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Chapters 17 & 18 > Test Questions > Flashcards

Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right.

A

True

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2
Q

Cardia muscle has more mitochondria and depends less on a continual supply of oxygen than does skeletal muscle.

A

False

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3
Q

The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries.

A

True

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4
Q

Arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than in the systemic circulation because of its proximity to the heart.

A

False

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5
Q

The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima

A

False

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6
Q

The “lub” sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosis because they provide information about the function of the heart’s pulmonary and aortic values.

A

True

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7
Q

Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure that is below 100 mm Hg.

A

True

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8
Q

A pre-capillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into the capillaries.

A

True

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9
Q

The pulmonary circulation does not directly serve the metabolic needs of body tissues.

A

True

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10
Q

An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neck to the heart.

A

True

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11
Q

An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance.

A

True

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12
Q

Vasodilatation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction.

A

False

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13
Q

The first major branch of the femoral artery is the dorsalis pedis artery.

A

False

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14
Q

The function of all arteries is to carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart while all veins carry oxygen poor blood to the heart.

A

False

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15
Q

The left ventricle is a stronger pump than the right ventricle because more blood is needed to supply the body tissues than to supply the lungs.

A

False

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16
Q

The endocardium of the heart is continuous with he endothelium of the blood vessels.

A

True

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17
Q

Which area/cavity grouping best describes the location of the heart?

A

pericardial, mediastinum, thoracic

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18
Q

Contraction of the heart chambers is known as _______ while relaxation is known as ________.

A

systole, diastole

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19
Q

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

A

closure of the heart valves

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20
Q

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to _______.

A

Pump blood with greater pressure

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21
Q

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ___________.

A

left atrium

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22
Q

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ________.

A

decreased delivery of oxygen.

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23
Q

Which vessel of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole?

A

pulmonary trunk.

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24
Q

Which of these vessels receives blood during ventricular systole?

A

both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

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25
Q

The heart wall consists of three layers. From the inside to the outside these layers are:

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

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26
Q

Which layer of the heart is highly vascularized?

A

all of these

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27
Q

The visceral pericardium is also known as the __________.

A

epicardium

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28
Q

The thickest layer of the heart wall is the __________.

A

myocardium

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29
Q

During the cardiac cycle, the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle when the semilunar valve opens is called the ________.

A

stroke volume

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30
Q

The pacemaker cells of the heart are located in the ________.

A

SA Node

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31
Q

The fibrous skeleton of the heart functions to _________.

A

a and c

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32
Q

The function of an atrium is ____________.

A

to collect blood

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33
Q

The cells that initiate the stimulus for contraction of the heart muscle are located in the __________.

A

sinoatrial node

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34
Q

which of the following is the proper sequence of cardiac excitation?

A

SA node –> AV node –> atrial myocardium –> AV bundle (of His) –> Purkinje fibers –> ventricular myocardium

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35
Q

The portion of the intrinsic conduction system located in the interventricular septum is the _____.

A

AV bundle

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36
Q

The second heart sound (dub) is produced by the

A

closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves

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37
Q

The bicuspid valve is on the same side of the heart as the

A

aortic semilunar valve

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38
Q

The base of the heart is its _________ surface.

A

superior

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39
Q

When a heart rate is 60 beats per minute, the rhythm is said to be __________.

A

bradycardia

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40
Q

Cardiac output is defined as _______.

A

amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute

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41
Q

Stroke volume is defined as __________.

A

amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle each beat

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42
Q

The portion of the heart’s intrinsic conduction system located in the floor of the right atrium (between the right atrium and the right ventricle) is the ____________.

A

AV node

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43
Q

The first heart sound (lub) is produced by the _________.

A

closing of the AV valves

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44
Q

The autonomic centers for cardiac function are located in the _________.

A

cardiac centers of the medulla oblongata.

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45
Q

Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?

A

AV valve

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46
Q

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.

A

The myocardium is he layer of the heart that actually contracts.

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47
Q

When a heart rate is 150 beats per minute, the rhythm is said to be _________.

A

tachycardia

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48
Q

The following are various component s of the conducting system of the heart:

  1. Purkinje fibers 4. SA Node
  2. AV Bundle 5. bundle branches
  3. AV node

The sequence in which an action potential would move through this system is ___________.

A

4,3,2,5,1

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49
Q

Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar valves are open?

A

Ventricles are in diastole

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50
Q

Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?

A

blood volume

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51
Q

Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure?

A

nitric acid

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52
Q

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

A

The AV vales are supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur.

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53
Q

The tricuspid valves is closed ________.

A

when the ventricle is in systole.

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54
Q

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes _______.

A

a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output.

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55
Q

Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate?

