Test Review Flashcards
Example of long bone
Femur - takes the weight
List 4 types of bones
1) Long bones
2) Short bones
3) Flat bones
4) irregular bones
Example of short bones
Fingers, ankles, wrists, toes - allows for ease of movement
Example of flat bones
Pelvis, ribs, skull, shoulder blades - protects organs
Example of irregular bones
Vertebrae - allow movement and flexibility
What is a joint
Point where two or more bones meet and allow movement
Cartilage
Connective tissue that cushions the joints so bones don’t rub together.
Name three types of joints
1) ball and socket
2) hinge and joint
3) pivot joint
Give an example of a ball and socket joint
Hip, shoulder (round end of one bones connects into the hollow end of another)
Give an example of a hinge joint
Knee, elbow (movement in one direction)
Give an example of a pivot joint
Skull connects to spine
Ligament
Strong bonds of connective tissue that hold joints together
How many muscles are in the human body?
500 or more
Three types of muscle
1) voluntary
2) involuntary
3) cardiac muscle
3 functions of your muscles
Body movement
Posture
Produce heat
Piloerection
Goosebumps
Gait
How they move
Ambulate
How a person gets around ex. Walk, w/c, walker, etc
Edema
Swelling
6 Rules of Lifting a Heavy Object
1) use legs ( lg muscles )
2) use wide base
3) keep objects close
4) get help with heavy clients
5) push/ pull rather than lift
6) face the area in which you work
Hyper extension
Excessive straightening
Abduction
Away from midline
Addiction
Towards midline
Flexion
Bend body part
Extension
Straightening a body part
Rotate
Turn the joint
Internal rotation
Turning the joint inward
External rotation
Turning the joint outwards
Dorisflexion
Bending the foot upward
Plantarflexion
Bending the foot down
Pronation
Turning downward
Supination
Turning upwards
Mechanics of the worker
Line of gravity, centre of gravity, base of support (footing, full feet on the floor,stable, 30’ wide)
What is the difference between a transfer and a lift?
Transfer: when client can weight bear
Lift: patient cannot weight bear
Shearing
When skin tears from driction
Things we can use in the bed for items of support
Slider board and trapeze,
Log rolling
A way of rolling someone whose body must stay in alignment
Dangling
Avoids postural hypotension ( drop I blood pressure)
Why do we position?
Promotes circulation Safety Comfort Balance Avoids pressure ulcers To eat
How often do we reposition?
Every two hours
Growlers
Semi sitting position in the bed
Low 15-30
Semi 30-45
High 45-90
Spline
Flat on back
Lateral
Side layong
Sims
Left lateral
Prone
Front laying
Walking aids
W/c Walkers Crutches Cane Brace
Muscle atrophy
Wasting away of muscle
Range of motion
Is moving a joint o the full extent possible without causing pain
Active rom
Done independently by client
Passive rom
Done by someone else moving the joint
Range of motion documentation
What rom done
How many reps
C/o pain
If client particapated
CBS
Central nervous system - consists of the brain and spinal cord
Pns
Peripheral nervous system - consists of the elves throughout the body. Carries messages or impulses to and from the brain
3 main parts of the brain
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain steam
Autonomic nervous system
Peripheral nerves with special functions. This system controls involuntary muscles and certain body functions that occur automatically. Ex, heartbeat, blood pressure, intestinal contractions, etc
Sympathetic nervous system
Tends to speed up functions. Ex, fear, angry, excited, exercising
Parasympathetic nervous system
Slows the down. Activated when I relax and or when the sympathetic system is under stimulation for too long
