Test review matching

Question 1

Animism

Answer 1

The belief that plants, animals, natural phenomena, and inanimate objects have souls

Question 2

Polytheism

Answer 2

A belief in the existence of many gods which are generally responsible for different parts of creation.

Question 3

Deism

Answer 3

A theory that states that a supreme being created the universe but does not involve itself in it.

Question 4

Atheism

Answer 4

A belief in the non-existence of a God or gods

Question 5

Nihilism

Answer 5

A theory that life is meaningless and human attempts to find meaning are pointless; moral truths do not exist.

Question 6

Theism

Answer 6

A belief in the existence of one God, Creator

Question 7

Theodicy

Answer 7

The concept that the existence of God does not exclude the existence of evil and suffering

Question 8

Pantheism

Answer 8

The belief that the universe is divine. AKA the universe itself is a god-like figure.

Question 9

Existentialism

Answer 9

The theory that the individual is responsible to create oneself through free will and action

Question 10

Anselm of Canterbury

Answer 10

Italian Benedictine monk/philosopher/theologian (11th century) argued that God is greater than what anyone can imagine; however, people can imagine God and thus understand God in this world. Anything humans can imagine is going to be better if it is real and nothing is greater than God thus God exists in both the world and in reason.

Question 11

Baruch Spinoza

Answer 11

a Portuguese-Jewish Enlightenment philosopher (1600s) in the Netherlands who questioned Mosaic authorship of the Torah, denied the immortality of the soul, the concept of a God who cared and was in human history, and the authority of the law (commandments) upon Jewish life.

Question 12

Thomas Aquinas

Answer 12

Italian Dominican priest/philosopher/theologian (1200s) who argued the existence of God with the last proof being the teleological argument or the concept of intelligent design.

Question 13

René Descartes

Answer 13

French philosopher/mathematician (1600s) who argued that what he could perceive in an idea is true and that the necessary existence of God is contained in the idea of God this God exists. AKA if I believe God is real, then he is real.

Question 14

Jean-Paul Sartre & Simone de Beauvoir

Answer 14

French philosophers (1900s) taught that only by acting do people give meaning to their lives.

Question 15

Friedrich Nietzche

Answer 15

German philosopher/poet/composer (1800s) who saw no objective structure or order to the world

Question 16

Blaise Pascal

Answer 16

French philosopher/mathematician/inventor/physicist (1600s) who argued that it was foolish not to bet on the existence of God since the other possible consequences were too costly.

Question 17

Monotheism

Answer 17

A theory that the universe was created by a perfect, all-powerful, providential supreme being.

Question 18

Soft determinism

Answer 18

A theory that claims that although desires are caused by a chain of causes, people can choose freely if they are not being dominated by an outside force.

Question 19

Hard determinism

Answer 19

A theory, which states that every event including one’s choices and actions, is determined by a chain of causes extending back in time.