A

skin color

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56
Q

Aldosterone will _______.

A

promote an increase in blood pressure

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57
Q

Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.

A

Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase.

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58
Q

A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following except ___________.

A

decreased size of hart muscle.

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59
Q

Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodialation?

A

lungs

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60
Q

The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?

A

changes in arterial pressure

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61
Q

Receives O2 poor blood from the vena cava

A

right atrium

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62
Q

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

tricuspid

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63
Q

Pumps O2 rich blood into the aorta

A

left ventricle

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64
Q

Valve opening into the pulmonary trunk

A

semilunar

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65
Q

Receives blood from the pulmonary veins

A

left atrium

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66
Q

Pumps O2 poor blood into the pulmonary artery

A

right ventricle

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67
Q

Contains the SA and AV nodes

A

right atrium

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68
Q

Valves to prevent backflow

A

vein

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69
Q

Partially collapse when not full

A

veins

70
Q

contain 3 layers of tissue

A

both arteries and veins

71
Q

adapted to carry high pressure blood

A

artery

72
Q

carry blood foe both systemic and pulmonary circuits of cardiovascular system

A

both arteries and veins

73
Q

dependent on contractions of skeletal muscles, breathing movements, and constriction

A

veins

74
Q

Which statement best describes arteries?

A

All carry blood away from the heart.

75
Q

Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?

A

tunica intima

76
Q

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.

A

capillaries

77
Q

The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called _________.

A

hepatic portal circulation

78
Q

Peripheral resistance _______.

A

increases as blood viscosity increases

79
Q

The hepatic portal vein ____________.

A

carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver

80
Q

Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation?

A

right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium

81
Q

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of blood passing from the lungs to the body?

A

Pulmonary veins, left atrium. bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve

82
Q

The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called _______.

A

arterioles

83
Q

Factors that aid in venous return include all except ________.

A

pressure changes in the thorax

84
Q

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the __________.

A

coronary arteries

85
Q

A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the ____________.

A

right side of the head and neck, and right upper arm.

86
Q 
Given these blood vessels,
1. axillary vein			4. radial vein
2. brachial vein		5. subclavian vein
3. brachiocephalic vein 
Choose the arrangement that lists the vessels in order from the right hand toward the aorta.
A

4,2,1,5,3,

87
Q

An artery that does not branch from the aortic arch is ________.

A

the right subclavian artery

88
Q

Formed by the union of external and internal iliac veins

A

common iliac vein

89
Q

major systemic artery

A

aorta

90
Q

Supplies 80% of cerebrum

A

internal carotid artery

91
Q

largest vessel of the body in diameter

A

inferior vena cava

92
Q

Drains the head, neck, and upper limbs

A

superior vena cava

93
Q

Leads to the formation of the Circle of Willis

A

vertebral arteries

94
Q

supplies the heart

A

coronary arteries

95
Q

Comparing and contrasting arteries and veins, the veins have _____________.

A

valves, but arteries do not.

96
Q

The structure of a capillary wall differs from that of a vein or an artery because __________.

A

it has a single tunic – only the tunica interna

97
Q

In what sequence would the tunicas of a blood vein be pierced in doing a venipuncture to draw blood for analysis?

A

tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

98
Q

Blood is transported through the venous system by means of

A

a and c are correct

99
Q

Blood flow into capillaries is regulated by

A

pre-capillary sphincters

100
Q

As blood travels from the aorta toward the capillaries

A

resistance increases

101
Q

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta is/are

A

coronary arteries

102
Q

Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?

A

hydrostatic and osmotic pressures

103
Q

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

A

tunica media

104
Q

two arteries formed by the division of the brachiocephalic artery

A

common carotid, subclavian

105
Q

largest artery of the body

A

aorta

106
Q

supplies the diaphragm

A

phrenic

107
Q

splits to form the radial and ulnar arteries

A

brachial

108
Q

supplies 80% of the brain

A

internal carotid

109
Q

external iliac becomes this artery when entering the thigh

A

femoral

110
Q

termination of the abdominal aorta results in these branches

A

common iliac

111
Q

along with #18, supplies the remainder of the brain

A

vertebral arteries

112
Q

receives blood from the arm via the axillary vein

A

subclavian vein

113
Q

drains the kidney

A

renal vein

114
Q

carries nutrient rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing

A

hepatic portal vein

115
Q

drains the liver

A

hepatic vein

116
Q

longest superficial vein

A

great saphenous

117
Q

largest vessel of the body in diameter

A

inferior vena cava

118
Q

formed by the merging of the jugular and the subclavian veins

A

brachiocephalic veins

119
Q

formed by the union o f the right and left common iliac

A

inferior vena cava

120
Q

Gives rise to the right common carotid and right subclavian artery

A

brachiocephalic trunk

121
Q

Supplies the lower limbs

A

external iliac artery

122
Q

Common site to take the pulse

A

Radial artery

123
Q

Major supply to the cerebral hemispheres

A

internal carotid artery

124
Q

Large unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies the liver, stomach, and spleen

