare

A

impairs visual performance due to intraocular light scatter or straylight

can reduce retinal image contrast

caused by cataract, keratoconus, PCO, corneal oedema

27
Q

discomfort glare

A

subjective visual discomfort but no effect on VA

usually relieved by tints

uveitis, ocular albinism, cone-rod dystrophy, retinitis pigmentosa

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