Test Question Review

Question 1

INITIATION

Answer 1

• Difficulty Starting Tasks

- Medial Frontal Lobe; Anterior Cingulate (Apathy)

Question 2

INHIBITION

Answer 2

• Impulsivity; Over- Response to Stimuli; Perseveration

- Orbitofrontal Lobe

Question 3

SUSTAINED ATTENTION

Answer 3

• Difficulty Persisting in Tasks; Maintaining Working Memory

- RIGHT Lateral Frontal Lobe

Question 4

ORGANIZATION

Answer 4

• Difficulty Identifying Goals; Planning and Sequencing; Timing
• Dorsolateral Convexity of Frontal Lobe

Question 5

FLUENCY/FLEXIBILITY

Answer 5

• Difficulty Generating Solutions; Solving Problems

- Parasaggital Frontal Lobe Region

Question 6

AWARENESS

Answer 6

• Difficulty with Self Evaluation and Insight

- Connections between Prefrontal Lobes and RIGHT Parietal Lobe

Question 7

COMA

Answer 7

• Unconscious, Eyes Closed

- Brainstem, Diencephalon Activity

Question 8

VEGETATIVE STATE

Answer 8

• Unconscious, Eye Opening
• Sleep/Wake Cycle
• Brainstem, Diencephalon, Parietal Cortex Activity

Question 9

MINIMALLY CONSCIOUS STATE

Answer 9

• Inconsistant Tracking/Fixation
• Purposeful Motor Behavior
• Integrated Cortex; Abnormal EEG

Question 10

HEMIPLEGIC GAIT

Answer 10

• Shorter Step Length on LESS Involved Side
• Knee Buckling on INVOLVED Side
• Struggles with Anterior Hip Flexion; Uses Circumduction, Lateral or Posterior Lean to Compensate
• Lack of Adequate DF on INVOLVED Side
• Ankle Instability; Bears Weight on Lateral Border

Question 11

ATAXIC GAIT

Answer 11

• Persons with Cerebellar or Sensory Disorders
• Essential Movements Present; Lacks QUALITY
• Unsteady, Clumsy, Wide BOS, Irregular

Question 12

FESTINATING GAIT

Answer 12

• Persons with Parkinsons
• Lacks Arm Swing
• Short, Quick Steps With Increasing Speed
• Appears to Be Racing After COG

Question 13

SCISSORING GAIT

Answer 13

• Persons with LE Spasticity, MS

- Excessive ADD During Ambulation; Causes LEs to Approach or Cross Midline

Question 14

TOE WALKING GAIT

Answer 14

• Often Seen with Gastroc-Soleus Contracture or Spasticity

- May Also Be Seen with Leg Length Discrepancy

Question 15

UMN UE MUSCLE WEAKNESS PATTERNS

Answer 15

ABductors,ERs, Extensors

Question 16

UMN LE MUSCLE WEAKNESS PATTERNS

Answer 16

Flexors, IRs, DFs, Evertors

Question 17

UMN UE FLEXION SYNERGY

Answer 17

Shoulder Girdle: Elevation, Retraction
Shoulder: ABd, ER
Elbow: Flexion
Forearm: Supination
Wrist: Flexion

Question 18

UMN UE EXTENSION SYNERGY

Answer 18

Shoulder Girdle: Depression, Protraction
Shoulder: ADD, IR
Elbow: Extension
Forearm: Pronation
Wrist: Extension

Question 19

UMN LE FLEXION SYNERGY

Answer 19

Hip: Flexion, ABd, ER
Knee: Flexion
Ankle: DF, Inversion

Question 20

UMN LE EXTENSION SYNERGY

Answer 20

Hip: Extension, ADD, IR
Knee: Extension
Ankle: PF, Inversion

Question 21

Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex

Answer 21

Supine Position: ENHANCES Extensor Tone

Prone Position: DECREASES Extensor Tone

Question 22

Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

Answer 22

Neck Flexion: Flexion of UEs and Extension of LEs

Neck Extension: Extension of UEs and Flexion of LEs

Question 23

Ramiste’s Phenomena

Answer 23

Resisted ABduction in Normal LE Limb Causes ABduction of AFFECTED Limb; Same effect with hip ADDuction

Question 24

Strabismus

Answer 24

Disorder of the eyes where one eye does not turn normally so that the person’s gaze appears divergent

Question 25

Muscle Tone

Answer 25

• Resistance of Muscle to Passive Stretch when the Patient Attempts to Maintain Muscle Relaxation
• Degree of contraction that characterizes normally innervated, resting skeletal muscles
• Produced by the ongoing activation of Motor units