Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USMLE RX > Test Review > Flashcards

Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are smaller than normal RBCs and have no central pallor?

A

Spherocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Spherocytes have an increased what?

A

Mean cell hemoglobin concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intellectual disability, marfanoid habitus, and lens subluxation

A

Homocystinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Subscapularis

A

medially (internally rotates) and adducts arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

supraspinatus

A

abduction for first 15 degrees then deltoid takes over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

infraspiantus

A

adducts and lateral (external rotates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

teres minor works like what other rotator cuff muscle

A

infraspinatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Duchenne Muscular dystrophy due to

A

frameshift or nonsense mutation; which leads to truncated dystrophin protein and inhibits muscle regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Becker is due to:

A

nonframe shift insertion in dystrophin gene; so there is a partially functional instead of truncated dystrophin protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

LSD overdose:

A

hallucinations, delusions, and dilated pupils, marked anxiety, or depression, nausea, weakness and paresthesias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normally umbilical cord contains how many umbilical arteries and veins?

A

2 arteries and 1 vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

umbilical arteries do what?

A

return deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

umbilical veins do what?

A

take oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Benzodiazepine intoxication:

A

unsteady gait, slurred speech, and respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment for Benzodiazepine overdose MOA

A

flumazenil: competitive antagonist so it works by displacing the drug from its binding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What occurs when the sinusoidal stellate cells are activated by cytokines, inflammatory cells, and other stimuli?

A

liver fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is characterized pathologically by regenerative nodules with thick collagenous septae?

A

cirrhosis of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

decreased cortisol and aldosterone levels, typically psxn: fatigue, weight loss, skin hyper pigmentation, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypotension.

A

Addison’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Addison’s disease due to:

A

autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What test differentiates primary adrenal insufficiency from secondary and tertiary adrenal insufficiency?

A

ACTH stimulation test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MSUD

A

deficiency of alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase which is used to degrade branched chain amino acids like valine, leucine and isoleucine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ace inhibitors cause _____ damage in fetus?

A

renal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

valproic acid causes ______ damage in fetus?

A

neural tube defects; skeletal damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

VHL disease: What chromosome? Increased risk of?

A

Ch. 3; hemangioblasmtomas (highly vascularized with hyper chromatic nuclei in the retina, brain stem, cerebellum, spine,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Primary brain tumor associated with ataxia and polycythemia; suggest?
VHL
26
Best treatment for cocaine intoxication?
benzodiazepine with a nondhydropyridine calcium channel blockers like verapamil or diltiazem used to control tachycardia
27
pancreatic adenocarcinoma associated wtih?
cigarrete smoke
28
migratory thrombophlebitis occurs after liberation of clotting factors such as?
tissue factor by some pancreatic tumors
29
What layer of skin is only present on palmoplantar skin such as palms of the hands and soles of the feet
stratum lucidum
30
Treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma?
Adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarabazine
31
Aminoglycosides have what adverse effect?
nephrotoxicity (increased by cephalosporins), ototoxic (esp. with loop diuretic), neuromuscular blockage, and teratogen
32
paclitaxel and vincristine/vinblastine stop the cell cycle in what phase?
M phase (mitosis)
33
Meningiomas arise from what cell type?
arachnoid cells
34
What histologic finding is associated with several neoplasms (papillary (thyroid), serous (ovary) meningioma, mesothelioma?
psammoma bodies
35
V1 exits through
Superior orbital fissures
36
V2 exits through
foramen rotundum
37
V3 exits through
foramen ovale
38
What is effective in augmenting hemoglobin levels in a patient with anemia of chronic disease?
erythropoietin
39
Alpha synuclein aggregates
parkinson disease
40
What drug is also a H2 blocker and used to treat peptic ulcer disease but does not have the same antiandrogenic effects as cimetidine?
ranitidine
41
plasmodium ovale causes what kind of fever?
48 hour cyclical fever
42
plasmodium falciparum causes what kind of involvement? and what kind of fever?
cerebral involvement, irregular not cyclical fevers
43
plasmodium malariae causes what kind of fever?
72 hour cyclical fever
44
Plasmodium vivid causes what kind of fever?
48 hour cyclical fever
45
Division between day 4 and 8 after fertilization=
monozygotic twins, one chorion and two amnions
46
Division with 3 days after fertilization =
monozygotic with diamniotic, dichorionic
47
Division between 8- 12 days after fertilization=
monochorionic monudiamniotic; monozygotic twins
48
Rare adverse effect of fluoquinolones=; also these drugs work on what?
tendon damage; inhibit DNA gyrate (topoisomerase 2)
49
Subthalamic nuclei normally does what?
excitation of the internal segment of the globus pallidus
50
B lymphocyte deficiency is apparent histologically by lack of what found in the lymph node?
germinal centers
51
Treat B lymphocyte deficiency with?
immunoglobulin injections
52
Seminomas are the MC testicular neoplasm and have what kind of presentation? what kind of histology?
painless that are radiosensitive; appear like large cells in lobules, with watery cytoplasm and fried egg appearance
53
Embryonal carcinoma appears like?
alveolar or papillary pattern ; poor prognosis; not radiosensitive
54
Yolk sac tumor appears like?
glomeruloid structures resembling endodermal sinus ( Schiller Duval bodies)
55
Leydig cell tumors appear like?
reinke crystals ; non germ cell tumor
56
Treat sarcoidosis with what drug? possible adverse effect of drug is?
corticosteroids; can cause Cushing syndrome (buffalo hump, moon facies)
57
What is one of the rate determine enzymes in renal gluconeogenesis?
fructose 1-6 bisphosphatase
58
Pancoast tumors are most often what kind of cancer?
squamous cell carcinoma
59
ptosis, mitosis, anhidrosis of the ipsilateral side of the face
Horner syndrome
60
lung carcinomas located in the apes of the lung that can compress the stellate ganglion, leading to horner syndrome
pan coast tumors
61
lesion is cerebellar hemisphere would result in:
ataxia, instability and dysmetria on the same side of the body as the lesion
62
MCC of Mitral stenosis is
rhemautic heart disease
63
What type of RNA is the most resistant to RNAse?
rRNA
64
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are what kind of mutations
loss of function mutations of the tumor suppressor genes BRCA 1 and BRCA2 are a/w increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer
65
osteogenesis imperfecta
type 1 collagen
66
ehler danlos
type 3 (vascular) and type 5 (classic)
67
in the setting of atrial fibrillation you would give what anticoagulants?
direct factor xa inhibitors or dabigatran (direct thrombin inhibitor)
68
dull pelvic pain, unilateral edema, decreased urine (ureter is compressed), constipation (colon is compressed) and palpable mass **will hear a bruit
common iliac artery aneurysm

USMLE RX (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions