Test Questions Flashcards
Stars in the upper left of an H-R diagram are:
a. Hotter than those in the lower right
b. Cooler than those in the lower right
a. Hotter than those in the lower right
Most meteor showers are associated with the break-up of:
a. comets
b. asteroids
c. meteoroids
d. planets
a. comets
In accordance with the H-R diagram, the difference in the brightness of a star having the same surface temperature is attributable to:
a. densities
b. compositions
c. size
d. colors
c. size
Which of the following would be an example of a positive feedback mechanism?
a. cloud albedo effect
b. aerosols
c. stratospheric ozone
d. black soot on snow
Outgoing radiation from the Earth is emitted in what wavelength?
a. ultraviolet
b. infrared
c. visible light
d. microwaves
b. infrared
The highest percentage of radiation the Earth receives from the sun is in these wavelengths.
a. infrared
b. ultraviolet
c. visible light
d. microwaves
c. visible light
Which of the following best defines the relationship between minerals and rocks?
a. A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometrical, internal arrangement of minerals: a mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks.
b. A mineral consists of atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any geometric pattern.
c. In a mineral, atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of mineral grains.
d. A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of rock particles.
c. In a mineral, atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of mineral grains.
Taking the Earth as a whole, this is the most abundant element.
a. silicon
b. oxygen
c. aluminum
d. iron
d. iron
(T/F) The iron catastrophe resulted in the differentiation of the Earth into layers increasing in density from the core to the crust.
False
How does the chemical differentiation of Earth today reflect the influence of the “iron catastrophe”?
a. There is more iron in the core than in the crust.
b. The lower lithosphere stores most of Earth’s iron.
c. Most of Earth’s iron escaped to outer space.
d. Iron is rare on Earth.
a. There is more iron in the core than in the crust.
Taking the Earth as a whole, this is the most abundant element.
a. silicon
b. oxygen
c. aluminum
d. iron
a. silicon
Stars in the upper left of an H-R diagram
a. are hotter than those in the lower right
b. are cooler than those in the lower right
a. are hotter than those in the lower right
Most meteor showers are associated with the break-up of:
a. comets
b. asteroids
c. meteoroids
d. planets
a. comets
In accordance with the H-R diagram, the differences in the brightness of a star having the same surface temperature is attributable to:
a. densities
b. compositions
c. size
*d. colors
Which of the following would be a positive feedback mechanism?
*a. cloud albedo effect
b. aerosols
c. stratospheric ozone
d. black soot on snow
Outgoing radiation from the Earth is emitted in what wavelength?
a. ultraviolet
b. infrared
c. visible light
d. microwaves
b. infrared
The highest percentage of radiation the Earth receives from the Sun is in these wavelengths.
a. infrared
b. ultraviolet
c. visible light
d. microwaves
c. visible light
In a cooling magma composed of silicon, oxygen, aluminum, potassium, hydrogen, calcium, and sodium atoms, which of the following silicate minerals would be impossible to crystallize?
a. quartz
b. muscovite
c. feldspar
d. olivine
d. olivine
Which of the following best defines the relationship between minerals and rocks?
a. A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometrical, internal arrangement of minerals; a mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks.
b. A mineral consists of atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any geometric pattern.
c. In a mineral, atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of mineral grains.
d. A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of rock particles.
c. In a mineral, atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of mineral grains.
As compared to coarse grained igneous rocks, all fine-grained igneous rocks:
a. solidify at lower temperatures
b. solidify at higher temperatures
*c. cool and solidify more slowly
d. cool and solidify more quickly
(T/F) The Palisades sill along a portion of the Hudson River is a real-world example of fractional crystallization.
True
(T/F) It is impossible for granite to form from magma rising to the surface at a mid-ocean ridge.
True
Think back to Bowen’s Reaction Series to respond to this. If a body of magma is subjected to fractional crystallization, the rock that results is expected to be:
a. identical in chemical composition to the magma
b. more mafic than the magma
c. more felsic than the magma
c. more felsic than the magma
(T/F) Peridotite is the major rock composition of the mantle.
True
(T/F) The Sierra Nevada Mountains are an example of a pluton called a laccolith.
False.
(They are a batholith)
Which of these tectonic settings result in decompression melting?
a. subduction zone
b. divergent or spreading center
b. divergent or spreading center
