Test Questions Flashcards
What is the Decision Tree and its components?
The decision tree clarifies a decision to be made, identifies needed information and eliminates the cost/time wasted in searching for non-essential information, shows how various factors are interrelated, eases the difficulty of communicating complex decision, and can act as a mediating device for situations in which major disagreements often arise.
What is the seven step decision making process?
Identify and diagnose the problem, gather all the facts, develop alternatives/solutions, evaluate alternatives (gain feedback), select the most appropriate alternatives, implement the alternatives, and evaluate the results.
What is Group Think?
Group think is a negative tendency for members of a group to submit to peer pressure and endorse the majority opinion, even if it is unacceptable to individuals.
What are the 8 major factors that guarantee poor decisions due to group think?
Illusions of invulnerability that creates excessive optimism leading to extreme risks, a collective effort to rationalize in order to discount intelligence or warning of failure, unquestioned belief in the group’s inherent morality, stereotyped views of a weak or ignorant adversary, direct pressure on members who express strong arguments against group stereotypes, self-censorship of members who don’t go along, a shared sense of unanimity, self-appointed members who protect the group from adverse information that might shatter their shared complacency about the effectiveness and morality of their decision.
Causes for Bad Decisions (know at least 4)
Addressing the wrong problem, failure to use participation, being distracted by conspicuous options, overreacting to time and stress, overusing intuition and judgement, using dogmatic decisions and practices, failing to deal with the values, problems in making subjective estimates, failing to use analysis, problems in communicating analytical results, ignoring ethics, learning.
Define Closed Learning
Closed learning is individuals rely on their own instincts and a much smaller quantity and variety of information to make decisions. They are more comfortable with a constrained, highly managed flow of information.
Define an Open Mindset
Open mindset is individuals desire a great deal of diverse information and advice to make decisions. They are comfortable with a greater quantity and contradictory information and advice.
What are the 5 steps to the panning process?
Recognize the need for a plan, formulate goals and objectives, Define the present situation, develop a plan of action, and monitor and evaluate strategy.
Define the first step of the planning process - Recognize the need for a plan
in this step we identify the problem and potential causes while determining who or what can solve the problem
Define the second step in the planning process - formulate goals and objectives
this step aids in complex problem solving and involves crafting objectives that are clear and concise. If we consider the end result of the plan is our goal, then objectives provide us with the steps we need to move toward the goal.
Define the third step in the planning process - define the present situation
this is an important step since it involves gathering and analyzing data, while soliciting from those who are close to the problem or have related experience. Compiling relevant statistical information and determining resource availability are also part of this step.
Define the fourth step of the planning process - develop a plan of action
be realistic and consider the alternatives. Make sure the plan falls in line with organizational goals and objectives. Outline specific personal assignments and accountability standards.
Define the fifth step of the planning process - Monitor and evaluate strategy
the strategic plans and priorities will be checked and revised to ensure targets are based on the organizations constantly changing environment.
What are the causes for law enforcement criminal misconduct? (Name 7)
Political interference, poor backgrounds, bad FTO programs, negative leadership roll models, lack of accountability, sense of victimization, lack of coverage, corruption of authority, kickbacks, opportunistic thefts, shakedowns, protection of illegal activities, fixes, direct criminal activity, internal payoffs, brutality, sex on duty, non-sexual contact, contact with crime victims, contact with offenders, contact with juveniles, sexual shakedowns, citizen-initiated sexual contacts, sleeping on duty, drinking on duty, use of drugs, police lying, accepted lies, tolerated lying, deviant lying (in support of perceived legitimate goals)
Brady V. Maryland 373 US 83
- The US supreme court declared that regardless of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution, the suppression of evidence favorable to the accused violates due process, where the evidence is material to either guilt or punishment.
- This includes both direct evidence and impeachment evidence which is favorable in the defendant
- the duty of disclosure is not limited to evidence possession of the prosecutor
- failure on part of the government to disclose brady material requires a new trial if the disclosure of the material evidence creates a reasonable probability that it effects the case
- if you have acted unethically and have a documented record (IA) of providing false and or misleading statements/information, the prosecutor must provide that information to the defense attorney
