Test Question Review Flashcards
INITIATION
- Difficulty Starting Tasks
- Medial Frontal Lobe; Anterior Cingulate (Apathy)
INHIBITION
- Impulsivity; Over- Response to Stimuli; Perseveration
- Orbitofrontal Lobe
SUSTAINED ATTENTION
- Difficulty Persisting in Tasks; Maintaining Working Memory
- RIGHT Lateral Frontal Lobe
ORGANIZATION
- Difficulty Identifying Goals; Planning and Sequencing; Timing
- Dorsolateral Convexity of Frontal Lobe
FLUENCY/FLEXIBILITY
- Difficulty Generating Solutions; Solving Problems
- Parasaggital Frontal Lobe Region
AWARENESS
- Difficulty with Self Evaluation and Insight
- Connections between Prefrontal Lobes and RIGHT Parietal Lobe
COMA
- Unconscious, Eyes Closed
- Brainstem, Diencephalon Activity
VEGETATIVE STATE
- Unconscious, Eye Opening
- Sleep/Wake Cycle
- Brainstem, Diencephalon, Parietal Cortex Activity
MINIMALLY CONSCIOUS STATE
- Inconsistant Tracking/Fixation
- Purposeful Motor Behavior
- Integrated Cortex; Abnormal EEG
HEMIPLEGIC GAIT
- Shorter Step Length on LESS Involved Side
- Knee Buckling on INVOLVED Side
- Struggles with Anterior Hip Flexion; Uses Circumduction, Lateral or Posterior Lean to Compensate
- Lack of Adequate DF on INVOLVED Side
- Ankle Instability; Bears Weight on Lateral Border
ATAXIC GAIT
- Persons with Cerebellar or Sensory Disorders
- Essential Movements Present; Lacks QUALITY
- Unsteady, Clumsy, Wide BOS, Irregular
FESTINATING GAIT
- Persons with Parkinsons
- Lacks Arm Swing
- Short, Quick Steps With Increasing Speed
- Appears to Be Racing After COG
SCISSORING GAIT
- Persons with LE Spasticity, MS
- Excessive ADD During Ambulation; Causes LEs to Approach or Cross Midline
TOE WALKING GAIT
- Often Seen with Gastroc-Soleus Contracture or Spasticity
- May Also Be Seen with Leg Length Discrepancy
UMN UE MUSCLE WEAKNESS PATTERNS
ABductors,ERs, Extensors
UMN LE MUSCLE WEAKNESS PATTERNS
Flexors, IRs, DFs, Evertors
UMN UE FLEXION SYNERGY
Shoulder Girdle: Elevation, Retraction Shoulder: ABd, ER Elbow: Flexion Forearm: Supination Wrist: Flexion
UMN UE EXTENSION SYNERGY
Shoulder Girdle: Depression, Protraction Shoulder: ADD, IR Elbow: Extension Forearm: Pronation Wrist: Extension
UMN LE FLEXION SYNERGY
Hip: Flexion, ABd, ER
Knee: Flexion
Ankle: DF, Inversion
UMN LE EXTENSION SYNERGY
Hip: Extension, ADD, IR
Knee: Extension
Ankle: PF, Inversion
Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
Supine Position: ENHANCES Extensor Tone
Prone Position: DECREASES Extensor Tone
Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
Neck Flexion: Flexion of UEs and Extension of LEs
Neck Extension: Extension of UEs and Flexion of LEs
Ramiste’s Phenomena
Resisted ABduction in Normal LE Limb Causes ABduction of AFFECTED Limb; Same effect with hip ADDuction
Strabismus
Disorder of the eyes where one eye does not turn normally so that the person’s gaze appears divergent
Muscle Tone
- Resistance of Muscle to Passive Stretch when the Patient Attempts to Maintain Muscle Relaxation
- Degree of contraction that characterizes normally innervated, resting skeletal muscles
- Produced by the ongoing activation of Motor units
