Test - Part A

Question 1

Nationalism - according to Gellner

Answer 1

A political principle that holds that the political and the national unit should be congruent.
(A theory of political legitimacy which requires that ethnic boundaries should not cut across political ones)

Question 2

Nationalist sentiment - according to Gellner

Answer 2

The feeling of anger aroused by the violation of this principle, or the satisfaction aroused by its fulfilment.

Question 3

Cosmopolitanism

Answer 3

Worldwide view based on natural human rights ( transcends national and local)

Question 4

Levelling practices

Answer 4

Practices that even distribution of wealth or power

Question 5

Proximate cause and ultimate cause

Answer 5

Immediate cause (trigger) and the underlying factors (structures)

Question 6

Feedback loops - positive and negative

Answer 6

When two or more variables interact in such a way that change in one leads to change in another. Positive - continuing change in the same direction, increasing each variable. Negative - causes change in the opposite direction, stabilising.

Question 7

Essentialism/-ist

Answer 7

The practice of regarding something (as a presumed human trait) as having having innate existence or universal validity rather than as being a social ideological, or intellectual trait.

Question 8

Structures

Answer 8

Persisting patterns and relationships that shape choices of action.

Question 9

Genocide

Answer 9

Intent to destroy in whole or part (or) targets based on national, ethical, racial or religious group. (this definition is a model)

Question 10

A nation - according to Gellner

Answer 10

A group of people who share the same culture, as in system of ideas and way of behaving. Or as a group of people who recognise each other as being from the same nation.

Question 11

the State - according to Max Weber

Answer 11

An agency within society which possesses the monopoly of legitimate violence

Question 12

New Wars - according to Mary Kaldor

Answer 12

“Involve the blurring of the distinctions between war, organised crime and large scale violations of human rights.” -p2

Characteristics = identity politics (claim to power on basis of identity), modern warfare (guerrilla, weapons, strategies), globalised war economy (fighting units financed through black market and external assistance such as humanitarian aid).

“…Arise in the context of the erosion of the autonomy of the state” -p4

Question 13

What’s is money? And purposes according to Carl Polanyi (Paul Bohannan)

Answer 13

Money serves as 3 purposes

1) means of exchange
2) mode of payment
3) standard of value

General-purpose-money = any item which serves all 3 purposes.
Special-purpose-money = any item which serves only 1 or 2 purposes.

Question 14

3 indefinite spheres in the multi-centric economy of the Tiv

Answer 14

1) locally produced foodstuffs and small livestock (market stuff)
2) cattle, slaves, magic, medicine, metal rods (not market related)
3) kinship sphere. Associated with the rights of women and children and exchanging ward for wife ect..