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Ultrasound > Test Q's > Flashcards

Test Q's Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanical Index

A

estimate of max amp of pressure pulse in tissue

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2
Q

FDA regulations allow mechanical index of __ to be used for all applications except ophthalmic (max __)

A

1.9, 0.23

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3
Q

The reciprocal of Mega is?

A

micro

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4
Q

10 mm = how many cm?

A

1 cm

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5
Q

10 cm = how many decimeter?

A

1 dm

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6
Q

10 dm - how many meters?

A

1 m

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7
Q

10 meters = how many decameters?

A

10 decameter

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8
Q

10 decameters = how many hectometers?

A

1 hm

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9
Q

10 hecometers = how many km?

A

1 km

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10
Q

How many Hertz is 5MHz?

A

5,000,000 Hz

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11
Q

How fast does sound travel in km/s?

A

1.54 km/s

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12
Q

Bunching up and relaxation of energy?

A

Compression, Rarefaction

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13
Q

Complete period of rarefaction?

A

Cycle

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14
Q

What is wavelength?

A

Measurement of cycle and distance

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15
Q

What is the symbol for wavelength?

A

Lambda

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16
Q

Units for wavelength?

A

Meters

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17
Q

Wavelength is inversely related to?

A

Frequency

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18
Q

What components is an ultrasound wave made up of?

A

Wavelength, amplitude, frequency, period/time

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19
Q

What is the amount of signal loss due to passage of sound through media?

A

Coefficient of attenuation

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20
Q

What is cumulative and implies a loss of signal?

A

Tenuation

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21
Q

If the frequency of a sound beam is increased, attenuation will?

A

Increase

22
Q

What type of transducer creates focusing in two dimensions, is mechanically moved and steered, but does not electronically beam steer?

A

Annular phased array

23
Q

Does an annular array probe have a dynamic aperture?

A

Yes

24
Q

Name at least two materials used to manufacture piezoelectric crystals?

A

pzt, pvdf, quartz

25
Q

What are a few major disadvantages of mechanical transducers in color doppler imaging?

A

Increased motion artifacts due to crystals movement; blood moving slower than the speed of the moving crystal will not be detected.

26
Q

As frequency increases, the attenuation coeffecient increases. True or False?

A

True

27
Q

If the frequency decreases, what will happen to the spatial pulse link?

A

The wavelength will increase. SPL will lengthen or increase. Lower frequencies have lower SPL. Longer SPL = less resolution

28
Q

If the frequency of the transducer is doubled, what will happen to the velocity of sound?

A

Remains the same

29
Q

The conversion of sound energy to heat is called?

A

Absorption

30
Q

Does attenuation for soft tissue increase or decrease with increased tissue thickness?

A

Increase

31
Q

What is the attenuation coefficient range in clinical imaging?

A

The attenuation per centimeter for each MHZ of frequency ranges from .5 to 1.1dB

32
Q

Does the spatial pulse length increase or decrease when selecting a higher frequency?

A

Decreases

33
Q

Name the most critical, technical factor in lateral resolution.

A

Probe aperture

34
Q

The minimal reflector separation perpendicular to the sound path needed to resolve separate signals describes…

A

Lateral resolution

35
Q

The beam width is reduced, lateral resolution will…

A

Improve

36
Q

Temporal resolution is dependent on what factor?

A

Time

37
Q

To eliminate image flicker, what frame rate is necessary in a real time system?

A

> 15-20 frames per second or frame rate

38
Q

How many shades of gray have the human eye perceive?

A

700-900 on average

39
Q

How many shades of gray is considered state of the art?

A

256

40
Q

What purpose does the grayscale display have?

A

Range of reflection amplitudes from white to black and subtle changes in tissue compliance.

41
Q

What does dynamic range do?

A

< > insonative energy

42
Q

What is the log measurement term for insinuative energy?

A

dB

43
Q

In the average ultrasound system, the duty factor is always

A

1

44
Q

The same system is capable of receiving sound more than what percentage of time?

A

99%

45
Q

The same system is capable of receiving sound more than what percentage of time?

A

99%

46
Q

No independently confirmed significant biological affects in mammalian tissue have been reported below what intensity?

A

100 mw/cm2 SPTA

47
Q

What maximal intensity has been reported to have no significant affects on mammalian tissue?

A

100 mw/cm2 SPTA

48
Q

What are two bio effects of diagnostic ultrasound?

A

Heat (thermal)

Cavitations (mechanical)

49
Q

What appropriate time should be used when calculating SPTA intensities of PW and CW doppler?

A

Total exposure time

50
Q

If cavitation occurs and the bubbles aren’t bursting, what time of cavitation is it?

A

Stable

Ultrasound (2 decks)

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