A

Celiac trunk

125
Q

Receives blood from all areas superior to the diaphragm, except the heart wall

A

superior vena cava

126
Q

carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary trunk

127
Q

drains the scalp

A

external jugular vein

128
Q

Runs through the armpit area, giving off branches to the axillae, chest wall, and shoulder girdle

A

axillary artery

129
Q

Drains the upper extremities, deep vein

A

subclavian vein

130
Q

artery usually palpated to take blood pressure

A

brachial artery

131
Q

major artery of the thigh

A

femoral artery

132
Q

supplies the small intestine

A

superior mesenteric artery

133
Q

carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs

A

pulmonary veins

134
Q

vessel commonly used as a coronary bypass vessel

A

great saphenous vein

135
Q

site where resistance to blood flow is greatest

A

arterioles

136
Q

site where exchanges of food and gases are made

A

capillaries

137
Q

site where blood pressure is lowest

A

large veins

138
Q

site where the velocity of blood flow is the fastest

A

large arteries

139
Q

site where velocity of blood flow is slowest

A

large veins

140
Q

site where the blood volume is greatest

A

large arteries

141
Q

site where the blood pressure is greatest

A

large arteries

142
Q

site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance

A

arterioles

143
Q

The vein that drains the bulk of the blood from the brain is the __________.

A

none of these.

144
Q

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?

A

170/96 in a 50 year old woman

145
Q

There is/are _________ pulmonary veins emptying into the right atrium of the heart.

A

None

146
Q

The coronary blood vessels are part of the ____________ circuit of the circulatory system.

A

systemic

147
Q

The unpaired arteries supplying blood to the visceral organs include ______________.

A

celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric

148
Q

the two-way exchange of substances between blood and body cells occurs only through

A

capillaries

149
Q

Which of the followoing represents the correct sequence which blood moves in passing from the vena cava to the lungs?

A

right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk

150
Q

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood flow to a tissue except _________.

A

increased blood volume

151
Q

Blood pressure increases with

A

b and c only

152
Q

As blood flows from the foot through the deep veins of the leg it may pass through the anterior tibial vein –> popliteal vein –> femoral vein –> external iliac vein –> common iliac vein –> inferior vena cava–> and heart. The vessel that is missing in this sequence is the __________.

A

There is no missing vessel

153
Q 
Given these blood vessels
1. axillary artery		4. radial artery
2.brachial artery		5. subclavian artery
3. brachiocephalic artery
Choose the arrangement that lists the vessels in order, from the aorta toward the right hand.
A

3,5,1,2,4

154
Q

The vein that drains the bulk of the blood from the brain is the ___________.

A

none of these

155
Q

The vessel formed by the union of the right and left common iliac veins is the ________.

A

inferior vena cava

156
Q

The vessel(s) formed by the merging of the jugular and subclavian veins is/are the ___________.

A

brachiocephalic

157
Q

The function of all arteries is to carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart while all veins carry oxygen poor blood to the heart.

A

False

158
Q

Which of the following does not branch directly off the aortic arch?

A

right subclavian

159
Q

The pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

160
Q

Found in the interventricular myocardium

A

AV bundle

161
Q

Network found in the ventricular myocardium

A

Purkinje fibers

162
Q

The point in the conduction system of the heart where the impulse is temporarily delayed

A

AV node

163
Q

Prevents backflow into the left ventricle

A

aortic valve

164
Q

Prevents backflow into the right atrium

A

tricuspid valve

165
Q

prevents backflow into the left atrium

A

mitral valve

166
Q

AV valve with two flaps

A

mitral valve

167
Q

AV valve with three flaps

A

tricuspid valve

168
Q

Inner lining of the heart

A

endocardium

169
Q

Heart muscle

A

myocardium

170
Q

Serous layer covering the heart muscle

A

parietal layer

171
Q

The outermost layer of the serous pericardium

A

epicardium

172
Q

Follow the pathway of blood from the heart to the left arm and back to the heart.

A

left atrium –> left ventricle–> aorta–> brachiocephalic trunk–> subclavian artery–> axillary artery–> brachial artery–> radial/ulnar artery–> capillary bed–> radial/ulnar vein–> brachial vein–> axillary vein–> subclavian vein–> superior vena cava–> right atrium–> right ventricle–>

Chapters 17 & 18 (1 decks)

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