Test Qs Flashcards
1-2. ___&____ The first transcontinental railroad was completed by the construction efforts of which two railroads
Union pacific/central pacific
The US changed to standard time zones when
the major rail lines recognized the necesity to keep schedules and avoid accidents
the first important federal law aimed at regulating the transportation industry?
interstate commerce commerce act
after the Granger Laws ran into legal problems and were overturned in the case of Wabash v Illinois, Congress attempted to provide relief through the
Interstate Commerce Act
the steel industry owed much to the genius of
William Kelly (bessemer process)
Americas first billion dollar corporation was
US steel
andre carnegie’s “gospel of wealth” proclaimed his belief that:
those who acquired great wealth were morally responsible to use it for the public good
she opened the hull house
Jane Addams
she founded the Nat. American Suffrage Assoc.
S. B. Anthony
she help found the Nat Assoc of Colored Women
Ida B Wells
First female member of House of Reps
Jeanette Rankin
Founder of the christian sci church
Mary Baker Eddy
He was the first african american to graduate from harvard
WEB DuBoise
dem candidate in 1896
Wm Jennings Bryan
He enforced the Indian Removal Act
Andrew Jackson
Led the national grange
Oliver Kelly
he was the president of the american tobacco company
J. Buchannan Duke
invented movie camera
edison
invented metal detector
Alex G Bell
in what US city were the first underground transit trains?
boston
the countries from which many “new immigrants” came included:
Italian Croatian and Slovakian
one immigrant group that was totally banned from the US after 1882 as a result of nativist agitation was the
chinese
the dawes severalty act was designed to promote Indian
assimilation
Carnegie used the combination form of:
vertical integration
Rockefeller used the combination form of:
horizontal integration
JP Morgan uses the combination form ofL
interlocking directorate
the first major product of the oil industry
kerosene
the knights of labor was weakened by
its association in the public mind with the haymarket riot
late 19th century farmers believed that their difficulties stemmed primarily from
the currency supply
the question of the annexation of ____ touched off the first major imperialistic debate in american history
Hawaii
US naval captain Alfred Mahn argued that
control of the sea was key to the US world domination
to justify american intervention in the Venezuela boundary dispute with Brtain, Sec State Olney invoked the
Monroe Doctrine
President McKinley primarily justified American acquisition of the Philippines by emphasizing that
there was no acceptable alternative to their acquisition
a major factor in the shift in the american foreign policy toward imperialism in the late nineteenth century was
the need for over seas markets for increased industrial and agricultural products
during the spainish/american war the entire spanish fleet was destroyed at the battle of
santiago
in an attempt to persuade Spain to leave Cuba or to encourage the US to help Cuba to gain independance, Cuban insurrectos
burned the cane field and sugar mills
which of the following became a US possession under the provisions of the treaty of paris, that ended the spainsh american war:
puerto rico, guam, philippine Islands
as a result of the settlement of the venezuelan boundary dispute
latin american nations were pleased by the determination of the US to protect them
in his book Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis the Rev Josiah Strong advocated American expansion
to spread American religious values
as whether the US laws applied to the territories acquired in the Spanish American War, the Supreme Court decided in the insular cases that
american laws did not necessarily apply
by acquiring the Philippine Islands at the end of the s/a war the US:
became a full-fledged far eastern power
what best explains the influence of yellow journalism on US foreign policy in the 1890s?
