Test Review 2 Flashcards
study for second test
De facto discrimination
More subtle forms of discrimination that exist without legal basis
De jure discrimination
Discrimination established by laws
Literacy tests
A requirement that voters must be literate; in reality, a way to restrict black suffrage
Jim Crow
The system of racial segregation in the U.S. south that lasted from 1890 to 1965, and that was often violently enforced
Strict scrutiny
The standard by which courts judge any legislation that singles out race or ethnicity
Approval rating
A measure of public support for a political figure or institution
Din
Shorthand for the sheer volume of information and noise generated by online sources. It can be a disincentive to participate politically
Direct action
Participating outside of normal political and social channels through civil disobedience, demonstrations, and even riots
Groupthink
The tendency among a small group of decision makers to converge on a shared set of views. It can limit creative thinking or solutions to policy problems.
Political socialization
The process by which individuals acquire their political values.
Consolidation
A media company grows, acquires other companies, and threatens to dominate the market.
Framing
The way an issue is defined; every issue has many possible frames each with a slightly different tilt in describing a problem and highlighting solutions.
Infotainment
The blurred line between news and entertainment
Public watchdog
Media coverage that alerts the public when a problem arises in politics or society
Sound bite
A short clip of speech taken from a longer piece of audio, Often refers to a brief excerpt from a speech by a candidate or politician
Gerrymandering
Redrawing an election district in a way that gives the advantage to one party
Incumbency advantage
The tendency for members of Congress to win reelection in overwhelming numbers
Midterm loss
When the party of the president loses seats in Congress during the midterm elections. This has occurred in almost all midterm elections.
Negative campaigning
Running for office by attacking the opponent. An unpopular tactic that is, nevertheless, very effective.
Super-PACs
Organizations that are permitted to raise and spend unlimited to raise and spend unlimited amounts of money to promote a candidate or publicize a cause. However, they may not directly contribute to a candidate or coordinate with a campaign.
