Test Review 2

Question 1

De facto discrimination

Answer 1

More subtle forms of discrimination that exist without legal basis

Question 2

De jure discrimination

Answer 2

Discrimination established by laws

Question 3

Literacy tests

Answer 3

A requirement that voters must be literate; in reality, a way to restrict black suffrage

Question 4

Jim Crow

Answer 4

The system of racial segregation in the U.S. south that lasted from 1890 to 1965, and that was often violently enforced

Question 5

Strict scrutiny

Answer 5

The standard by which courts judge any legislation that singles out race or ethnicity

Question 6

Approval rating

Answer 6

A measure of public support for a political figure or institution

Question 7

Din

Answer 7

Shorthand for the sheer volume of information and noise generated by online sources. It can be a disincentive to participate politically

Question 8

Direct action

Answer 8

Participating outside of normal political and social channels through civil disobedience, demonstrations, and even riots

Question 9

Groupthink

Answer 9

The tendency among a small group of decision makers to converge on a shared set of views. It can limit creative thinking or solutions to policy problems.

Question 10

Political socialization

Answer 10

The process by which individuals acquire their political values.

Question 11

Consolidation

Answer 11

A media company grows, acquires other companies, and threatens to dominate the market.

Question 12

Framing

Answer 12

The way an issue is defined; every issue has many possible frames each with a slightly different tilt in describing a problem and highlighting solutions.

Question 13

Infotainment

Answer 13

The blurred line between news and entertainment

Question 14

Public watchdog

Answer 14

Media coverage that alerts the public when a problem arises in politics or society

Question 15

Sound bite

Answer 15

A short clip of speech taken from a longer piece of audio, Often refers to a brief excerpt from a speech by a candidate or politician

Question 16

Gerrymandering

Answer 16

Redrawing an election district in a way that gives the advantage to one party

Question 17

Incumbency advantage

Answer 17

The tendency for members of Congress to win reelection in overwhelming numbers

Question 18

Midterm loss

Answer 18

When the party of the president loses seats in Congress during the midterm elections. This has occurred in almost all midterm elections.

Question 19

Negative campaigning

Answer 19

Running for office by attacking the opponent. An unpopular tactic that is, nevertheless, very effective.

Question 20

Super-PACs

Answer 20

Organizations that are permitted to raise and spend unlimited to raise and spend unlimited amounts of money to promote a candidate or publicize a cause. However, they may not directly contribute to a candidate or coordinate with a campaign.