sensational news stories stirred the anger of the American people
the Us gained a virtual right of intervention in Cuba in the
Platt Amendment
the numerous wars and diplomatic crisis of the US in the late 1880s and 1890s demonstrated
the aggressive new national mood
at the time the most controversial event associated with the s/a war was the
acquisition of the Philippines
what country attempted to interfere with the U Navy in the batle of manila Bay, causing Dewey to threaten them with war
germany
president cleveland rejected the effort to annex hawaii because
the majority of the native hawaiians opposed the annexation
Because of economic expansion, yellow press, and the economic completion w European nations
this turned american away from isolation and toward international involvement in the 1890s
because of the venzuelan boundary dispute the effect was:
strengthen the monroe doctrine and made GB more willing to accommodate US interests
because of the white planter revolt again Queen Lili the effect was:
se off the first debate about american overseas expansion
because of the cuban revolt against spanish rule the effect was:
created an emotional public demand for war
because of the explosion of the USS Maine the effect:
aroused strong sympathy from most americans
Effect of TR’s secret orders to Commodore Dewey
led to the surprising US victory over Spain at Manila Bay
the weakness of spain’s army and navy; effect:
enables america’s unprepared forced to gain quick and easy victories
Mckinley’s decision to keep the Philippines; effect:
set up a bitter debate about imperialism in the senate and the country
WJ Bryan’s last minute support for the treaty acquiring the Philippines; effect:
tipped the narrow senate vote in favor of the imperialist acquisition of the Philippines
the spanish american war; effect:
enhanced american national pride and made the US an international power in East Asia
In 1899 an insurrection began the Philippines because
the US refused to give the Filipino people their freedom
the filipino insurrection was finally broken when
emilio aguinaldo, the filipino leader, was captured
many american became concerned about the increasing foreign intervention in china because they
feared that the chinese markets would be monopolized by European manufacturers and exporters
america’s initial open door policy was essentially an argument for
equal access trade in china
in response to the boxer rebellion the US:
abandoned its time honored principles of non-entanglement and noninvolvement
just before his nomination for vp on the republican ticket in 1900 TR served as
gov of NY
the republicans won the 1900 election mainly because of
the prosperity achieved during McKinley’s 1st term
in the election 1900 dem WJ Bryan declared that the key issue was
american imperialism in the philippines
construction of an isthmian canal was motivated mainly by
the desire to improve the defense of the US
the US gained control of the Panama Canal by
organizing an supporting revolt in Panama
besides Panama the primary alt. site for a central american canal was
nicaragua
TR’s role in the Panamanian Revolution
using american naval forces to block Colombian troops from crossing the isthmus and crushing the revolt
pres Mckinley appointed a Philippine commission to make recommendations it was led by
Taft
american involvement in the affairs of LA nations at the turn of the century stemmed from
the fact they were chronically in debt
the roosevelt corollary added a new provision to the Monroe Doctrine that was specifically designed to
justify intervention by the US into the affairs of LA countries
in 1904 the Russo Japanese War started because
russia seemed ready to take control of China’s manchuria
as a result of the russo-japanese war
japan won a territrial concession on sakhalin island
in the root-takahira agreement of 1908 the
US and Japan agreed to respect each others territorial holdings of the pacific
the gentlemen’s agreement between the US and Japan provided that
the San Francisco schools would integrate in exchange for Japan limiting japanese laborers entering the states
roosevelt’s the great white fleet, essentially serves as
a demonstration of the american naval power in the east asia
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty:
between US/GB, state US did not have the right of sole control over a canal (yielded later on)
Dominican Intervention:
Us intervened as not to have European powers coming to collect the Dominican’s debt owed to britain
Cuban Intervention:
Pres of Cuba asked for us to intervene to take over debts as part of Platt Amendment (later we pull back)
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty:
us treaty with 2nd french canal company; for same price as before canal was widened from 6 miles to 10 miles of the panama canal
Which of the following best defines the progressive movement:
middle class response to urbanization and industrialization
what were the main objectives of the American progressives?
passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act
creation of national forests and protected wildlife areas
initiation of antitrust lawsuits against monopolies
expansion the power of the ICC
the supreme court case of muller v oregon was seen as a victory for progressives and women’s rights because
it upheld the constitutionally of laws protecting women in the workplace
the controversy over the hetch hetchy valley in yosemite national park revealed:
a philosophical disagreement between wilderness “preservationists” and more moderate conservationists
David Phillips targeted:
the US senate
Ida Tarbell targets:
Standard Oil
Lincoln Steffens targeted:
city gov’ts
Ray S. Baker targeted this group in his writings:
African Americans
president Roosevelt weakened himself politically after his election in 1904 when he
supported the Federal Reserve
the real purpose of TR’s assault on trusts was
to prove that the gov’t, not private business, ruled the country
progressives, who were among the strongest critics of injustice in early 20th century America, received much of their inspiration from
the greenback labor party and the populists
according to the progressives, the cure for american democracy’s ills was
more democracy
the supreme court case Lochner v NY represented a setback for progressives and labor advocated because the supreme court and its ruling
declared a law limit work to ten hours a day unconstitutional
the Roosevelt backed elkins and hepburn act were aimed at
more effective regulation of the railroad industry
Roosevelt decided to break w the republicans and form third party because
taft used his control over the republicans convention to deny roosevelt the nomination
pres taft’s image was damaged with the party when he
signed the Payne-Aldrich Treaty
Pres Taft intervened militarily in these two areas to eace disorders that threatened US investments:
Central America/Caribbean
the public outcry after the horrible triangle shirtwaist fire in NY led many states to pass
safety regulations and workmen’s compensation laws for job injuries
TR helped end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by
threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops
the supreme court’s “rule of reason” in restraint of trade cases was handed down in a case involving
standard oil
the settlement house and women’s club movements were crucial centers for female progressive activity because they:
introduced many middle class women to urban social problems and civic concerns
16th amendment:
congress has power to collect income tax
17th amendment:
senators directly elected by peopl
18th amendment:
prohibition of alcohol
19th amendment:
women’s suffrage
Wilson was a
dem
TR was a
progressive
Taft was a
repub
Debs was a
socialist
before he was elected pres in 1912, Wilson had been a
state gov
when Jane Addams placed TR’s name in the nomination for presidency in 1912 it
symbolized the rising political status of women
TR’s new nationalism
supported a broad program of social welfare
Wilson’s New Freedom
favored small enterprises
congress passed the underwood tariff because
wilson aroused public opinion in support of the passage
when congress passes the underwood tariff bill in 1913, it intended legislation to
lower tariff rates
pres wilson refused to intervene militarily in mexico when:
american business investors demanded protection/hearst and his newspaper began a campaign for involvement
the US pursuit of Villa ended when
pres wilson pulled troops out because of war in europe
from 1914-1916 trade between US and britain
pulled the american economy out of recession
Wilson showed the limits of his progressivism by
accelerating the segregation of blacks in the fed bureaucracy
german submarines began sinking unarmed and unresisting merchant and passenger ships without warning
in retaliation for the brit blockade of Germany
in 1913 Wilson broke with custom dating back to 1801 when he
personally delivered his pres address to Congress
Federal Trade Commission:
enabled wilson to investigate certain truest/monopolies such as meat packaging
LaFollette Seamen’s Act
protected sailors
Federal Farm Loan Act:
enabled farmers to obtain loans at lower rates more easily then before
Adamson Act:
enacted 8 hour workday and extra pay for overtime for railroad workers
Workmen’s Compensation Act:
policy that if a worker was hurt on the job he would receive a pay to make up for it
Because of the benefits that it conferred on labor, Sam Gompers called this the “labor’s magna carta”
clayton- anti trust act
wilson’s administration refused to extend formal diplomatic recognition in mexico headed by
huerta
Passenger ships sunk by germans:
Lusitania
Arabic
Sussex
(these were not american though!)
the sympathy for the majority of americans for the allies and against germany was especially conditioned by:
the german invasion of neutral belgium
the split between taft/TR; effect:
allowed Wilson to win majority in 1912
the federal reserve act; effect:
finally established an effective banking system and flexible money supply
political turmoil in haiti and dominican republic; effect:
caused wilson to send the marines to restore order and supervise finances
the mexican revolution; effect:
created constant political instability south of the border
Villa’s raid on Comumbus NM; effect:
was the immediate provocation for Gen Pershings’ expedition to Mexico
America’s close cultural and economic ties with GB; effect:
causes most american to sympathize with allies instead of central powers
germany’s sinking of the ships; effect:
caused wilson and outrages americans to demand an end to their submarine warfare
wilson’s success in keeping the US at peace through diplomacy; effect:
enabled dems to win a narrow victory in the election of 1916
the jones act of 1916; effect:
granted the Philippines territorial status as son as a stable govt could be established
conservative justices of the supreme court; effect:
declared unconstitutional progressive measures dealing with labor unions and child labor
Muckrakers were:
journalists
