Test Out

Question 1

what does DCAP-BTLS stand for and when is it done

Answer 1

Secondary survey

Deformity, contusion, avulsion, puncture, burns, tender, lacerations, swelling

Question 2

Physiologic causes of shock

Answer 2

Pump failure
Hypovolemia
Lack of adequate air exchange
Vessel failure

Question 3

What causes pump failure leading to shock

Answer 3

Cardiogenic shock (MI)
Pericardial tamponade

Question 4

What causes hypovolemic shock leading to shock

Answer 4

Hypovolemic shock

Hemorrhagic shock

Question 5

What causes lack of adequate air exchange leading to shock

Answer 5

Airway obstruction
Open/tension pneumothorax
Inhalation of toxic gas
Flail chest

Question 6

Vessel failure causing shock

Answer 6

Leaking vascular system

Dilated vascular system (fainting, septic shock, anaphylactic shock, spinal shock)

Question 7

Pathophysiology of hypovolemic shock

Answer 7

• blood volume decreases causing less blood to return to the heart and lower BP
• baroreceptors in aorta detect and release EP/NE
• cause vasoconstriction to keep BP up and increase rate/strength of contraction of heart
• if fluid not replaced, no response to EP/NE and anaerobic metabolism—> lactic acid—> acidic
• causes vasodilation and sudden blood pooling
• low BP and V-fib—> death

Question 8

S/s of hypovolemic shock

Answer 8

Restless/anxious
Pale, cool, clammy, threads pulse
-HR>100 (early sign)
-RR>24–> deep/shallow/irregular
-decreased BP<100 (late sign)
-dilated pupils
-thirsty
-nausea/vomit

Question 9

Spinal shock aka

Answer 9

Neurogenic shock

Question 10

S/s differences between spinal/neurogenic shock and hypovolemic

Answer 10

Bc spinal cord injury, no catecholemines released so NO: tachycardia, pallor, diaphoresis.

INSTEAD: slow HR, warm skin, and dry pink skin

Question 11

What is spinal/neurogenic shock

Answer 11

Shock due to a spinal cord injury causing massive vasodilation

Question 12

What suggest bleeding into the chest/abdomen if there are no obvious external injuries?

Answer 12

HoTN
Tachycardia
Pallor

Question 13

HoTN is almost never due to what?

Answer 13

Head injury

Question 14

S/s of internal bleeding

Answer 14

Shock s/s without obvious external signs

• distended abdomen
• contusions.hematoma
• hematemeis (vomit bright red)
• hemoptysis (cough bright red)
• Melena (dark tarry stool)
• Hematochezia (bright red blood from rectum)
• Hematuria
• coffee ground vomit

Question 15

What size hematoma represents 10% loss of blood

Answer 15

The size if your fist

Question 16

Treatment for closed soft tissue injuries

Answer 16

ICES

Ice
Compression
Elevation
Splinting